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Wales. Part the First., by Edward Mogg
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Title: Survey of the High Roads of England and Wales. Part the First.
Comprising the counties of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Hants,
Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. etc.
Author: Edward Mogg
Release Date: March 15, 2018 [EBook #56742]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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PART THE FIRST.
COMPRISING THE COUNTIES OF
KENT, SURREY, SUSSEX, HANTS, WILTS, DORSET, SOMERSET,
DEVON, AND CORNWALL;
WITH
PART OF BUCKINGHAM AND MIDDLESEX.
PLANNED ON A SCALE OF ONE INCH TO A MILE.
EXHIBITING AT ONE VIEW
THE SEATS OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY,
WHETHER SITUATED ON, OR CONTIGUOUS TO, THE ROAD.
The various Branches of Roads and Towns to which they lead.
TOGETHER WITH
THE ACTUAL DISTANCE OF THE SAME FROM THE MAIN ROAD, RIVERS, NAVIGABLE CANALS, RAILWAYS, TURNPIKE GATES, &c. &c.
ACCOMPANIED BY
INDEXES,
TOPOGRAPHIC AND DESCRIPTIVE.
THE WHOLE
ENRICHED WITH A VARIETY OF VALUABLE AND ORIGINAL INFORMATION.
ARRANGED BY, AND UNDER THE DIRECTION OF,
EDWARD MOGG.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY EDWARD MOGG, No. 51, CHARING CROSS.
1817.
TO
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS
THE PRINCE REGENT.
Sir,
Your Royal Highness having graciously condescended to extend your august patronage and protection to this work, I cannot present it to the public, without testifying how deeply sensible I am of this most gracious mark of your Royal Highness’s approbation.
I am perfectly aware that no merit of the performance can give it pretensions to so exalted a patronage; yet to whom can this publication with so much propriety be addressed, as to that illustrious and magnanimous Prince, who, by his wisdom and councils, during the most arduous contest in which any nation was ever engaged, preserved us in the quiet enjoyment of that land, and, under whose auspicious guidance and government, has been raised to the highest pinnacle of glory that country, the topography and picturesque beauties of which it is the principal design of the following pages to illustrate.
That your Royal Highness may long live to be the ornament of society, the delight and boast of a grateful and admiring nation, is the ardent wish of,
Sir,
Your Royal Highness’s
most grateful,
most dutiful,
and most devoted servant,
EDWARD MOGG.
In presenting to the Public the first part of this comprehensive work, embracing the southern division of the Kingdom, the Proprietor indulges a hope, that while conveying information, he will be found in some degree to have contributed to the amusement of the traveller.
The gratification derived from an excursion of pleasure does not always terminate with its performance, but is often produced by reflections which naturally arise on a subsequent review of past occurrences or remarkable objects; and which the peculiar construction of this work is eminently calculated to assist.
In contemplating a new Road, we feel enlivened by anticipation; in the recollection of an old one, we are led to reflections that equally interest; and a recurrence to these pages will immediately present to the reader’s imagination the identical spot, or well known inn, which from a variety of incidents that occur in the prosecution of a journey, whether the remembrance be attended with pleasure or accompanied by a feeling of regret, never fail to leave an indelible impression on the mind.
It has been justly remarked by an eminent Geographer[1], that the Rivers of England have never yet been delineated; the same observation may be applied with equal truth, though still greater regret, with respect to its Roads, which (on a large scale) yet remain to be illustrated; how far the present work is likely to succeed in supplying the latter deficiency, it will remain for the public to decide. It is an object the Proprietor has long had in contemplation, and has thence been brought to greater perfection from an attentive observation of circumstances peculiarly connected with the subject, both in regard to the alteration of old, and the formation of new Roads, which, by avoiding hills and shortening distance, will be found to afford such facilities to travelling as are alone to be experienced on this island: accurately to delineate improvements so extensive, and which will in vain be sought in any other publication, are the pages of this work devoted.
[1] Pinkerton.
To comment on the superiority of the method of delineation here adopted were superfluous at the present time, when the Proprietor’s pretensions may be decided by comparison with the performances of predecessors in a similar course, and when indeed he feels confident of having thus far accomplished an undertaking, which, whether as referring to originality or execution, is considerably more entitled to attention than any known production of its kind; combining means so ample and illustrative, the Traveller is in possession of information nearly equal to a bird’s-eye view of the country. The Seats of the Nobility and Gentry are faithfully described, the names of their several Proprietors have been carefully attended to, and the arrangement of the whole so constructed as to render the work at once clear and comprehensive. Simplicity, joined to a strict accuracy, has been his chief aim, and he is unconscious of having omitted any thing which could have contributed to render the whole complete.
To simplify as much as possible, and to facilitate the understanding of this work, the following Table of Routes is given; describing the page at which the commencement of each Road will be found, and which, where the same is not continued in a regular succession, will conduct, by reference to the pages, the eye of the reader with the most perfect ease to every place of consequence contained in the work.
LONDON to DOVER,—pages 1 to 10.
LONDON to MARGATE,—pages 1 to 8, to Canterbury; thence to Margate, pages 11 and 12.
LONDON to RAMSGATE,—pages 1 to 8, to Canterbury; thence to Monkton, where the Road turns off, pages 11 and 12; thence to Ramsgate, page 13.
LONDON to HASTINGS,—pages 15 to 22.
LONDON to CANTERBURY,—pages 1 to 8.
LONDON to TUNBRIDGE WELLS,—pages 15 to 18, to Tunbridge; thence to Tunbridge Wells, page 14.
LONDON to PORTSMOUTH,—pages 23 to 32.
LONDON to CHICHESTER, by Midhurst,—pages 23 to 27, to Milford; thence to Chichester, pages 33 to 36.
LONDON to CHICHESTER, by Petworth,—pages 23 to 27, to Milford; thence to Chichester, pages 37 to 40.
LONDON to BOGNOR, by Chichester, (to Chichester as above)—thence to Bognor, page 41.
LONDON to BOGNOR, by Eartham,—to Milford, pages 23 to 27; thence to Benges Wood, where the Road divides, pages 37 to 40; thence to Bognor, by Eartham, page 42.
LONDON to ARUNDEL,—pages 23 to 27, to Milford; thence to Petworth, pages 37 to 38; thence to Arundel, pages 43 and 44.
LONDON to BRIGHTON, through Sutton and Ryegate,—pages 45 to 51.
LONDON to BRIGHTON, through Croydon,—pages 52 to 54, to Ryegate; thence to Brighton, pages 47 to 51.
LONDON to BRIGHTON, by Lewes,—to Purley House, pages 52 and 53; thence to Brighton, pages 55 to 60.
LONDON to WORTHING,—to Tooting, page 45; thence to Worthing, pages 61 to 67.
LONDON to SOUTHAMPTON, by Basingstoke,—pages 69 to 79.
LONDON to SOUTHAMPTON, through Farnham,—to the Golden Farmer, pages 69 to 72; thence to Winchester, pages 80 to 84; thence to Southampton, pages 78 and 79.
LONDON to POOLE, through Romsey,—pages 69 to 77, to Winchester; thence to Poole, pages 85 to 90.
LONDON to POOLE, by Southampton, (to Southampton as above)—thence to the 82nd Milestone, page 91; thence to Poole, page 87 to 90.
LONDON to LYMINGTON, (to Southampton as above)—thence to Totton, page 91; thence to Lymington, pages 92 and 93.
LONDON to CHRISTCHURCH,—to Winchester, pages 69 to 77; thence to Ringwood, pages 85 to 88; thence to Christchurch, page 94.
LONDON to GOSPORT,—pages 69 to 72, to the Golden Farmer; thence to Alton, pages 80 to 82; thence to Gosport, pages 95 to 98.
LONDON to EXETER, through Andover, Salisbury, Blandford, and Dorchester,—to Basingstoke, pages 69 to 75; thence to Exeter, pages 99 to 116.
LONDON to PLYMOUTH and FALMOUTH, (to Exeter as above)—thence to Plymouth, pages 117 to 122; thence to Falmouth, pages 123 to 130.
LONDON to EXETER, through Stockbridge, Salisbury, and Shaftesbury,—to Basingstoke, pages 69 to 75; thence to Axminster, pages 131 to 144; thence to Exeter, pages 113 to 116.
LONDON to FALMOUTH, through Launceston, (to Exeter as above)—thence to Truro, pages 147 to 158; thence to Falmouth, pages 129 and 130.
LONDON to EXETER, through Andover, commonly called the New Road,—to Basingstoke, pages 69 to 75; thence to Andover, pages 99 to 101; thence to Honiton, pages 159 to 170; thence to Exeter, pages 114 to 116.
LONDON to WEYMOUTH,—to Basingstoke, pages 69 to 75; thence to Dorchester, pages 99 to 109; thence to Weymouth, page 171.
LONDON to BRUTON,—to Basingstoke, pages 69 to 75; thence to Andover, pages 99 to 101; thence to the 98th Milestone on the Exeter Road, pages 159 to 163; thence to Bruton, pages 172 and 173.
LONDON to BATH and EXETER, by Calne and Chippenham,—to Hounslow, pages 69 and 70; thence to Bath and Exeter, pages 174 to 197.
LONDON to BATH and BRISTOL, by Devizes,—to Hounslow, pages 69 and 70; thence to Beckhampton Inn, pages 174 to 184; thence to Bath and Bristol, pages 198 to 203.
BATH to BRIGHTON, through Warminster, Salisbury, and Romsey,—pages 204 to 219.
BATH to BRIGHTON, through Salisbury and Southampton,—pages 204 to 211, to Romsey; thence through Southampton to Cosham, pages 220 to 223; thence to Brighton, pages 214 to 219.
For the finding of any Place not contained in this Table see General Index at the end.
1
2
Published by E. Mogg June 1.st 1814.
London to Dover
measured from London Bridge.
Larger map (280 kB)
3
4
Published by E. Mogg June 1.st 1814.
London to Dover
measured from London Bridge
Larger map (250 kB)
5
6
Published by E. Mogg June 1st 1814.
London to Dover
measured from London Bridge
Larger map (200 kB)
7
8
Published by E. Mogg June 1st 1814.
London to Dover
measured from London Bridge
Larger map (240 kB)
11
12
{
N.B. For the continuation of the Road from
Canterbury to London
see Page 8.
London to Margate
measured from London Bridge
Larger map (210 kB)
13
14
{
N.B. For the continuation of this
Road to London see Page 12.
London to Ramsgate
London to Tunbridge Wells
measured from London Bridge
Larger map (200 kB)
33
34
{
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Page 27.
London to Chichester by Midhurst.
Larger map (250 kB)
37
38
{
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Page 27.
London to Chichester by Petworth.
Larger map (260 kB)
41
42
}
For the continuation of this
Road to
London see Page 40.
London to Bognor by Chichester and by Eartham.
Larger map (200 kB)
43
44
{
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Page 38.
London to Arundel
Larger map (230 kB)
51
52
London to Brighton
measured from Westminster Bridge
measur’d from the Standard in Cornhill
Larger map (260 kB)
55
56
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Pa. 53.
London to Brighton
measured from the Standard in Cornhill.
Larger map (240 kB)
61
62
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see Pa. 45.
London to Worthing
measured from Westminster Bridge
Larger map (260 kB)
79
80
}
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see page 72.
London to Southampton
measured from Hyde Park Corner
Larger map (240 kB)
91
92
{
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see Pa. 79.
}
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see Pa. 91.
London to Poole,
contind. Pa. 87.
London to Lymington.
measured from Hyde Park Corner.
Larger map (300 kB)
93
94
}
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see Pa. 88.
London to Lymington.
Ringwood to Christchurch.
measured from Hyde Park Corner.
Larger map (230 kB)
95
96
{
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see pa. 82.
London to Gosport
measured from Hyde Park Corner
Larger map (240 kB)
99
100
For the continuation of this
Road to London, see pa. 75.
London to Exeter
measured from Hyde Park Corner.
Larger map (240 kB)
131
132
For the continuation of this
Road to London see pa. 75.
London to Exeter
measured from Hyde Park Corner.
Larger map (210 kB)
147
148
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Pa. 116.
London to Falmouth
measured from Hyde Park Corner.
Larger map (230 kB)
159
160
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Pa. 101.
London to Exeter
measured from Hyde park Corner
Larger map (290 kB)
172
173
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Pa. 163.
London to Bruton
measured from Hyde Park Corner
Larger map (270 kB)
174
175
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Pa. 70.
London to Bath
measured from Hyde Park Corner
Larger map (290 kB)
198
199
For the continuation of this
Road to London see Pa. 184.
London to Bath
measured from Hyde Park Corner
Larger map (290 kB)
220
221
For the continuation of this
Road to Bath see Pa. 211.
Bath to Brighton
measured from the Market House Bath
Larger map (330 kB)
In this Index the Name of every Possessor of a Seat is referred to, as well as the Name of the Seat itself, together with a Description of the most remarkable.
Abbey, the, 173.
Abbot, Right Hon. Charles, 57. (see Kiddbrook)
Ackland, Sir T. D. 196, 197. (see Killerton Park)
A’Court, Sir Wm. 206. (see Heytesbury Park)
A’Dair, —— Esq. 194. (see Heatherton Park)
Adam, W. Esq. 52. (see Mount Nod Farm)
Alderbury House, 209.
Amfield House, 85.
Amherst, Lord, 17. (see Montreal)
Amport Park, 159.
Andrews, Sir Joseph, 180. (see Shaw House)
Angerstein, J. J. Esq. 1. (see Woodlands)
Anglesea, Marquis of, (see Earl of Uxbridge) 140. (see Stalbridge Park)
Angmering Park, 217.
Anthony House, 123, the seat of the Right Hon. R. P. Carew, Esq. M. P. is a modern building, desirably situated on the south side of the Lyhner river. It contains a collection of old portraits, and some paintings.
Arden, Lord, 47. (see Nork House)
Arundell, Lord, 138. (see Wardour Castle)
Arundel Park, 44, 217, the magnificent seat of the Duke of Norfolk. This castle stands on a hill, at the southern extremity of an extensive, well-wooded, and beautiful park. The original, which was very ancient (mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great), and greatly delapidated by the unsparing hand of time, has been recently repaired in the most costly and elegant manner, in the gothic style, at a vast expence, by the late Duke. This spot has the pre-eminent privilege of conferring the dignity of Earl, without creation, on whosoever possesses it; a privilege not enjoyed by any other place in the kingdom.
Arundel Castle stands on an elevated situation, its foundation being a steep circular knoll, formed partly by nature, and partly by art. From the castle, the Isle of Wight is visible. The country towards the sea is low and flat, and it is supposed that the sea once washed the walls of this edifice, anchors and other marine implements having been found near it. The park and views from thence comprise a great variety of picturesque and beautiful scenery.
To attempt a particular description of this truly magnificent mansion, in the circumscribed limits of this work, is impossible.
The exterior presents a singularly beautiful, imposing and majestic appearance, and the interior arrangements are contrived with every variety of taste, elegance, and propriety, many of the apartments being superbly furnished and decorated with valuable paintings.
Ash Park, 99.
Ashdown Park, 58.
Ashland House, 213.
Ashtead Park, 62, the seat of R. Howard, Esq. consists of about 140 acres, enclosed with a brick wall. The church stands in the park, and near it stood the old mansion, immediately contiguous to the site of which is erected the present elegant residence. The stables are very magnificent.
Austins, F. M. Esq. 18. (see Kippington)
Avington Park, 84, the seat of Earl Temple. The mansion is chiefly built of brick, and is situated in a well-planted valley, surrounded with high downs, forming a singular and pleasing contrast. Some of the apartments are elegantly fitted up, and enriched by a choice collection of paintings. The park is near three miles in circumference, well diversified, containing some fine old timber, and has a handsome ornamental piece of water before the house.
Avisford House, 217.
Aylesbury, Earl of, 182. (see Savernake Lodge)
Bacon, —— Esq. 180. (see Benham Place)
Badworth Park, 217.
Bagshot Park, 72. H. R. H. the Duke of Gloucester. The house stands in the centre of a park, upwards of three miles in circumference.
Bake, 124.
Bambridge, 78.
Bamfylde, G. Esq. 197. (see Poltimore House)
Banks, Sir Joseph, 70. (see Spring Grove)
Bannister’s Lodge, 220.
Barclay, G. Esq. 63. (see Burfoot Lodge)
Barfoot, —— Esq. 97. (see Midlington Place)
Baring, Sir Thomas, 76. (see Stratton Park)
Barnfield, 88.
Barton Court, 181, the seat of C. Dundas, Esq. The house is a good brick building, with wings, pleasantly situated on a branch of the Kennet, and protected on the north side by rows of stately trees.
Barton, —— Esq. 220. (see Roundham House)
Basing Park, 95.
Batchelor, Major, 185.
Batt, I. T. Esq. 209. (see New Hall)
Battle Abbey, 22, the seat of Sir Godfrey Webster, is situated on a gentle rise, with a delightful sweep before it of meadows and woods, bounded by woody hills, which form a valley, winding towards Hastings and the sea. The ruins of this once magnificent structure, bear ample testimony of the scale of the establishment, their circuit embracing nearly a mile. The remains occupy nearly three sides of a long square; the middle side is converted into a modern habitation. The grand entrance, facing the town, is a large square building, embattled at the top with a handsome octagon tower at each corner, composing a very rich and elegant piece of gothic architecture. The side of the square, opposite to the gateway, consists of two long low parallel walls; the remaining side forms the dwelling house. Some of these ruins are interesting; but the greater part have been destroyed or defaced by modern alterations.
Bazalgette, —— Esq. 79.
Bear Place, 177, the seat of Sir M. Ximenes, is an elegant modern house, with wings, delightfully situated on an elevated spot, in a pleasant woodland country. A ridge of hills screen it on the north; a pleasing variety of inequalities, tufted with woods, compose its grounds, and the views towards the south and east are open and extensive.
Beauport, 22, the seat of Sir James Bland Burgess, Bart. so named by its late possessor, Gen. James Murray, after Beauport, near Quebec, in Canada, at the reduction of which he acted a distinguished part. It is a handsome modern edifice, built of stone, and, from its situation on an eminence, commands magnificent sea views: from hence, on a clear day, Boulogne and Calais are distinctly visible.
Bebb, —— Esq. 180. (see Donnington Grove)
Beckenham Place, 16, the seat of John Cator, Esq. is a handsome building, commanding a beautiful, though not extensive prospect.
Beckford, William, Esq. 163. (see Fonthill Abbey)
Bedhampton Place, 214.
Beechworth Castle, 63, the seat of Henry Peters, Esq. The mansion is old, situated on the site of an ancient castle, of which it once formed a part, on the bank of the river Mole: great improvements have been made by the present occupier. The park contains some noble timber. The outer park is skirted with chesnut-trees, of a remarkably large growth; and the inner, in which the house is situated, has two fine avenues, one of elms, and another, 350 yards in length, composed of limes of an extraordinary size.
Bell Vue, 130.
Belle Vue, 79, 91, 221, the seat of Josiah Jackson, Esq. This delightful spot is situated near Southampton, on the west side of the river Itchen. The house, a beautiful modern edifice, commands a most exquisite prospect; the shrubberies and gardens are tastefully arranged, which, together with a spacious green-house and hot-houses, contain a great variety of choice plants.
Belmont, 96.
Benham Place, 180, the seat of —— Bacon, Esq. The entrance to the park from the high road, has a handsome lodge on each side; a spacious road from thence through a wood leads to the open grounds, where a variety of pleasing views immediately present themselves. On the south, beyond the vale, through which, in meandering mazes, glides the limpid Kennet, a fine prospect of Hampsted Marshal Park presents itself. The grounds on this side are agreeably diversified in appearance, richly decorated with wood and water, which objects are most delightfully distributed over verdant meadows by the plaistic hand of nature, forming a most enchanting assemblage of sylvan beauties. On the west are high grounds, crowned with extensive woods, with the bold projecting tracts of the Wiltshire Downs in the distance. The view towards the east has also equal claims to attention; a large and well-cultivated district thence appearing in lovely contrast to the view. The mansion is regular, of the Ionic order, composed of free stone, having an elegant portico on the south front. It stands on a sloping bank, amidst a most charming grove of trees of various coloured foliage. A handsome sheet of water, partaking of all the crystal beauties of its parent stream, the Kennet, flows before the mansion, over which stands a bridge of three arches, built in the Chinese style. The grounds are judiciously ornamented with woods, and the whole presents a combination of simplicity and beauty.
Bently, T. Esq. 4. (see the Hermitage)
Benyon, R. Esq. 178. (see Englefield House)
Berkeley, Lady, 174. (see Cranford Park)
Besborough, Earl of, 24. In this house are some valuable antiquities, particularly the celebrated trunk of a Venus, from the collection of Baron Stosch; and a bust of Demosthenes, by Benvenuto Cellini; with some good pictures, among which are, the Interment of a Cardinal, by John ab Eyck, the first painter in oil colours; also portraits, by Rubens and Holbein.
Bevis Mount, 221, the seat of H. Hulton, Esq. derives its name from the celebrated Sir Bevois, the hero of Southampton. It was originally a vast pile of earth thrown up for defence, which is now laid out in pleasure grounds of the most tasteful description, the effect of which is greatly heightened by its situation, the tide, at high water, forming a beautiful bay at the foot of the eminence. This was once the residence of Southeby the poet.
Biddulph, John, Esq. 39. (see Burton Park)
Bistern House, 94.
Bittern Grove, 221.
Black Brook, 222.
Blacklands, 184, the seat of John Merrywether, Esq. This seat the present possessor has greatly improved: the grounds abound with wood, and display much picturesque scenery.
Blake, —— Esq. 221. (see Merry Oak Farm)
Blagrave, —— Esq. 178. The seat of this gentleman is a handsome regular structure, with wings, most advantageously situated in a pleasant and tastefully diversified park, agreeably embellished with gently rising lawns, and trees of various foliage, grouped, and otherwise most judiciously arranged, by which means the north front is rendered perfectly secure from the chilling blasts incidental to that quarter. It is famous for its fine venison.
Bland Burgess, Sir James, 22. (see Beauport)
Bland, —— Esq. 62. (see Randall House)
Blandford, Marquis of. (see Duke of Marlboro’) 177. (see White Knights and Sion Hill)
Blue Hayes, 116.
Bolderwood Lodge, 87, H. R. H. the Duke of Gloucester, Lord Warden of the New Forest.
Bolton, Lord, 75. (see Hackwood Park)
Bolton, H. Esq. 62. (see Givens Grove)
Bonham, T. Esq. 30.
Boringdon, Lord, 122. (see Boringdon Park and Saltram)
Boringdon Park, 122. A deer park belonging to Lord Boringdon. Here are the remains of a mansion built in the fourteenth century, now occupied by a farmer. The park contains about 500 acres, including a great variety of fine scenery.
Borrodaile, —— Esq. 52.
Botley Grange, 212.
Bounds, 14, the property of the Earl of Darnley. The demesne surrounds the park, and consists of about 1000 acres of well-wooded and picturesque land.
Bower House, 199.
Bow Wood, 185, the magnificent seat of the Marquis of Lansdown. The mansion house stands on elevated ground; it consists of three distinct parts, erected at different periods, consequently exhibiting different styles of architecture. The first part was built by John, Earl of Shelburne, grandfather to the present possessor, which, in style of architecture, resembles an Italian villa. The first marquis extended the building by adding a wing, 300 feet in extent, in imitation of a wing of Dioclesian’s palace at Spalatro; this forms the southern side of two quadrangular courts, which are surrounded by domestic offices. The third portion, to the north of the house, but connected with it, consists of a series of private apartments, which are appropriated to visitors. It is situated in an extensive and beautiful park, greatly diversified by nature, and enriched by skilful and judicious cultivation. The principal front faces the south, and commands the most beautiful and richly variegated prospects. It is ornamented with a large portico, supported by columns of the Doric order, with corresponding entablatures, whence a pediment arises, on which the family arms are sculptured in bold relief. The entrance hall, or vestibule, is paved with tesselated marble.
The apartments are fitted up in the most elegant style, and many are ornamented with valuable pictures and drawings.
The park and pleasure grounds of Bow-wood are very extensive, environed by plantations, arranged in the most tasteful and elegant varieties. A noble lake, which covers the space of about thirty acres, expands its pellucid waters in the front of the mansion, delightfully heightening the beauties of the surrounding scenery. This expanse of water is divided into two branches, one of which, after flowing a considerable distance under a fine hanging wood, is lost to the view by a circuitous course round a beautiful mass of plantation: the other recedes behind an elevated part of the lawn. At the northern extremity of the lake is a rock, through which the water issues in several broken streams, which, though artificial, have the wildness and picturesque effect of nature in the most uncultivated state. These united cascades fall in one sheet against some projecting stones of irregular shapes. In these rocks are also contained several subterraneous passages, whose dark openings, being in perfect unison with the noise of the waters and the seclusion of the spot, renders this a scene at once sublime, and beautifully awful. The rocks also contain a vast number of petrifactions. In the arrangements and distribution of ornaments in these grounds, nature has been suffered to revel unconfined, guided, but not fettered, by art, only sufficient to render her works, if possible, still more delightful. Here is a mausoleum consecrated to the memory of John, Earl of Shelburne. It is situated on an eminence, enveloped in a deep and silent grove, judiciously appropriated to the solemnity of the scene, and contains a monument of marble, with a suitable inscription.
Bradford, T. Esq. 58. (see Ashdown Park)
Bramshill Park, 74, the seat of Sir J. Cope. The mansion is situated on a bold eminence, in a spacious Park, and forms one of the most striking features in the county of Hants. It is reported to have been built as a palace for Prince Henry, son of James the First, but never completed according to the original design; the centre part alone being finished.
Bramstone, —— Esq. 99. (see Hall Place)
Brant, —— Esq. 23.
Brianston, 107, the seat of E. B. Portman, Esq. This elegant building, which has been recently erected on the site of the old mansion, is composed of free stone, covering an area of 112 feet by 100, with offices erected separate, but communicating with the house by an enclosed passage. The apartments are elegantly spacious, and fitted up in the most superb and chaste style. The grounds are laid out with great taste, assisted by nature. A beautiful wood-crowned cliff extends itself from the mansion to Blandford Bridge, in a semicircular direction, with the river Stour flowing in a line before it, through verdant meadows, which, together with the town of Blandford, advantageously seen, forms a charming view from the front of the mansion.
Brickland House, 221.
Brickworth, 209.
Bridge House, 49.
Bridge Place, 8.
Bridges, H. Esq. 219. (see Buckingham House)
Bridges, Mrs. 9. (see Wooton Court)
Bridwell, 195.
Broadlands Park, 86, 211, 220, the seat of Lord Viscount Palmerston. The house is a neat edifice of white brick, standing on the eastern side of the river Test, which flows through the park: it was nearly rebuilt by the late Lord Palmerston, a most eminent connoisseur of his time, who made a fine collection of paintings, which are preserved in this mansion.
Brockenhurst House, 93, the seat of John Moraunt, Esq. (once the residence of the philanthropic Howard), is a handsome modern building, situated in a spacious park, beautifully diversified with every variety of woodland scenery.
Broom Park, 9, the seat of Sir Henry Oxenden, Bart. The house is a respectable building, of the time of Charles the First; the present Baronet has expended considerable sums in extending and improving the grounds (which are paled in), though nature, especially in front and to the west, has afforded but barren materials to work upon.
Brympton House, 141.
Buckingham House, 219.
Burfoot Lodge, 63.
Burlton, W. Esq. 138. (see Donhead Hall)
Burnett, Sir Robert, 61.
Burrell, Sir C. 65. (see Nep Castle)
Burrell, W. Esq. 65. (see West Grinsted Park)
Burton, 94.
Burton, —— Esq. 183. (see Lockeridge House)
Burton House, 94.
Burton (formerly Bodectin) Park, 39. During the lapse of three centuries was the seat of the very ancient and knightly family of Goring, the heir of which brought this estate to the Biddulphs’, of Biddulph, in Staffordshire, in marriage.
Burton Place is a mansion of great extent, having a singularly handsome front, one hundred and seventy-three feet in length. It is in the best style of architecture, by Battesla Leoni, who was much employed about the beginning of the last century. A venerable residence, built in the reign of Elizabeth, was partly destroyed by fire, and the present structure was begun by Sir W. Goring, in 1723. J. Biddulph, Esq. who succeeded to it, brought it to completion, externally, and within these few years, the apartments have been fitted up with judgment and taste. The saloon is a remarkably fine room, 46 feet by 30, and the present proprietor is John Biddulph, Esq. who has resided at Florence for many years past, but it is inhabited by his brother, Charles Biddulph, Esq.
The site is extremely beautiful, in a large park, picturesquely diversified, being intersected by a succession of small lakes falling into each other, which, as a very rare occurrence, are noticed in Doomsday book for the produce of fish, which is there valued. Carp is the chief stock, with tench and perch of extraordinary size. In 1789, out of one pond of 50 acres, were taken 2,824 fish of different kinds. Fronting the south aspect, the bold headlands, which divide the county, rise majestically. Duncton Hill and Lavington Down are immediately opposite, and are broken into knolls richly invested in groves of low wood. These acclivities are infinitely various and beautiful, and the whole scene is rendered interesting by the combination of the softest verdure, with broken cliffs, and an endless terrace of down, in the distance.
Busbridge Park, 27, the seat of Henry Hare Townsend, Esq. The mansion contains many first rate pictures, by Raphael, Teniers, Vandyck, Rembrandt, Vandervelt, and others; with a large collection of the best productions of Morland.
Byron, T. Esq. 53. (see Hooley House)
Camerton, 188.
Cams Hall, 98, 222, the seat of Mrs. Delme, is a handsome modern building, pleasantly situated on the east side of Portsmouth Harbour, with a good park.
Cannon House, 36, the seat of Lord Selsey. The house is situated at the northern extremity of the park; the grounds are judiciously planted, and about 200 yards distant from the mansion, through the park, runs the little stream, called the Lavant.
Carclew, 130, the seat of Sir William Lemon, Bart. is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence. The house is a neat modern building, of the Ionic order, faced with granite, having a regular portico. The centre and wings are connected by colonnades; it contains some good pictures, and is fitted up with much taste. Every advantage has been judiciously taken of the variety of surface, and the grounds are well laid out.
Carew, Rt. Hon. R. P. 123. (see Anthony House)
Carhampton, Earl of, 25. (see Pains Hill)
Carlyon, T. Esq. 127. (see Tregrehan)
Castle Goring, 218.
Castle House, 164.
Castle Malwood Cottage, 87, the seat of Col. Murray. The situation is high, and commands extensive views.
Catchfrench, 124.
Cator, J. Esq. 16. (see Beckenham Place)
Caversham Park, 177, the seat of Major Marsack. The mansion is stately and regular, situated on an eminence, that commands extensive views of Berks and the adjacent counties. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and the park includes every variety of appropriate embellishment.
Cazalet, P. Esq. 17. (see Halstead)
Chandler, Rev. Dr. 178. (see Tilehurst Place)
Channing, Major, 112. (see Verst)
Charlcott House, 205.
Charlton House, 1, the residence of Lady Spencer Wilson, is very pleasantly situated, and exhibits a good specimen of the style of building in vogue during the reign of James the First, though some considerable alterations were made in it by Sir William Ducie, about the year 1659. It forms an oblong square, with projections at the ends of each front, crowned by turrets, and an open ballustrade which surrounds the summit of the whole. The centre also projects, and the entrance is ornamented by Corinthian columns; the bases displaying sculptures of lions’ heads. In the window above are the arms and alliance of Sir William Ducie. The saloon is richly ornamented; the ceiling is still in the original state, as finished by Sir Adam Newton, and exhibits the royal arms, and ostrich feathers: the chimney piece is of the same age, and has on one side the figure of Vulcan, in alabaster, and on the other that of Venus. In a room adjoining to the saloon is a chimney piece, with a slab of black marble, so finely polished, that Lord Down is said to have seen in it a robbery committed on Blackheath, and sent out his servants, who apprehended the thieves. The gallery on the north side of the house was also fitted up by Sir A. Newton, and measures seventy-six feet by sixteen feet. In the windows is some painted glass of the arms of the Ducies, and their alliances. In this gallery are portraits of Henry, Prince of Wales, and Thomas Wilson, LL. D. secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth; and also a large and valuable collection of natural history, made by Lady Wilson, consisting of insects, minerals, extraneous fossils, and other subjects: among the fossils are a great variety of those found in the parish. The park and pleasure grounds comprise about seventy acres, and include some beautiful scenery. Before the court-yard is a row of aged cypress trees.
Charlton Park, 9, a small seat belonging to Robert Foot, Esq. The house is surrounded by fine trees, and the grounds are noted for uncommon verdure, even in time of drought.
Chart Park, 63, the seat of Sir C. H. Talbot. The house is a plain white building, which commands pleasant and extensive views to the south, and through the adjacent grounds into a beautiful park, which, though not extensive, is planted with great taste.
Chase, R. Esq. 59. (see Horstead Place)
Chatley House, 205.
Chevening, 17, the seat of Earl Stanhope. The house is a handsome modern structure, fronted with stucco. This manor was purchased of the daughters of Lord Dacre, after having been in the several possessions of De Chevening, Isley, and Leonard, by the great Earl Stanhope, ancestor to the present owner. The grounds have been much improved by the late Earl, who was well known both as a politician and mechanical genius, particularly celebrated for his improvement of the printing press.
Chichester, Earl of, 60. (see Stanmer Park)
Chichester, —— Esq. 188. (see Camerton)
Chilton Lodge, 181, the seat of —— Pearce, Esq. This is an elegant mansion, boldly and conspicuously situated in a spacious park, adorned with woods, laid out in the most judicious and tasteful manner. The house and grounds command many beautiful views.
Chilworth House, 211.
Chipstead Place, 17, the property and residence of George Polhill, Esq. whose ancestor, David Polhill, Esq. purchased it in the year 1658.
Chissel House, 221.
Claremont Park, 25, the seat of H. R. H. the Princess Charlotte of Wales, and H. S. H. the Prince of Saxe-Cobourg. The mansion was erected by Lord Clive, the conqueror of India, at an expense of £100,000. It forms an oblong square of 132 feet by 102. In the principal front a flight of steps leads to the grand entrance, under a pediment supported by Corinthian columns. The apartments are spacious and elegant, and the situation well chosen, commanding various views of the water and plantations in the park, which are extremely beautiful.
Clark, Capt. 62. (see Elm Bank)
Clark, R. H. Esq. 195. (see Bridwell)
Clark, R. Esq. 179. (see Padworth House)
Clifford, Lord, 118. (see Ugbrook House)
Clutton, W. Esq. 48. (see Hartswood)
Cobham Hall, 4, the seat of Earl Darnley. This mansion, though not externally grand, retains sufficient remains of its ancient baronial splendour to excite considerable interest: it is built in the form of a half H; the extremities of the side wings are terminated by octagonal towers, and, with the centre, and a sunk wall in the front, encloses a quadrangular lawn, ornamented by statues, vases, &c. The centre of the building was planned by Inigo Jones, and was new cased with brick, and sashed, by the late Earl Darnley; so that its appearance is not uniform with the wings, which formed part of the residence of the Cobhams.
The furniture and decorations of the apartments in Cobham Hall are of the most costly and elegant nature, enriched by a variety of beautiful sculpture, and a fine collection of pictures.
The park, which includes 1800 acres, and is nearly seven miles in circumference, is beautifully diversified, and abundantly wooded. The oaks are particularly luxuriant, and many of them are very large and venerable. On the south side, leading from the house, is a noble avenue of lime trees, consisting of four rows, and extending to the length of upwards of 1000 yards. On an elevated site, towards the southern extremity of the park, is an extensive building, visible from the road, erected as a MAUSOLEUM, or CHAPEL, at an expense of £9000, under an injunction in the will of the late Earl, and designed for the sepulture of the family. The basement story, which is rusticated, contains a vault and sarcophagus, surrounded by recesses for interments. The floor over this was intended for a chapel, and is crowned by a dome, supported by eight Corinthian columns. The exterior part of this story has four wings, with duplicated columns, sustaining sarcophaguses, and is terminated by a pyramid.
Cogley House, 173.
Cold Harbour, 213.
Coldrinick, 124.
Coley Park, 178.
Combe House, 24.
Combe Park, 123.
Compton House, 137, the seat of John Hungerford Penruddock, Esq. The mansion is commodious, and is advantageously situated in a part of the country extremely luxuriant. It was the residence of the celebrated Col. Penruddock, who lost his life in an unsuccessful attempt to restore Charles the Second to the throne.
Compton Park, 184, the seat of Mrs. Heneage. This mansion is situated on lofty ground, and is visible at the distance of thirty miles. It is composed of stone and bricks, and contains some good rooms, in which are many valuable pictures. It stands in a pleasant park, ornamented with water, and fine plantations of wood.
Conolly, —— Esq. 204. (see Midford Castle)
Cook, —— Esq. 29. (see Milland House)
Cook, —— Esq. 114. (see Sion House)
Cope, Sir J. 74. (see Bramshill Park)
Copland, A. Esq. 69. The residence of this gentleman is surrounded by extensive and ornamental gardens and pleasure grounds; in the latter are a beautiful grotto, and a sheet of water. The house is neat, in the villa style.
Copley, Sir Jos. 124. (see Bake)
Corsham Park, 186, the seat of P. Methuen, Esq. The original building was erected in the year 1582, but it has subsequently been much enlarged and improved, and is now a most magnificent mansion, in the gothic style; it is situated in an extensive park, in the ornament and arrangement of which, nature and art are happily combined. But the greatest attraction to this charming spot is an extensive and valuable collection of pictures, by the most celebrated masters.
Corsham House is open for public inspection two days in the week; the apartments shown are, first, the grand hall, which is fitted up in the old baronial style; it is 110 feet in length, 25 feet broad, and 25 feet high: the state dressing room, the state bed chamber, the cabinet room, the picture gallery, the music room, the saloon, and the dining room. These apartments are fitted up with great elegance, superbly furnished, and adorned with the whole of the principal pictures in the Methuen collection.
Coryton House, 113.
Coventry, Earl of, 52.
Cowdry Park, 34. In this extensive and beautiful park are situated the picturesque ruins of Cowdry House, once the magnificent seat of the noble family of Montague. These ruins are situated in a valley, near the banks of the Arun, between two hills crowned with woods, the present state of which bear evident testimony of the former magnificence and splendour of this justly celebrated mansion. It was richly decorated with paintings, and contained a choice collection of books, which, together with the house, and the whole of its valuable furniture, was destroyed by fire, on the night of the 24th of September, 1793. Its present possessor, Pointz Cowdry, Esq. has erected a new brick house in the park, about a mile from the ruins, in which he resides.
Cowdry, Pointz, Esq. 34. (see Cowdry Park)
Cox, B. Esq. 160. (see Old Warren Cottage)
Cox, R. Esq. 159.
Cranbury House, 78, the seat of Lady Holland, is an extensive mansion, commanding some good views of the surrounding country, in which the river Itchin, the Southampton water, and the Isle of Wight, are prominent and interesting features. The home scenery is very fine, and the grounds are enriched by plantations.
Cranford Park, 174, the seat of Lady Berkley. The park is a perfect flat, but abounding with wood, and well watered by the Crane. The house, an ancient building, is situated in an angle of the park near the church: though it commands no variety of prospects, yet, from the distribution of the woods and other embellishments, it may be deemed a pleasant retirement. Cranford is celebrated for game, particularly pheasants.
Crawford, —— Esq. 51.
Crockerhill House, 216.
Crook, —— Esq. 75, 131. (see Kempshot Park)
Crowhurst Park, 22, the seat of J. Pelham, Esq. This mansion is desirably situated in a pleasant park, and commands extensive views of the British Channel.
Cuckfield Place, 50, the seat of the Rev. Mr. Sergison. This mansion stands in a picturesque situation, surrounded with a park. The approach is from the high road to Brighton, by a spacious gravel walk, bordered with noble trees, to the gate-house, which opens into a court leading to the principal entrance of the mansion.
Cuffnells, 92, the pleasant residence of G. Rose, Esq. This interesting spot, surrounded by the sylvan scenery of the New Forest, possesses many peculiar advantages: boldly irregular in surface, and strikingly embellished with stately forest trees, it presents many beautiful landscapes. The house is situated on a rising ground embosomed in wood, in the construction of which domestic comfort appears to have been particularly studied, though exterior elegance has not been altogether forgotten. The conservatory is filled with choice plants; and the library is supposed to contain the finest collection of books in the possession of any private gentleman in the kingdom. Here are also some good portraits.
Cummings, —— Esq. 177. (see Ruscombe House)
Cunningham, Col. 99. (see Maltshanger House)
Curbridge House, 213.
Curtis, Sir Roger, 32. (see Gatcomb)
Danson Park, 2, the seat of John Johnson, Esq. The mansion is a handsome fabric, standing on a commanding eminence, in a pleasant park. The original designs were given by Sir Robert Taylor, but were somewhat departed from in raising the superstructure: on the principal floor are three large and elegant apartments. The grounds were laid out by the celebrated Brown, who also formed a spacious sheet of water in the park, which exhibits some flourishing plantations. The wings of the house were subsequently pulled down, and a large pile of stabling and offices erected.
Darnley, Earl of, 4, 14. (see Bounds, and Cobham Hall)
Day, S. Esq. 204.
Deepdeen, 63, the seat of Thomas Hope, Esq. formerly the residence of the Hon. Charles Howard, who beautified and adorned the grounds with great taste.
Deer Park, 115.
Delme, Mrs. 98, 222. (see Cams Hall)
Denbighs, 63.
Dennison, W. J. Esq. 63. (see Denbighs)
Den Place, 65.
Dewlish House, 108.
Dickenson, —— Esq. 186. (see Pickwick Lodge)
Dickins, —— Esq. 62. (see Vale Lodge)
Digby, Earl, 140. (see Sherborne Castle)
Dillon, —— Esq. 96. (see Hall Place)
Dinnothorne, —— Esq. 128. (see Pennance)
Ditton Park, 175, the seat of Lord Montague. The house is ancient and venerable, surrounded by a moat of water: it stands pleasantly in a fine well-wooded park, and appears to have been built in the reign of James the First. Here is a gallery containing a collection of good pictures. The apartments are elegant and well furnished.
Donhead Hall, 138.
Donnington Castle, 180, the ruins of which only now remain, rearing their ivy-crested tops above the remains of the venerable oaks by which it was once surrounded. It was originally a place of considerable strength and importance, and is rendered famous for its bold defence against the parliament forces in 1644, under the command of the brave and loyal Col. Boys, in which siege it was greatly delapidated, having three of its towers entirely destroyed. It is likewise celebrated for having been the residence of the immortal Chaucer, the parent of English poetry. Immediately contiguous to the ruins is erected a plain modern house, now in the occupation of Col. Stead.
Donnington Grove, 180, the seat of —— Bebb, Esq. The house is a handsome modern building, pleasantly situated on a sloping lawn, screened from the north by a ridge of woody hills, on which the ruined towers of Donnington Castle, o’ertopping its surrounding woods, forms a rich and beautiful back ground. The Lambourne river, which passes through the park in front of the house, has been judiciously enlarged, forming a spacious sheet of water about a mile in length, most tastefully serpentined; and interspersed with islands, which, together with its banks, are ornamented with groves and clumps of trees, affording protection to a vast assemblage of the feathered inhabitants of the lake, which also abounds with fish of various kinds. The grounds are well furnished with wood, and possess every attraction of luxuriant nature shining in all the radiance of tasteful cultivation.
Dorchester, Lady, 176.
Dott, —— Esq. 221. (see Bittern Grove)
Down House, 101.
Downland, 29.
Dumaresq, —— Esq. 95. (see Pelham Place)
Dundas, C. Esq. 181. (see Barton Court)
Dunsboro’ House, 26.
Duporth, 127.
Dyer, Mrs. 216. (see Crockerhill House)
Early Court, 177.
East, Sir William, 176. (see Hall Place)
Edgell, Mrs. 205. (see Standerwick Court)
Edwards, Mrs. 205. (see Charlcott House)
Egremont, Earl of, 38. (see Petworth Park)
Ellis, —— Esq. 179. (see Midgham House)
Elm Bank, 62.
Elvetham, 74, the seat of Gen. Gwynne. This was formerly a place of considerable extent and magnificence, and celebrated from a splendid entertainment given here by the Earl of Hertford to Queen Elizabeth, in the year 1591. The mansion, which had been considerably reduced, and greatly delapidated from neglect, has been lately repaired, and rendered an eligible residence. The park and grounds include an area of about two miles in circumference.
Emley Park, 210.
Englefield House, 178, the seat of Richard Benyon, Esq. This magnificent mansion is situated on the declivity of a verdant hill, sheltering it from the north, and sloping gently thence to a beautiful sheet of water, tastefully arranged in a serpentine form, and ornamented with several woody islands, in which are abundance of wild fowl; the banks of the lake are also rendered most interestingly picturesque by a variety of woody scenery. Beyond this, to the south, a beautiful valley, bounded with swelling hills, delightfully opens to the view, in which the eye with pleasure wanders over the charming variety of woods, interspersed with elegant seats, villages, and cultivated grounds.
Enys, —— Esq. 130.
Errington, —— Esq. 101. (see Red Rice)
Escott House, 115, the seat of Sir John Kennaway, Bart. This is a brick building with stone ornaments, commodious and agreeably situated, and containing some good paintings. The grounds surrounding the mansion (about 500 acres) are judiciously laid out, extremely fertile, and enriched with some very fine timber.
Esher Place, 25, the seat of John Spicer, Esq. This is a handsome modern mansion, situated on an elevated spot, in a spacious park, of which the house commands many beautiful views, and also of the surrounding country.
Estcourt, —— Esq. 199. (see New Park)
Etheridge, —— Esq. 185.
Fair Place, 217.
Falmouth, Lord, 179. (see Woolhampton House)
Farnborough Place, 80.
Farnham Castle, 81, the seat of the Bishop of Winchester. The castle is situated on a hill; its shape is quadrangular, built on the site and with part of the materials which composed the ancient castle, destroyed by order of parliament, in the year 1648. It contains a fine library, and some good paintings. The park is of considerable extent, and extremely pleasant.
Felbridge Park, 56.
Fermanagh, Lady, 2. (see May Place)
Fifehead House, 139.
Fitzhugh, —— Esq. 220. (see Bannisters Lodge)
Fleming, Col. 212. (see South Stoneham House)
Fleming, Mrs. 79, 211. (see North Stoneham Park)
Flower House, 55.
Flower, Miss, 16.
Fonthill Abbey, 163, the seat of William Beckford, Esq. This magnificent mansion, justly considered unique, whether viewed collectively or in its subdivisions, must, in either case excite astonishment and awaken the most delightful sensations. The house, plantations, extent and variety of this beautiful and diversified spot, individually claim our attention alike, and each merits a particular description, which, to enter upon in a work of so limited a nature as the present, is impossible; we therefore confine ourselves to sketching a few of the most prominent beauties of this justly celebrated and truly magnificent seat.
The enclosures measure about seven miles, surrounded by a stone wall, the internal features of which are diversified with a variety of scenic capabilities, and such has been the taste and judgment exercised in the disposition and arrangement of the embellishments, that a journey of twenty-two miles may be made within these gardens without once retracing the same steps; in the progress of which the scenery will be found equally varied, beautiful, and interesting.
An eminence gradually ascending from the open country on the north is covered with woods, some of which are of ancient growth, but the major part consists of modern plantations, descending to a fine enclosed country to the south. From the apex of a hill, embosomed in this luxuriant grove, rises a mansion called the Abbey, crowned with a lofty tower (visible at the distance of forty miles) turrets, pediments, and pinnacles, bearing every external appearance of an ancient monastic edifice. It is composed of a tower in the centre, 276 feet in height, an entrance hall lofty and spacious, and three wings, extending from the tower to the east, north, and south; the exterior elevation of each of these portions is dissimilar to the others, each appropriated to the purposes of a commodious and elegant mansion; the whole adorned in the most costly manner, and enriched with the choicest productions of the fine arts. The view from the top of the tower is of vast extent, including many counties in its circumference, and embracing a variety of charming scenery interspersed with objects beautifully picturesque. Some conception may be formed of the extent and variety of this scene, when it is known that the tower has its base upon an eminence considerably above the level of the top of Salisbury spire; and in the immediate neighbourhood there is no hill of sufficient magnitude to bound the view. On the summit of a lofty eminence, called The Beacon, is a plain of about six acres, intended for the site of a magnificent tower; the foundations of which are entirely laid, and in most parts the walls are raised to the height of nine or ten feet, it is of considerable extent, in form triangular, with a circular bastion at each of its angles.
From the south-east side, near the foot of this hill, a singularly advantageous prospect of the abbey is obtained. Over a long extent of ground, adorned in the most luxuriant and beautiful manner by trees of various foliage, so arranged as not to interrupt the view, this truly magnificent mansion appears, presenting a grand mass of embattled towers, surmounted by the lofty octagon which composes the centre. This charming scene is backed by an elevated woodland of a sombre aspect, which by contrast heightens the striking and brilliant effect of the edifice, and thus renders complete this unrivalled coup d’œil. Descending into the bottom, a fine lake reflects the beauties of the surrounding scene, which is so arranged as to give an idea of even much greater magnitude than it possesses; it is plentifully supplied with waterfowl. Shooting is not allowed within the enclosure, consequently every animal sports undisturbed, and from their number considerably enliven this enchanting place.
The former mansion at Fonthill, which is now taken down, was situated nearly a mile and a half from the present. Fonthill anciently constituted the lordship of the family of the Giffards, and is still called Fonthill Giffard, to distinguish it from a contiguous parish, denominated Fonthill Bishop.
Foote, R. Esq. 9. (see Charlton Park)
Foreman, W. Esq. 1. (see Westcomb Park)
Fort, —— Esq. 209. (see Alderbury House)
Fox Lease, 92.
Froyle Place, 82.
Fuller, —— Esq. 200. (see Neston)
Gage, Lord, 59, 96. (see Plashet Place, and Westbrook House)
Garnier, —— Esq. 97, 213. (see Wickham Corner)
Garston Hall, 55.
Gatcomb, 32.
Gatton Park, 47, 54, the seat of Sir Mark Wood. This mansion stands in the middle of an extensive park, ornamented with wood and water tastefully arranged, and forming a most charming residence.
Gibbons, Sir William, 174. (see Stanwell Place)
Gipps, G. Esq, 9. (see Ileden)
Givens Grove, 62.
Glanville, —— Esq. 124. (see Catchfrench)
Gloucester, H. R. H. the Duke of, 72, 87. (see Bagshot Park and Bolderwood Lodge)
Gloucester Lodge, 171.
Gloucester, H. R. H. Princess Sophia of, 92. (see Ironshill Lodge)
Goodlad, —— Esq. 97. (see Hill Place)
Goodwood, 36, 40, 216, the seat of the Duke of Richmond. The mansion is advantageously situated in a spacious park, commanding extensive and delightful prospects. After a variety of alterations and additions to the present time, this mansion has arrived at a degree of elegance and splendour truly worthy its present noble possessor. The principal front, and the west wing, are new. The former, which faces the south, is only one story high, with a circular tower of two stories, crowned with a low dome at each end. The centre is embellished with a portico of six Ionic columns of Portland stone, which support another of the same number of Doric pillars, surmounted by a ballustrade. Each of the wings, forming obtuse angles with the front, has also a circular tower at its extremity. The apartments are spacious and elegant.
The stables and offices, situated westward of the house, are a handsome quadrangular building, inferior to few in the kingdom. The kennel for the hounds exceeds in magnificence, and conveniences of every kind, any structure, perhaps, ever raised before for a similar purpose. The gardens are extensive, and tastefully laid out. Here is also a magnificent tennis-court. The park contains 2000 acres, in which, on a rising ground, is erected a beautiful pleasure-house, called Cairney Seat: from this building the most magnificent views present themselves. Adjoining the park, on a hill, is a race course, where races are held two or three days, in the latter end of April, or beginning of May.
The lion, carved in wood, which ornamented the head of Commodore Anson’s ship, in which he circumnavigated the globe, is placed on a pedestal, near the Duke of Richmond Inn.
Goring, C. Esq. 66. (see Highden)
Grainger, —— Esq. 49. (see Bridge House)
Grant, —— Esq. 213. (see Park Place)
Grant, J. Esq. 80. (see Windmill Hill)
Graves, Lord, 123. (see Thanks)
Greenwich Park, 1. This spot has been long celebrated as the favourite residence of several of our sovereigns, having a magnificent palace, on the site of which is now erected that most splendid monument of national glory, Greenwich Hospital; the prudence and humanity of which institution confers an immortality of renown on its royal founders, William the Third and Queen Mary. The architect was Sir Christopher Wren, who, after having adapted to his plan the wing of a palace, erected by Charles the Second, in 1696, laid the foundation of the first new building, and the superstructure was completed in two years afterwards. From this period the Hospital has been gradually enlarged and improved, till it has arrived at its present height of splendour and magnificence. Greenwich Hospital is principally built of Portland stone, and consists, in its present state, of four distinct quadrangular piles of building, distinguished by the names of the respective monarchs in whose reigns they were founded or built. The grand front opens on a terrace, skirting the southern bank of the Thames, and extending to the length of 865 feet, in the centre of which is a descent to the river, by a double flight of steps. The ground plot of the whole edifice forms nearly a square, of which King Charles’s building occupies the north-west angle; Queen Ann’s, the north-east; King William’s, the south-west; and Queen Mary’s, the south-east. The interval between the two former buildings forms a square, 270 feet wide, in the middle of which is the statue of George the Second, sculptured by Rysbrach, out of a single block of white marble, weighing eleven tons, which was taken from the French by Admiral Sir George Rooke, and given to the Hospital by Sir John Jennings, governor.
Greenwich Park was disjoined from the palace when the latter was converted into an hospital, and it still continues to be vested in the crown. It contains 880 acres, and was walled round with brick by James the First. The upper part, adjoining to Blackheath, is considerably elevated; and from One Tree Hill and the Observatory, which stands on the site of a tower erected by the good Duke of Gloucester, the prospects are uncommonly fine, particularly of the metropolis, the county of Essex, and the serpentine windings of the Thames, animated by the crowds of shipping that are continually navigating its busy stream. Greenwich Hospital is immediately under the eye; and with the adjacent country and river, and London in the distance, presents as interesting a coup-d’œil as can well be imagined. The park itself affords much rich scenery: it was laid out by Le Nôtre, in the time of Charles the Second, and is planted chiefly with elms and Spanish chesnuts, some of which latter are very large. In one part are remains of various ancient Barrows, most of which were opened, in the year 1784, by Mr. Douglas, author of the “Nenia Britannica.” Among the articles found in them were spear heads, knives, human bones, and hair, fragments of woollen cloth, lumps of iron, and broad-headed nails, with decayed wood adhering to them.
The Ranger’s Lodge, an edifice once splendid, though now greatly delapidated, was the occasional retirement of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham, when prime minister: his wife, the Lady Catherine Pelham, being then Ranger of the park. No other person was appointed to that office till it was given to the Princess of Wales. The Tower in Greenwich Park, which had been erected by Duke Humphrey, after having been rebuilt, and subsequently repaired, was pulled down by Charles the Second, in 1675, who founded on its site the present Royal Observatory. This spot was chosen by the recommendation of Sir Christopher Wren, and the celebrated Flamstead was appointed the first Astronomer Royal, by the advice of Sir Jonas Moore. The king gave £500, and as many bricks as were wanted, from a spare stock at Tilbury Fort, which together with the materials of the old Tower, compose the present building, which was completed in 1676 The present Astronomer Royal is John Pond, Esq. Within the building is a deep dry well, formed for the purpose of admitting observations to be made on the stars in the day time.
Greville, —— Esq. 220. (see Shirley House)
Grove House, 61.
Grove, Mrs. 164. (see Zeals House)
Grove Place, 220.
Gwydir, Lord, 16. (see Langley Park)
Gwynne, Gen. 74. (see Elvetham)
Hack House, 199.
Hackwood Park, 75, the seat of Lord Bolton. The park is very extensive, with a surface boldly irregular, partaking of the beautiful character of the neighbouring chalk downs. The scenery is picturesque, the views being diversified by large groves of the finest forest trees, particularly oak, ash, and beech, interspersed with thorns, beautifully luxuriant and large. The house, which is situated towards the eastern boundary of the park, is encompassed by about 100 acres of pleasure grounds, disposed into lawn, terrace, shrubbery, and a noble wood. Various alterations have been made by Lord Bolton, who has greatly improved the pleasure grounds, by unfettering nature from the restraints imposed by the ancient style of gardening. In short, to enumerate the particular beauties of Hackwood Park, replete with every luxuriant embellishment that can be obtained from a happy combination of nature and art, assisted by soil and situation, would far exceed the limits of this publication. The house was originally a lodge, built in Queen Elizabeth’s time, and used as a place of meeting for the company assembled for the purpose of hawking, and as a banqueting room after the sport was over. This lodge now forms the central part of the building, which, after a variety of additions and alterations, has arrived at its present excellence, being rendered, by the improvements of its noble possessor, a handsome and complete family residence. It contains some good portraits.
Haine Castle, 151.
Haldon House, 117, the seat of Sir Lawrence Palk, Bart. This mansion, which is composed of brick, and stuccoed, was erected about the year 1735: it consists of a centre and two wings, resembling the Queen’s house in St. James’s Park, but smaller. It stands on an elevated situation, and from its principal front commands many extensive and beautiful views. The apartments are handsomely fitted up, and contain some good pictures. The library also contains a valuable collection of books, manuscripts, and a cabinet of medals.
The grounds round the house are extensive, and embellished with plantations. On Pen Hill, a castellated building is erected to the memory of Gen. Lawrence, whose statue ornaments the entrance. The views from this castle, which is three stories high, are extremely beautiful, varied, and extensive.
Hale, —— Esq. 119. (see Ingsdon)
Hales Place, 11, the seat of Sir Edward Hales, Bart. The house stands on a commanding eminence, and consists of a spacious body, and two wings for offices, built of brick, in the Ionic order, with stone jams and cornices. Many improvements have been made here by the present baronet, among which, beautifying the park and grounds forms a conspicuous part, they being of considerable extent, and including much fine scenery.
Hales, Sir Edward, 11. (see Hales Place)
Haling Park, 53, the seat of W. P. Hammond, Esq. Charles Howard, the celebrated Lord High Admiral of Elizabeth, held it by lease of the crown, and died here in 1624. The fine grove in the park contains a great number of choice exotics and ever-greens.
Hall Place, 96, the seat of —— Dillon, Esq. The house is a neat building, pleasantly situated in a small, but elegantly diversified, park, surrounded with woody hills, interspersed with cultivated grounds.
Hall Place, 176.
Hall Place, 99.
Hallet, J. Esq. 8. (see Higham)
Halnaker House, 40, 216, a seat of the Duke of Richmond. The house has been suffered to go to decay; but it is remarkable, as containing two curfews, as old as the reign of William the Conqueror.
Halstead, 17.
Hammond, W. P. Esq. 53. (see Haling Park)
Hampton Court Park, 24. In this park stands a royal Palace, originally built with brick, by Cardinal Wolsey, who set up 280 silk beds for strangers only, and richly furnished it with gold and silver plate; but it raised so much envy against him, that, to screen himself from its effects, he gave it to Henry VIII. who, in return, suffered him to live in his palace at Richmond. Henry enlarged it, and it then consisted of five spacious courts, adorned with buildings, which, in that age, were greatly admired.
Of the splendour of this palace we have few remains. The ancient apartments still standing, having been originally used merely as domestic offices, can convey no idea of the times in which they were built. The principal part of the old palace was taken down in 1690, and the present structure was raised by King William, under the direction of Sir Christopher Wren. The grand façade towards the garden extends 330 feet, and that towards the Thames 328. The portico and colonnade of duplicated pillars, of the Ionic order, at the grand entrance; and indeed the general design of these elevations, are in a superior style of magnificence.
The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace stands, are three miles in circumference. On a pediment, in the front of the palace facing the gardens, is a bas-relief of the triumphs of Hercules over Envy; and facing it is a large oval basin, answering to the form of this part of the garden, which is a large oval, divided into gravel walks and parterres. On the south side of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the Thames, and in which is a fountain, with two grand terrace walks. The entrance to the place is from the town, through four large brick piers, ornamented with the lion and unicorn. Passing through a long court, on each side of which is stabling, we arrive at the first portal, decorated with the heads of the four Cæsars, namely, Tiberius, Vitellius, Trajan, and Adrian. Through this portal we pass into a quadrangle, which leads to a second quadrangle, where, over the portal, is a beautiful clock, by Tompion, on which are the twelve signs of the Zodiac, with the rising and setting of the sun, the phases of the moon, &c. In this quadrangle is a stone colonnade, of the Ionic order, which leads to the great stair-case, adorned with gilt iron balustrades, erected on porphry. This stair-case, with the ceiling, was painted by Verrio. The paintings in the various apartments of this palace are numerous; a guide attends to describe them.
The palace consists of three quadrangles: the first and second are ancient; but the third, comprising the royal apartments, was magnificently built of brick and stone by William the Third. The gardens are in the style which prevailed some years ago, when mathematical figures were preferred to the forms of natural beauty.
At the extremity of the gardens, opposite Thames Ditton, is a lodge, in the possession of the Duke of Kent, as ranger of Hampton Court Park. It is called the Pavillion, and is a neat little structure.
Harden Huish, 185.
Harding, Rev. Mr. 17.
Harman, —— Esq. 3. (see Wombwell Hall)
Harris, —— Esq. 151. (see Haine Castle)
Hartham Park, 186, the seat of —— Joy, Esq. The house is remarkable, as having been built by Lady James, the friend and correspondent of Sterne, who also greatly embellished the park and pleasure grounds.
Hartswood, 48.
Hatchford, 25.
Hatsell, J. Esq. 55. (see Marden Park)
Havelock, —— Esq. 3. (see Ingress)
Hawkins, Sir Christopher, 128. (see Trewithan)
Hawley, Mrs. 74.
Haydon Seat, 189.
Hazel Park, 177.
Heathcote, T. F. Esq. 210. (see Emley Park)
Heathcote, —— Esq. 199. (see South Broom House)
Heathcote, Sir W. 85. (see Hursley Lodge)
Heatherton Park, 194.
Heneage, Mrs. 184. (see Compton Park)
Henley, —— Esq. 23.
Hermitage, the, 4.
Hext, —— Esq. 126. (see Restormel Castle)
Heytesbury Park, 206, the seat of Sir William A’Court, Bart. The mansion is a modern brick building, surrounded with extensive pleasure grounds.
Higham, 8, a small seat in the villa style, the property of J. Hallet, Esq. The house occupies a very pleasant and commanding situation.
Highden, 66.
Hill Place, 97.
Hillier, Mrs. 26. (see Stoke Place)
Hills Place, 65.
Hitchings, James, Esq. 55. (see Garston Hall)
Hoare, G. Esq. 78. (see Twyford Park)
Hoare, Henry, Esq. 46. (see Mitcham Grove)
Hoare, Sir R. C. 172, 173. (see Stour Head House, and the Abbey)
Holland, Lady, 78. (see Cranbury Park)
Holland, Lord, 69. (see Holland House)
Holland House, 69, the seat of Lord Holland, erected in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, is a venerable and stately gothic structure, standing at the summit of a spacious lawn, which gently rises from the road, commanding views over the Surrey hills. The grounds are pleasantly arranged, and well wooded.
Holme Park, 177, the seat of Charles Fysh Palmer, Esq. This is an elegant mansion. The river Thames glides beneath the elevated spot on which the house is situated, and flowing through a beautiful valley, is seen winding between the distant hills, and giving additional lustre to the surrounding country, which is extremely pleasing, and, in many places, picturesque.
Holwood, 16, the seat of —— Pocock, Esq. was purchased of the Barrow’s family by the Right Hon. William Pitt, the celebrated Prime Minister. This was his favourite retirement: the grounds and scenery are extremely beautiful.
Hooley House, 53.
Hope, T. Esq. 63. (see Deepdeen)
Horstead Place, 59.
Howard, R. Esq. 62. (see Ashtead Park)
Hudson, R. Esq. 47. (see Tadworth Court)
Hulton, H. Esq. 221. (see Bevis Mount)
Humphreys, —— Esq. 185. (see Ivy House)
Hungerford Park, 181, formerly the residence of the Barons of Hungerford, but now the seat of —— Willes, Esq. It is a neat mansion, in the Italian style, built on the site of the old house. The lands surrounding the house are mostly cultivated, part of which are laid out in pleasure grounds. The south and west are closed with woods; but to the north the country is open, and the eye ranges over a considerable extent of beautiful scenery.
Hursley Lodge, 85, the seat of Sir William Heathcote, Bart. M. P. This is a substantial spacious edifice, pleasantly situated in a park well stocked with deer, and embracing extensive woods and shrubberies. It was the residence of Richard Cromwell; and, in pulling down the old manor house, on the site of which the present building is erected, the seal of the commonwealth of England was found.
Hurstbourn Park, 100, the beautiful seat of the Earl of Portsmouth. The mansion is situated on elevated ground, commanding various and extensive prospects: it consists of a centre, and two uniform wings, connected by colonnades with the body; the chief apartments are decorated with numerous paintings, by the best masters. The park is well wooded, and abounds with fine deer.
Hyde Park, 69. This park, from its contiguity to the metropolis, is much resorted to by all ranks of the inhabitants, for air and exercise; it possesses some pleasing scenery, and is occasionally used for exercising and reviewing the troops.
Jackson, J. Esq. 79, 91, 221. (see Belle Vue)
Jarrett, —— Esq. 91, 220. (see Freemantle)
Jenner, Robert, Esq. 56. (see Felbridge Park)
Jenning, G. Esq. 88. (see Barnfield)
Jersey, Earl of, 70. (see Osterley Park)
Ilchester, Earl of, 173. (see Redlynch House)
Ileden, 9.
Ingress, 3, the seat of W. Havelock, Esq. (formerly called Ince-grece), occupies an elevated situation, rising from the Thames, and commanding a beautiful view of the river, and of the opposite parts of Essex. This estate has been in the possession of several noblemen and gentlemen, who have all contributed to its splendour, either by additions, or improvements, down to its present possessor. The grounds are extremely beautiful, both in respect to home scenery, and to the more distant prospects which they command: the views from the house are particularly fine. In an elegant summer-house, built in a hollow of the chalk cliffs, are arranged a valuable collection of Roman altars, brought from Italy, together with statues, and other specimens of Roman sculpture, which are placed in different parts of the garden.
Ingsdon, 119.
Johnson, —— Esq. 2. (see Danson Park)
Jolliffe, H. Esq. 54. (see Merstham House)
Jones, Lady, 99. (see Worting House)
Jopp, —— Esq. 94. (see Winkton House)
Jordans House, 168.
Joy, —— Esq. 186. (see Hartham Park)
Ironshill Lodge, 92.
Juniper Hill, 63, the seat of Sir Lucas Pepys, Bart. This is a handsome house, with curious plantations.
Ivy Church House, 209.
Ivy House, 185.
Keith, Lord, 32, 214. (see Purbrook Park)
Kempshot Park, 75, 131, the seat of J. C. Crook, Esq. The house is a handsome brick building, standing in a spacious park, and the ancient seat of the Pink family.
Kennaway, Sir John, 115. (see Escott House)
Kenners House, 152.
Kensington Gardens, 69. These gardens are spacious, and contain some pleasing scenery: they are open for the recreation of the public, under some restrictions. Here is also a palace, which has occasionally been a royal residence. The state apartments are noble, and the different chambers, stair-cases, and balconies, are ornamented with one of the most curious collections of paintings in England.
Kiddbrook, 57, the seat of the Right Hon. Charles Abbott, Speaker of the House of Commons. The house is large, but stands rather low. The park is not very extensive, but is tastefully laid out, and ornamented with water.
King, Lord, 26. (see Ockham Park)
Kingston House, 109, the seat of W. M. Pitt, Esq. erected in the year 1720. The form of the building is a long square, 101 feet by 62; it is situated on a rising ground, open to the north on a fine down, exhibiting views agreeably romantic, enriched by plantations. The grounds are laid out with great taste, assisted by a fine reservoir of water, interspersed with islands, covered with trees and shrubs.
Kingston, Lady, 79, 221. (see Portswood)
Kippington, 18, the seat of Francis Motley Austen, Esq. once the residence of the celebrated Thomas Farnaby, A. M. one of the most eminent schoolmasters that ever lived.
Knowle Park, 18, the seat of Lord Whitworth. The magnificent and immense pile which graces the demesne of Knowl, exhibits specimens of the styles of different ages, though by far the greater part is of the times of the Archbishops Bourchier and Morton. The most ancient is probably coeval with the Mareschels and Bigods, who formerly possessed this domain; the most modern is of the erection of Thomas, first Earl of Dorset, in the beginning of the reign of James the First. Many subsequent improvements have been made, the most considerable of which was by Richard, the fifth earl. The building is of a quadrangular shape, chiefly in the castellated style, with square towers, and two large embattled gateways. This edifice covers a space upwards of five acres in extent: the magnitude and feudal style of the building conveys most forcibly to the mind, the idea of days long since past, when baronial pomp, and romantic chivalry, shone in their meridian splendour; nor is the charm broken on entering the hall, still ornamented with all the paraphernalia of its original decorations. The apartments are splendidly fitted up, but their most attractive ornaments are the invaluable collection of pictures they contain. Among the portraits, which are numerous and well preserved, are many of the principal nobility and statesmen who lived in the reigns of Henry the Eighth and his children: some of them are by Holbein. The collection also contains some of the finest productions of Titian, Corregio, Vandyck, Rembrandt, and Sir Joshua Reynolds. Here is also a fine collection of antique Busts, mostly purchased in Italy by the late Duke of Dorset.
The Park is between five and six miles in circumference, it presents a richly diversified surface, abounds with fine timber and woods, and produces venison of a remarkable fine flavour.
Knowlys, —— Esq. 49.
Lackham, 185.
Lamb, —— Esq. 49. (see Tilgate House)
Lance, —— Esq. 221. (see Chissel House)
Langley House, 175.
Langley Park, 16.
Langton, W. Gore, Esq. 202. (see Newton Park)
Lansdown, Marquis of, 185. (see Bow Wood)
Laverstock House, 100.
Leach, J. Esq. 28, 33. (see Lea House)
Lear, William, Esq. 217. (see Badworth Park)
Leaves, —— Esq. 217. (see Tortington House)
Lee Place, 1.
Leibenrood, J. Esq. 178. (see Prospect Hill)
Lemon, Sir W. 130. (see Carclew)
Leverton, T. Esq. 53, 55. (see Purley House)
Lindsay, Capt. 16. (see Plaistow Lodge)
Little Park, 222.
Liverpool, Earl of, 24. (see Combe House)
Lloyd, T. M. Esq 218.
Lock, —— Esq. 62. (see Norbury Park)
Lockeridge House, 183.
Lockhart, —— Esq. 210. (see Sherfield House)
Long, Right Hon. Charles. 16. (see Warren House)
Longford Castle, 209, the seat of the Earl of Radnor. This ancient Castle, which appears to have been built about the year 1591, and subsequently improved and altered, is situated on the western bank of the River Avon, in an extensive and beautiful park. It is of a triangular shape, with a round tower at each extremity. The building is composed of stone and flint, and was formerly surrounded by a moat, and approached by draw-bridges. The present noble proprietor is now erecting a very large castellated mansion, and the old building is destined to be taken down. Longford Castle has long been distinguished for its valuable collection of pictures, many of which are highly interesting.
Losely, 27, the seat of J. Molyneux, Esq. The house is large, and stands in the middle of a beautiful park: it is composed of stone, and was built about the year 1568. The main body of the mansion faces the north, and has an extensive wing on the west, and on the east is the garden wall, of equal dimensions with the wing, with projections, &c. to correspond. In the centre is a hall, 42 feet long, and 25 broad. The wing contains, on the first floor, a gallery 121 feet long, and 18 wide, which, together with the apartments, contain many good paintings.
Lowther, —— Esq. 84. (see Ovington Place)
Maidman, —— Esq. 97.
Majesty, His, 175. (see Windsor Castle)
Mallet, Sir G. 160. (see Wilbury Park)
Maltshanger House, 99.
Manor House, 159.
Manydown, 99.
Marden Park, 55.
Maresfield Park, 58.
Margason, —— Esq. 67, 218. (see Offington House)
Markwick, W. Esq. 65. (see Den Place)
Marlboro’, Duke of, 70, 177. (see Sion Hill and White Knights)
Marley House, 120.
Marsack, Major, 177. (see Caversham Park)
May Place, 2, the seat of Lady Fermanagh, is a large mansion of the time of James the First, but has been deprived of its original character by modern alterations and additions, made at a considerable expense.
Meade, T. Esq. 205. (see Chatley House)
Merley House, 90.
Merry Oak Farm, 221.
Merrywether, —— Esq. 184. (see Blacklands)
Merstham House, 54.
Methuen, P. Esq. 186. (see Corsham Park)
Middleton, —— Esq. 82, 95. (see Chawton Park)
Middleton, Lord Viscount, 27. (see Pepper Harrow Park)
Midford Castle, 204.
Midgham House, 179.
Midlington Place, 97.
Mildmay, Sir H. C. St. John, 78. (see Shawford House)
Milland House, 29.
Miller, Sir T. 82. (see Froyle Place)
Mills, —— Esq. 94. (see Bistern House)
Milshall Park, 210, the seat of Major Osborne. Here, in 1800, a beautiful Hindoo temple was erected as a tribute to the merits of Warren Hastings, Esq. late Governor General of Bengal. This building is erected of artificial stone, after the chastest models of Hindoo architecture, and profusely ornamented with appropriate embellishments.
Mitcham Grove, 46, the seat of Henry Hoare, Esq. is a pleasant villa, on the bank of the river Wandle: it was purchased by Lord Clive, and presented to Alexander Wedderburn, Esq. afterwards Lord Loughborough, in return for his defence of that nobleman in the House of Commons, from whom it was purchased by its present owner.
Mitchell, Gen. 108. (see Dewlish House)
Molyneux, —— Esq. 27. (see Losely)
Monck, B. Esq. 178. (see Coley Park)
Monkton, 185.
Montagu, Admiral, 217. (see Avisford House)
Montagu, Lord, 175. (see Ditton Park)
Montreal, 17, the seat of Lord Amherst, so called by the late Jeffery, Lord Amherst, K. B. in memory of his success in the reduction of Montreal, in Canada, in the year 1760. This nobleman erected the present elegant mansion, near the site of the ancient residence, which was called Brooks’ Place. A triumphal column, or obelisk, is erected in the grounds belonging to this seat, recording the achievements of the British troops in North America, during General Amherst’s continuance there.
Moor, —— Esq. 116. (see Blue Hayes)
Moor Park, 81, the seat of —— Tinison, Esq. once the residence of Sir William Temple, who, in this retirement breathed his last; and such was his attachment to the spot, that, by his own directions, his heart was buried under a sun-dial in the garden, enclosed in a silver box. The house, a large white edifice, stands on the west side of the park, which, though not very large, is, in many parts, beautifully romantic.
Moraunt, —— Esq. 93. (see Brockenhurst House)
Morden Park, 61, the seat of G. Ridge, Esq. This mansion is a handsome quadrangular building, situated on a rising ground, with extensive pleasure grounds, laid out with considerable taste, and ornamented with two fine sheets of water.
Morgan, —— Esq. 212. (see Botley Grange)
Mount Edgecumbe, 122, the seat of the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe. This truly magnificent mansion is situated on the side of a beautifully wooded hill, in a spacious lawn, bounded with rich old timber, growing down to the water’s edge. From its northern and eastern fronts, it commands extensive, and finely diversified prospects, including Plymouth, the Dock, and the Dock-yard, the citadel, the shipping in the Hamoaze, and the surrounding country, bounded by elevated hills. It was completed in the reign of Queen Mary, and is built of red lime stone, covered with stucco; the door and window cases are of moor stone. Its form is nearly square, with an octagonal tower at each corner, and battlements at the top. The hall occupies the centre of the house, and rises to the second story: this room is fitted up in the Grecian style of architecture, and is handsomely decorated with Doric columns, and pilasters of blue marble, surrounded by an Ionic entablature. The rest of the apartments are equally splendid, containing a number of portraits, and a well-furnished library.
The grounds occupy an area of about three miles in circumference, which includes the whole of the peninsula, formed by the Tamar on one side, and the open sea on the other, and connected by a very narrow isthmus to the main land.
The deer park is on the summit of the hill, and, besides the views described, the house commands extensive prospects southward, over Cawsand Bay and the Channel. The Eddistone Light House is also visible in the horizon. At the principal western entrance of the park stands the parish church of Maker, the views from the tower of which are nearly unparalelled for their variety and picturesque grandeur. The southern side of the hill is an abrupt rocky cliff, covered with every sort of ever-green tree and shrub, among which myrtles thrive with great luxuriance, and grow to an extraordinary size. A terrace, midway up the hill, runs through the midst of these plantations; and a walk, in a zigzag direction down the rocks, conducts to numerous points of view, exhibiting an extraordinary variety of romantic scenery, which is equally beautiful in all seasons of the year. The flower garden is at the bottom of the lawn, in front of the house, close to the water’s edge, which, being the narrowest part of the channel that forms the entrance to the harbour, ships of war of the first rate pass close to it. In this garden stands a block house, built for the defence of the port at the time of the expected invasion by the Spanish Armada, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; and below it is a saluting battery of twenty-one guns. This garden is divided into French and English flower gardens, with a green-house, magnificent orangery, &c. The whole of these extensive, and eminently beautiful grounds, have been laid out under the directions of the several proprietors, without the assistance of a landscape gardener.
Mount Edgecumbe, Earl of, 122. (see Mount Edgecumbe)
Mount Nod Farm, 52.
Mount Pleasant, 13.
Muntham, 67, the seat of —— Walker, Esq. A capacious mansion, surrounded by a pleasant park, once the residence of William Frankland, Esq. celebrated for his skill in mechanics and natural philosophy.
Murray, Col. 87. (see Castle Malwood Cottage)
Murrell, —— Esq. 61.
Neale, —— Esq. 200. (see Shaw House)
Nelson, Earl, 209. (see Standlinch House)
Nep Castle, 65, the seat of Sir C. Burrell. This estate derives its name from the ruins of a castle, some small remains of which are still to be seen near the road.
Neston, 200.
Neville, Hon. G. 55. (see Flower House)
Newburgh, Earl of, 42, 216. (see Slindon House)
New Hall, 209.
Newland, —— Esq. 95. (see Rotherfield Park)
Newnham, R. Esq. 58. (see Maresfield Park)
New Park, 199, the seat of Thomas Estcourt, Esq. The house is a modern building, situated on rising ground, thence commanding a beautiful and extensive view. In front of the house is a deer park, enriched by woods most naturally and beautifully disposed, on a surface offering every variety of shape and appearance, consequently presenting the most unbounded versatility of natural landscape.
New Park, 93.
New Place, 84.
New Place, 217.
Newton Park, 202.
Norbury Farm, 53.
Norbury Park, 62, the seat of —— Lock, Esq. This seat, one of the most beautiful in the county, stands on a hill commanding extensive and delightful prospects. The sides of the principal rooms are painted with views of the romantic mountains and lakes in Cumberland and Westmoreland, which are so managed as to have the appearance of being a continuation of the surrounding scenery. The park is extensive, and agreeably diversified, embellished with plantations, &c. This park is remarkably famous for containing a great number of very fine walnut trees.
Norfolk, Duke of, 44, 65, 217. (see Arundel Park and Hills Place)
Nork House, 47.
Norman, —— Esq. 16.
Norris, —— Esq. 95. (see Basing Park)
North Stoneham Park, 79, 212, the seat of Mrs. Fleming. The mansion is an old building, seated rather low, but has been much improved and enlarged. The park is extensive, and well wooded; it abounds with deer; and at the upper end has a pleasant summer-house, from which the prospects are very fine.
Northumberland, Duke of, 70, 152. (see Sion House and Werrington House)
Norton Hall, 188.
O’Brien, —— Esq. 109. (see Stinsford House)
Ockham Park, 26.
Offington House, 67, 218, the seat of William Margason, Esq. is a low building of stone, plain in the front, with small wings. The grounds surrounding it are enclosed with a stone wall, and contain some good timber.
Ogle, Sir C. 77.
Old Place, 217.
Old Warren Cottage, 160.
Onslow, Mr. Serjeant, 26. (see Send Grove)
Onslow, Rev. C. W. 26. (see Dunsboro’ House)
Orkney, Lady, 176. The seat of this lady is an ancient building, which, from its situation on an eminence, commands a fine prospect of the Thames, and the adjacent country. The park, stored with rich woods, is rendered beautifully picturesque by its inequality of surface.
Orr, Capt. 209. (see Brickworth)
Osborne, Major, 210. (see Milshall Park)
Osterley Park, 70, the seat of the Earl of Jersey. The house is a magnificent structure, of a square form, having a tower at each outward angle. The ascent to the east front is by a grand flight of steps, to an open saloon, or portico, which leads to the principal door of the hall. The apartments are spacious, fitted up in the most sumptuous and costly manner, and contain a good collection of pictures. The park is about six miles in circumference; it abounds with wood, and its grounds are beautifully disposed, the effect being considerably heightened by a charming lake, which is inhabited by a great variety of water fowl. On the margin of this lake stands an elegant menagerie, containing a large collection of exotic and curious birds; and the scenery on its banks, from the variety and arrangement, give it an appearance beautifully picturesque.
Ovington Place, 84.
Oxenden, Sir H. 9. (see Broom Park)
Padworth House, 179, the seat of R. Clark, Esq. This is a noble mansion, and from its situation, standing on elevated ground, commands many extensive and beautiful prospects. The house is well sheltered by wood, and the grounds have an easy slope to the meadows in the valley, through which the limpid Kennet winds its course, adding considerable beauty to the landscape, as seen in various points of view.
Pains Hill, 25, the seat of the Earl of Carhampton. These beautiful grounds were formed by the Hon. Charles Hamilton; a considerable part of which was taken from the barren heath. The south side is a bank above the river Mole, which runs at the foot of it. Availing himself of the inequalities of the land, his plantations were made, and buildings placed with the utmost judgment; a spacious piece of water was also formed, which, though considerably above the level of the river, is supplied from it by an ingenious, though simple contrivance. The present edifice is a handsome white building; the front, which is facing the river, is adorned in the centre with a pediment, supported by four columns, and bowed sides. The beauty and unexpected variety of the scene; the happy situation, elegant structure, and judicious form of the buildings; the flourishing state, uncommon diversity, and contrasted grouping of the trees, and the contrivance of the water, will not fail to excite the most agreeable sensations.
Palk, Sir Lawrence, 117. (see Haldon House)
Palk, W. Esq. 120. (see Marley House)
Palmer, —— Esq. 177. (see Holme Park)
Palmerston, Lord, 86, 211, 220. (see Broadlands Park)
Park House, 160.
Park Place, 213.
Parker, —— Esq. 117. (see Whiteway)
Parnell, —— Esq. 188. (see Woodbarrow House)
Paultons Park, 86, the seat of Hans Sloane, Esq. The house stands in a rather secluded situation; but the park, embracing a circumference of about five miles, is beautifully wooded, and interspersed with spacious lawns.
Pavilion, the, 51, 60, 219, H. R. H. the Prince Regent. This mansion is fitted up with all the assistance of taste and art. It is situated near the north-west of the Steyne, Brighton, and was erected in 1784, having a handsome sea front, extending 200 feet, in the centre of which is a circular building, having a lofty dome raised on pillars, two wings were lately added to the fabric, which now renders its proportions complete. The interior is fitted up with the utmost magnificence, and the furniture is mostly Chinese. Towards the street the front forms a square, with a colonade in the centre, supported by columns, looking over a green, formerly the road. On the north side of what was formerly called the Promenade Grove, a magnificent building has been lately erected, in the centre of which is a lofty dome, fitted up as stabling for the Prince Regent’s stud. On the eastern side is a racket-court, on the west a riding house, and on the north coach houses and stabling for the coach and saddle horses, elegantly finished in the Chinese style.
Pearce, —— Esq. 181. (see Chilton Lodge)
Pelham, J. Esq. 22. (see Crowhurst Park)
Pelham Place, 95.
Pembroke, Earl of, 136, 208. (see Wilton House)
Pender, Admiral, 185. (see Harden Huish)
Penn, J. Esq. 175. (see Stoke Park)
Pennance, 128.
Penruddock, J. H. Esq. 137. (see Compton House)
Pepper Harrow House, 27, the seat of Lord Viscount Middleton, stands in a beautiful park, through which runs the river Wey. The grounds, which are finely wooded, have been considerably enlarged and improved by its present noble possessor, who finished the mansion began by the late Lord, who died in 1765. It stands on a bank sloping to the river, sheltered on the north and east by elevated grounds, crowned with luxuriant plantations. The apartments are elegantly fitted up, and enriched with a valuable collection of pictures. The library contains a choice assemblage of the best authors. The conservatory is to the west of the house, fronting the south, near the bank which overlooks the river. The offices are most judiciously concealed by plantations.
Pepys, Sir Lucas, 63. (see Juniper Hill)
Peters, H. Esq. 63. (see Beechworth Castle)
Petworth Park, 38, the magnificent seat of the Earl of Egremont. The mansion stands close to the town of Petworth, the back front opening into the church-yard. It was erected on the site of the ancient house by the Duke of Somerset. The front of free stone, adorned with statues on the top, is singularly handsome, forming an uniform range, having twenty-one windows in each story. The interior arrangements are remarkable for magnificence and elegance, all the principal apartments being decorated with paintings, antique statues, and busts, many of which are of first-rate excellence.
The park is very extensive, the wall being upwards of twelve miles in circumference. In the front of the mansion is a sheet of water, formed with the springs collected from the neighbouring hills, from which, by a simple and ingenious contrivance, every part of the building is abundantly supplied, as well as the whole town of Petworth, with excellent water; this improvement was effected at an expense of £30,000. In case of fire, from the arrangement made in the mansion, an immediate and plentiful supply of water can be obtained, which, without the assistance of engines, may be thrown in profusion on any part of the building; and the Earl’s domestics occasionally practice throwing the water, in order to be expert in case of necessity. This park commands views picturesquely varied, extensive, and delightful, both in home scenery, and on the beautiful Downs of Sussex and Surrey; and it is also well stocked with game.
This noble seat is a beautiful specimen of those which combine the elegant with the useful; great improvements having been made therein, particularly that of enclosing the present deer park, which previously was an entire forest scene, overspread with bushes, furze, some timber, &c. Every part of the park has been drained in the most effectual manner, and the whole of it inclosed and divided into proper fields. It is thoroughly well stocked with Sussex, Devon, and Herefordshire cattle, and flocks of the South Down, Spanish, Leicester, and Romney breeds. Besides which, his lordship has imported the Calmuck and Astrakan breed, whose chief peculiarity is, that, instead of a tail, they have a large projection of fat, like marrow, of exquisite delicacy. His lordship has also the shawl goat of Thibet, from the fleece of which those beautiful manufactures of the east are fabricated.
Pickering, —— Esq. 92. (see Fox Lease)
Pickwick Lodge, 186.
Pitt, W. M. Esq. 109. (see Kingston House)
Place House, 150.
Plaistow Lodge, 16.
Plashet Place, 59.
Pleydell, E. M. Esq. 108. (see Whatcomb House)
Pocock, —— Esq. 16. (see Holwood)
Pocock, Lady, 176.
Pole, Sir W. 114. (see Shute Park)
Polhill, G. Esq. 17. (see Chipstead Place)
Poltimore House, 197.
Portall, W. Esq. 100. (see Laverstock House)
Porter, —— Esq. 116. (see Rockbere House)
Portman, E. B. Esq. 107. (see Brianston)
Portsmouth, Earl of, 100. (see Hurstbourn Park)
Portswood, 79, 221, the seat of Lady Kingston. The house is a handsome building, which, from its situation on an eminence, commands fine views of the surrounding scenery, beautifully diversified with wooded meadows rising in the agreeable variety of hill and dale, among which the river Itchen, and the Southampton water, forming a spacious lake in the front of the mansion, are the most striking features. The pleasure grounds are laid out with great taste, and the shrubberies are extensive.
The house, externally, has an elegant appearance; and the interior is commodious, ornamented in a style of chaste simplicity, enriched with some fine paintings.
Powlett, G. Esq. 159. (see Amport Park)
Priory, the, 47, the seat of Lord Somers. This is a large house, formerly a priory, beautified with plantations, and a large sheet of water, and surrounded with hills, which render the prospect very romantic.
Prospect Hill, 178.
Purbrook Park, 32, 214, the seat of Lord Keith. The mansion is a handsome building, with detached wings and offices, advantageously situated in a spacious park.
Purvis, —— Esq. 222. (see Black Brook)
Radnor, Earl of, 209. (see Longford Castle)
Randall House, 62, the seat of —— Bland, Esq. stands on the bank of the river Mole, in a pleasant park of about sixty acres.
Rashleigh, C. Esq. 127. (see Duporth)
Rawlinson, —— Esq. 84. (see New Place)
Redhead, —— Esq. 94. (see Burton)
Redlynch House, 173.
Red Rice, 101, the seat of Henry Errington, Esq. The house is delightfully embosomed in woods, surrounded by open downs.
Restormel Castle, 126. The mouldering ruins of this celebrated and once magnificent fortress, rearing its ivy-clad walls above the contiguous valleys, has a most picturesque and venerable appearance. It was once a royal residence, and afterwards long inhabited by the Earls of Cornwall, though now only tenanted by the owl, and similar inmates. The castle and honour of Restormel is annexed to the Duchy of Cornwall; but the mansion formerly connected with the estate, and still bearing the name of Restormel, is the property of Lord Mount Edgecumbe, and in the occupation of John Hext, Esq.
Rhode, Major, 16.
Richardson, Mrs. 67.
Richings Lodge, 175.
Richmond, Duke of, 36, 40, 216. (see Goodwood and Halnaker House)
Richmond Park, 24. This park was enclosed and planted by Charles the First, having purchased the rights of common on the wastes of the respective parishes to whom they belonged. The park contains 2,253 acres, enclosed with a brick wall. The rangership is in the hands of the King; and the Deputy Ranger is the Countess Dowager of Mansfield.
The new, or stone lodge, built by George the First, was given by his present Majesty, in 1802, for life, to Viscount Sidmouth, with sixty acres of land round it. The park also contains several other lodges.
Rich, Sir C. 220. (see Grove Place)
Ridge, G. Esq. 61. (see Morden Park)
Riversdale, Lord, 176.
Roch Court, 98.
Rockbere House, 116.
Rocks, the, 58.
Rooksnest, 55, the seat of —— Wilkes, Esq. a handsome mansion, with about 150 acres of land, 140 of which are laid out as a park.
Roper, T. Esq. 1. (see Lee Place)
Rose, G. Esq. 92. (see Cuffnells)
Rotherfield Park, 95.
Roundham House, 220.
Rucker, —— Esq. 23.
Ruscombe House, 177, the seat of —— Cummings, Esq. This is an elegant modern building.
St. John, —— Esq. 99. (see Ash Park)
Saltonstall, Miss, 25. (see Hatchford)
Saltram, 122, the seat of Lord Boringdon. This mansion is said to be the largest in the county, covering an area 135 feet by 170. The principal suit of apartments is on the ground floor, which are elegantly fitted up, and adorned with an extensive and valuable collection of pictures; the upper apartments are also embellished with a number of fine drawings, by the most celebrated ancient masters, and many good portraits.
The grounds possess many singular attractions: an extensive diversity of landscape and massy wood, Plymouth Sound, the Town, Citadel, Mount Edgecumbe, the Sea, and Harbour, with its endless variety of amusement. The internal beauties of Saltram are also extremely numerous: a bold irregularity of surface characterises the grounds, and renders the variety unceasing. Myrtles are here seen flourishing all the year in the open air, and oranges and lemons are brought to maturity, and produce ripe and perfect fruit.
Sanderson, R. Esq. 53. (see Norbury Farm)
Sandford, —— Esq. 193.
Sargent, J. Esq. 39. (see Wool Lavington)
Savernake Lodge, 182, a seat of the Earl of Aylesbury. A neat modern building, situated in the midst of the forest; it was erected as a residence for the present proprietor, when Lord Bruce. Savernake Forest is the only one in the kingdom belonging to a subject; it embraces an extent of ground about sixteen miles in circumference, including Tottenham Park, the family seat. The whole of which is richly wooded, among which are some remarkably fine oaks.
Sclater, —— Esq. 99. (see Tangier)
Scotland, —— Esq. 159. (see Manor House)
Scott, Sir W. 177. (see Early Court)
Selsey, Lord, 36. (see Cannon House)
Send Grove, 26.
Sergison, Rev. Mr. 50. (see Cuckfield Place)
Serle, —— Esq. 211. (see Chilworth House)
Shawford House, 78.
Shaw House, 180, the seat of Sir Joseph Andrews. This is a large edifice, built with brick and stone, and is celebrated for having been the head quarters of Charles the First, at the time of the last battle of Newbury. In an oak wainscot in one of the rooms, is a hole, said to be occasioned by a musquet shot fired through one of the windows at the King, while standing near it. It is an ancient mansion, much enclosed by wood.
Shaw House, 200.
Shelly, Sir T. 218. (see Castle Goring)
Sherborne Castle, 140, the beautiful seat of Earl Digby, is a singular structure, both in external appearance, and the arrangement of the interior, having been erected at different periods, under different proprietors. The ground plan resembles the Roman letter H. The centre part, which is the most ancient, was built by Sir Walter Raleigh. The apartments contain several portraits, and a painting, representing the celebrated procession of Queen Elizabeth. The park, containing 340 acres, is finely wooded; and from the variety of its grounds, water, &c. is justly celebrated for its picturesque beauty.
Sherfield House, 210.
Shillinglee Park, 38.
Shirley House, 220.
Shockerwick, 186.
Shuldham, —— Esq. 115. (see Deer Park)
Shute Park, 114.
Sion Hill, 70, an elegant little villa belonging to the Duke of Marlborough. The house is a handsome building, and the grounds pleasant and well wooded.
Sion House, 70, a seat belonging to the Duke of Northumberland. The approach to this mansion from the road is ornamented by a beautiful arch, with an open colonnade, and a handsome lodge on each side, forming an elegant piece of architecture. Sion House derives its name from a monastery, founded by Henry the Fifth, the walls of which, with some alterations, still remain. This magnificent structure is built of stone, in the form of a hollow square, having at each angle a square tower, considerably higher than the intermediate parts of the building: the roof is flat, surrounded by embattled turrets, and the east front is supported on arches, forming a noble piazza. It is most charmingly situated in a spacious lawn, on the northern bank of the Thames, diversified by a pleasing variety of woody scenery, and commanding fine views of the royal gardens of Richmond. The apartments are spacious, fitted up and decorated in the antique style, and are worthy of notice by the curious. The great hall is two stories high, ornamented by antique marble figures, standing on pedestals.
Sion House, 114.
Slab House, 189.
Slindon House, 42, 216, the seat of the Earl of Newburgh. At the north end of a well-wooded park, stands this noble old mansion, on a fine eminence, commanding a magnificent view of the sea to the south, Chichester Cathedral, and numerous other objects. The internal arrangements are judicious, and the decorations appropriate, with some good paintings, chiefly portraits. Here is also an elegant chapel, and a well-furnished library.
Sloane, Hans, Esq. 86. (see Paultons Park)
Smith, W. Esq. 78. (see Bambridge)
Somers, Lord, 47. (see The Priory)
South Broom House, 199.
Southwick Park, 214.
Speke, W. Esq. 168. (see Jordans House)
Spencer, Earl, 23. (see Wimbledon Park)
Spicer, J. Esq. 25. (see Esher Place)
Spring Grove, 70, a neat house, the summer residence of Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society, and celebrated for his great knowledge in botany.
Spy Park, 185, the seat of Col. Thornton. Near the south-west extremity of the park, on lofty ground, stands the house, commanding a fine and distant prospect. The structure itself is old, but it is ornamented with a modern front. It is remarkable as having been once the property and residence of the celebrated Earl of Rochester.
Stalbridge Park, 140.
Standerwick Court, 205.
Standlinch House, 209. (now) Trafalgar Park, the seat of Earl Nelson. This edifice is built of brick, composed of a centre and two wings. The pleasure grounds are extensive, abundantly supplied with wood, and bounded on one side by the river Avon, which greatly heightens the beauty of the scenery. In this neighbourhood are some delightfully diversified and extensive views.
Stanhope, Earl, 17. (see Chevening)
Stanmer Park, 60, the seat of the Earl of Chichester. This mansion is a plain stone edifice, consisting of a centre and two wings, which together form three sides of a square. The principal front, facing the east, projects in the centre, and is terminated with a pediment. The mansion encloses a quadrangular court on the side towards the pleasure grounds. The park is laid out with much taste and judgment, but the wood is chiefly young plantations.
Stanwell Place, 174.
Stawell, Lord, 81.
Stead, Col. 180. (see Donnington Castle)
Stirling, —— Esq. 62. (see Thorn Croft)
Stinsford House, 109.
Stockton House, 207.
Stoke Park, 175, the seat of John Penn, Esq. one of the most charming residences in this part of the country. The house is built with brick, and covered with stucco: it consists of a large square centre, with two wings. The north front is ornamented with a colonnade, and approached by a flight of steps leading to the marble hall. The south front, 196 feet in length, is also adorned with a colonnade, above which is a projecting portico, sustaining an ornamental pediment. This mansion combines exterior magnificence with internal elegance and convenience, and is enriched with some good pictures. The park, though rather flat, commands some fine views, and is laid out with considerable taste.
Stoke Place, 26.
Stone Castle, 3, the seat of R. Talbot, Esq. originally a castellated dwelling; but a small square tower, now standing at the east end of the present mansion, is the only part that has any appearance of a fortress.
Stone Quarry House, 57.
Stour Head House, 172, the seat of Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart. The mansion was erected about the year 1721, by Henry Hoare, Esq. ancestor of the present possessor. Various alterations have subsequently been made, among which the erection of two wings, in 1798, are the most considerable, the one of which is appropriated to a picture gallery, and the other to a library; and, together with the other apartments, contain an exceedingly valuable and choice collection of paintings, drawings, books, and curiosities.
The pleasure grounds of Stour Head have an exalted claim to our attention, being replete with sylvan beauties, and picturesque varieties. The scenery, naturally grand and diversified, consisting of ridges of hills, deep narrow vallies, and rivulets, has been most judiciously cultivated. The sides and summits of the eminences are clothed with wood; one of the vallies is filled with water, by means of an artificial dam; and the woods and groves are enlivened throughout with walks, temples, seats, &c. From the house a close avenue of laurel hedges leads to the brow of a precipice, beneath which is seen the village church, and a few neat cottages in a dale; beyond it another hill rises equally rapid, covered with wood. From this spot a path, winding through a fine plantation, conducts to a spacious lake, which, though formed by art, presents a beautifully wild and diversified appearance, in some places, forming narrow creeks, and at other parts spreading its expansive bosom “to the garish eye of day.” In many parts it is enveloped in hanging woods, through which several temples appearing, greatly increase the beauty of the coup-d’œil. The description here given can convey but a very faint idea of the numerous beauties contained in these extensive and truly delightful gardens.
Within the grounds is an encampment of a circular form, consisting of a double ditch and vallum, with entrances towards the east and west: it occupies the entire ridge of a hill, and from the precipitous nature of the ground on all sides, must have been of considerable strength. The area within the outer ditch embraces an extent of seven acres, and its circuit is upwards of three furlongs. Near this entrenchment rises the Stour river, contiguous to the springs of which the ground ascends, rising westward to the summit of a considerable eminence, called King’s Settle, on which stands a lofty tower, built in honour of Alfred the Great, by Henry Hoare, Esq. grandfather to the present proprietor of Stour Head. Its form is triangular, with round towers at each corner, and it is one hundred and sixty feet high: a flight of steps on the inside leads to the top, which commands a most extensive and richly diversified prospect. Over the entrance is a statue of the Saxon Prince, with a tablet underneath, bearing the following inscription: “Alfred the Great, A. D. 879, on this summit erected his standard against Danish Invaders. To him we owe the origin of Juries, and the Creation of a Naval Force. Alfred, the light of a benighted Age, was a Philosopher and a Christian, the Father of his People, and Founder of the English Monarchy and Liberties.” Westward of this tower is an immense tumulus, denominated Jack’s Castle, which, when opened, was found to contain some burnt bones, with a small lance head of brass, and an axe, made of Sienite stone. The latter in a very perfect state.
Stover House, 118.
Stratton Park, 76.
Streatham Park, 52, late Mrs. Piozzi.
Stretfield, R. T. Esq. 58. (see the Rocks)
Sulhampsted House, 178.
Sullivan, Right Hon. John, 175. (see Richings Lodge)
Sutton Place, 26, the seat of J. W. Weston, Esq. This structure, which was built about the year 1530, is composed of brick, finished with a double sculptured plat band of a yellowish brick, running round the top, with coins and window cases of the same; and, according to the style of the time in which it was built, is a handsome building. The form is quadrangular, encompassing an area of near eighty feet square; the principal entrance being by a gateway, having a lofty hexagonal turret at each angle, with coins of the yellow brick above mentioned, alternately charged with R. W. and a Tun, being a quaint device for the name of the builder, R. Weston. The north side of this edifice is entirely occupied by a hall, 50 feet long, 25 wide, and 31 high. The present owner has made great improvements in the house and grounds.
Tadworth Court, 47.
Talbot, R. Esq. 3. (see Stone Castle)
Talbot, Sir C. H. 63. (see Chart Park)
Tangier, 99.
Templar, —— Esq. 118. (see Stover House)
Temple, Earl, 84. (see Avington Park)
Tessier, L. Esq. 62. (see Woodcott Park)
Thanks, 123.
Thiselthwayt, —— Esq. 214. (see Southwick Park)
Thorn Croft, 62.
Thornton, Col. 185. (see Spy Park)
Thoyts, —— Esq. 178. (see Sulhampstead House)
Tilehurst Place, 178.
Tilgate House, 49.
Tilney Hall, 74.
Tinison, —— Esq. 81. (see Moor Park)
Tortington House, 217.
Townsend, Henry Hare, Esq. 27. (see Busbridge Park)
Tregrehan, 127.
Trelawny, Capt. 124. (see Coldrinick)
Trewithan, 128, the seat of Sir Christopher Hawkins. The mansion is spacious, and advantageously situated on elevated ground, commanding some very extensive views.
Tucker, —— Esq. 113. (see Coryton House)
Turner, —— Esq. 214. (see Bedhampton Place)
Twyford Lodge, 78.
Ugbrook House, 118, the seat of Lord Clifford. This mansion is situated on the declivity of an eminence: its form is quadrangular, with two fronts and four towers, with battlements, and it is rough casted. The apartments are spacious, elegant, and most superbly decorated, assisted by a valuable collection of pictures. The library contains an ample and choice collection of ancient and modern books. The grounds surrounding this mansion are upwards of seven miles in circumference, containing every variety of object that constitute beautiful scenery, happily blended, and forming one of the most enchanting spots imaginable. On an eminence, in these grounds, is the remains of a Danish encampment, of an eliptic shape, surrounded with a trench, and overhung with majestic oaks, from whence the most noble and extensive prospects are obtained. To attempt a particular description of the internal beauties of this demesne, would, from the limits of our work, be absolutely impossible.
Upland House, 222.
Upper Gatton House, 47, is a handsome mansion, standing on a hill, surrounded by a park of about 100 acres.
Upton House, 220.
Uxbridge, Earl of, 140. (see Stalbridge Park) (see Marquis of Anglesea)
Vale Lodge, 62.
Verst, 112.
Waddington, —— Esq. 213. (see Cold Harbour)
Walcot, —— Esq. 94.
Wales, H. R. H. the Princess Charlotte of, and H. S. H. the Prince of Saxe-Cobourg, 25. (see Claremont Park)
Walker, —— Esq. 67. (see Muntham)
Walker, —— Esq. 217. (see Angmering Park)
Walsham, —— Esq. 62.
Ward, —— Esq. 61. (see Grove House)
Wardour Castle, 138, the beautiful seat of the noble family of Arundel. This magnificent mansion is situated on a gentle eminence, surrounded by a lawn and thick woods, about a mile from the site of the ancient castle, now only presenting a mass of ivy-crowned ruins, having been destroyed in two sieges which it sustained in the reign of Charles the First: the first, against a detachment of the parliament forces, 1300 strong, under Sir Edward Hungerford, with a garrison, consisting of only 25 men, under the command of the Lady Blanch, Countess of Arundel (daughter of the Earl of Worcester), who, bravely opposed every effort of the enemy to obtain possession of the fortress, during a vigorous bombardment of five days, and at length surrendered upon the most honourable terms. It was afterwards besieged by the royal army, under the command of the Earl of Arundel and Sir Francis Doddington. From the injuries sustained in these sieges, the castle became uninhabitable, and afterwards, being totally neglected, the all-defacing hand of time has completed its destruction, leaving not sufficient now remaining to ascertain even its extent and arrangement. The site of these ruins is beneath a hill covered with wood, the summit of which commands some beautiful and distant views. Approaching the new mansion by the principal entrance to the grounds, on the road between Salisbury and Shaftesbury, it is discovered in the bosom of a thick grove, and at length majestically bursts upon the view. The building is composed of free stone, consisting of a centre and two wings, projecting from the body on the north side, in a curvilinear form. The entrance towards the north is handsomely ornamented with pilasters and half columns, of the Corinthian order: this entrance opens into a spacious hall, which conducts to the rotunda stair-case, allowed to be the finest specimen of ornamental architecture in the kingdom. The apartments are numerous, spacious, and elegant, decorated in the most costly style, enriched with an extensive and valuable collection of paintings, and many curious specimens of carved work. In the west wing of the house is the Chapel, which is most superbly and appropriately embellished. The grounds are diversified by much inequality of surface, richly ornamented by numerous plantations, and interspersed with several spacious sheets of water, most tastefully and happily blended. To the south-east the ruins of the old castle are seen, over the venerable walls of which the mantling ivy most luxuriantly spreads its never varying foliage, presenting in the view from the house, an object strikingly beautiful in this most picturesque and delightful scene, which is terminated by a fine hanging wood.
Warren House, 16.
Webster, Sir Godfrey, 22. (see Battle Abbey)
Wellesley, W. Pole Tilney Long, 74. (see Tilney Hall)
Werrington House, 152, a seat of the Duke of Northumberland. The house is desirably situated in a well-wooded park, commanding views richly diversified and expansive. In front of the house are two structures, intended as architectural ornaments; one is an artificial ruined castle, and the other a triumphal arch.
Westbrook House, 96.
Westcomb Park, 1, the seat of W. Foreman, Esq. This is an ancient manor, and the house commands some fine prospects.
West Grinsted Park, 65, the seat of W. Burrell, Esq. The house is a handsome stone building.
Westmorland, Earl of, 141. (see Brympton House)
Weston, J. W. Esq. 26. (see Sutton Place)
Whalley Smythe Gardiner, Sir James, 98. (see Roch Court)
Whatcomb House, 108.
Wheble, James, Esq. 177. (see Woodley Lodge)
White, —— Esq. 85. (see Amfield House)
White House, 173.
White Knights, 177, the seat of the Duke of Marlborough. The house is a plain white building, situated nearly in the centre of the grounds, which are divided by an irregular sheet of water into pasture and arable lands. The borders of this lake are rendered extremely beautiful, the lawns which slope gently to its margin being adorned with groves of trees. An avenue of fine elms leads to the gate at the entrance of the park, from Reading. The grounds are so disposed, as at proper openings to admit the most enchanting views of the surrounding country, which, from this spot, is peculiarly interesting. Here nature, improved by the hand of art, presents a most beautiful specimen of the mixture of the agreeable with the useful.
Whiteway, 117.
Whitworth, Lord, 18. (see Knowle Park)
Wilbury Park, 160, the seat of Sir C. Mallet, Bart. The house is composed of stone, built in the reign of Queen Ann, comprising a centre and two wings corresponding. Internal convenience appears to have been more studied in the construction of this mansion, than external splendor. It is well screened with wood, forming a striking contrast to the almost steril downs of Salisbury Plain, of which this demesne once formed a part; but by human industry and skill, it is now rendered fertile, covered with luxuriant and flourishing plantations, and replete with sylvan beauties.
Wilkes, —— Esq. 55. (see Rooksnest)
Willes, —— Esq. 181. (see Hungerford Park)
Willett, —— Esq. 90. (see Merley House)
Wilmot, —— Esq. 80. (see Farnborough Place)
Wilson, Lady Spencer, 1. (see Charlton House)
Wilton House, 136, 208, the seat of the Earl of Pembroke. This edifice is a large and extensive pile, situated in a beautiful park; but from having been erected at different periods, the styles of architecture are very dissimilar. The present noble proprietor has considerably enlarged and improved the mansion. The approach is through a triumphal arch, which is surmounted by a bold equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. In an extensive gallery, and other apartments, are deposited a choice and valuable collection of ancient sculpture and paintings. The park is ornamented with plantations, and through it flows a fine stream of water, judiciously widened in places, forming beautiful lakes, embellished with woody islands. It also possesses the advantage of elevated ground, from whence many picturesque views are obtained.
Wiltshire, —— Esq. 186. (see Shockerwick)
Wimbledon Park, 23, the seat of Earl Spencer. The house is a handsome edifice, finished in 1801, advantageously situated, commanding beautiful and extensive views. The park, which contains 1200 acres, is planted and laid out with great taste, adorned with a sheet of water which covers fifty acres.
Winchester, Bishop of, 81. (see Farnham Castle)
Windmill Hill, 80.
Windsor Castle, 175. This magnificent pile, either viewed as a fortress, or Royal palace, can never fail to excite the most lively interest in the spectator; advantageously situated on the summit of a commanding hill, environed by the most luxuriant and beautifully diversified country imaginable; through which the pellucid Thames, alike celebrated for beauty and utility, winds its serpentine course, laving the foot of the hill on which stands this noble palace, truly worthy to be the residence of a British Monarch, which honourable distinction, with little interruption, it has enjoyed since the reign of its founder, William the Conqueror, to the present time.
In a work like this, the object of which is general information, more than particular description, a minute detail cannot be entered into, on a subject sufficient to form a work in itself; replete with every variety of nature and art. The importance of Windsor Castle, as a fortress, save in appearance, is entirely superseded, the remaining appurtenances of which appear to be retained merely as objects of ornament. The most remarkable part of the building is The Keep, or Round Tower, built on a lofty artificial mount, in the centre of the castle. The beauty and variety of the views from the summit of this building, extending over a boundless landscape, enriched with the most luxuriant and highly cultivated scenery, are almost indescribable.
Thomson.
On a board placed near the summit of the tower, the names of the following counties, which are from thence seen, are inscribed: Middlesex, Essex, Herts, Bucks, Berks, Oxford, Wilts, Hants, Surrey, Sussex, Kent, and Bedford. The dome of St. Paul’s is also plainly distinguishable on a clear day.
The state apartments are magnificent, and fitted up in a superb style of elegance. The furniture is rich; many of the ceilings are finely painted; and a great number of pictures, by the most eminent masters, adorn the different chambers, among which are the celebrated Cartoons of Raphael.
The little park occupies the north and east sides, under the terrace of the castle. It is about four miles in circumference: its grounds are composed of a pleasing inequality, diversified by groupes of stately trees, and other woody scenery, extending to the village of Datchet, and declining towards the Thames.
Windsor Park, 71, denominated Great, to distinguish it from the park contiguous to the Castle. This park is about fourteen miles in circumference, and since its reversion to His Majesty (on the death of the late Duke of Cumberland), has undergone alterations which render it at once a scene of beauty and utility, 1400 acres being appropriated to the purposes of experimental farming; and the remaining 2400 acres, which together constitute the area of the whole, is laid out in the most judicious manner possible, well stocked with deer, and comprising every other requisite necessary to render it worthy of its royal possessor. Towards the southern extremity of the park is a beautiful and extensive piece of water, over which is an elegant stone bridge, which, together with the water, considerably enlivens and adds dignity to the whole.
The royal forest, making a circuit of about 56 miles, abounds with deer, and every other species of game, and is possessed of every attraction for the sports of the field, which, with the manly exercises of the chase, has been the favourite amusements of many successive Kings of England.
Winkton House, 94.
Winterton, Earl of, 38. (see Shillinglee Park)
Wither, —— Esq. 99. (see Manydown)
Wombwell Hall, 3, the seat of —— Harman, Esq. The grounds surrounding the house are most tastefully disposed, and do great credit to Mr. Repton, the landscape gardener.
Woodbarrow House, 188.
Woodbridge, —— Esq. 48.
Woodcot Park, 62.
Woodlands, 1. This mansion was erected, and the grounds laid out, about the year 1772, by John Julius Angerstein, Esq. The front of the building displays a handsome portico, with statues and basso-relievos at the sides: the interior is very tastefully fitted up, and contains a small but well chosen collection of pictures. The grounds are extremely pleasant; the views of the river, and of the adjacent parts of Essex and Kent, are very fine. The Botanic Garden has been recently improved by the erection of a new green-house, &c. and now contains one of the most extensive collections of curious plants and heaths in the kingdom.
Woodley Lodge, 177.
Wood, Sir Mark, 47, 54. (see Gatton Park)
Woolhampton House, 179, the seat of Lord Falmouth, is a good mansion, standing on an elevated spot, but well screened with woods. From many parts of the grounds belonging to this seat, a great variety of pleasing rural scenery is presented to view. The sides of the hills are composed of steep and bold irregularities, shelving into deep and solemn vallies, beautifully adorned by a variety of woody scenery, intermixed with farms and cottages, and varied by extensive prospects.
Wool Lavington, 39, the seat of John Sargent, Esq. the author of “The Mine,” a poem, which has conferred on him a merited rank among the modern sons of Genius and Taste.
Upon his marriage with the heir of the ancient families of Garton and Orme, he rebuilt their former residence in a style of great accommodation and elegance.
It lies at the foot of an acclivity called Duncton Hill, which, at a very small distance from the house becoming precipitous, is closely matted with low wood, or alternately bare and open, which harmonises with the richly cultivated valley beneath. The view towards the north commands the rising ground terminating with Tillington and Petworth, when it becomes indistinct, and is lost in the weald country of Sussex.
Wooton Court, 9, the seat of Mrs. Bridges, is finely situated on an eminence. The house, crowned with wood, makes a conspicuous figure to the traveller. The grounds are picturesque, and are well varied with hill and valley.
Worrall, —— Esq. 63.
Worting House, 99.
Wray, —— Esq. 220. (see Upton House)
Wyndham, —— Esq. 96.
Ximenes, Sir M. 177. (see Bear Place)
Zeals House, 164.
END OF INDEX TO THE COUNTRY SEATS.
It is obvious, from the common occurrences of human life, that in the account of Seats, the Proprietor’s names must ever be subject to inaccuracy; but the author can with confidence assert, that up to the period of publication, every possible means has been adopted to obtain the most accurate information on the subject. As in some few instances, however, a difference will be found to occur, in the name attached to the Seat upon the Map, and that mentioned in this Index, the latter must be adopted as the name of the present Proprietor.
The first Column contains the Distance from London; then follows the Name of the Place and County in which it is situate, the Figures of the Page where it will be found, and a Description of the same, together with the Number of Houses and Inhabitants.
In stating the distances, the fractional parts are dropt, where they do not amount to three quarters of a mile; where they do the quarter is added: thus Bromley, which in the rout (page 16) appears to be nine miles and three quarters from London, is given in the Index as ten: where the same place occurs more than once, the difference of distance is not noted, the first distance only being set down; but it may be instantly seen by turning to the page.
N. B. In this Index the Cities are printed in Capitals, as BATH; the Boroughs and Market Towns in small Capitals, as Dorchester; and every other Place, or object in print, as Bagshot.
| Dist. | A. |
| 66 | Abbots Ann, Hants, 101, a parish and market town, containing 85 houses, and 457 inhabitants. |
| 71 | Abbots Wood, Hants, 85. |
| 72 | Abbots Wood Common, Hants, 86. |
| 68 | Acol, Kent, 12. |
| 176 | Adderwater, Devon, 147. |
| 203 | Alder, Devon, 151. |
| Alderbury, Wilts, 209. This village is pleasantly situated on a healthy hill, in a good sporting country. In 1777 a fire here destroyed 100 houses. It now contains 78 houses, and 430 inhabitants. | |
| 104 | Alfred’s Tower, Wilts, 172, a monument erected to Alfred the Great, who, in 878, fixed his standard against the Danish invaders on this spot. (See Index of Seats, Stourhead House) |
| 135 | Allington, Dorset, 111. A parish containing 63 houses, and 716 inhabitants. |
| 174 | Alphington, Devon, 117. A parish containing 98 houses, and 845 inhabitants. |
| 57 | Alresford, Hants, 83. A parish and market town. The name signifies the Ford of Alre. The river on which it is situated now called the Itching, rises at no great distance. The church, a very neat structure, with a beautiful tower, was taken down and rebuilt in 1753. The parsonage house is a handsome edifice, rebuilt by the late Chancellor Hoadley. Here is a large pond, covering near 200 acres of ground, which being well stocked with swans, and other water fowl, presents a pleasing appearance. It contains about 196 houses, and 1132 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday. |
| 220 | Alternan, Cornwall, 153. |
| 47 | Alton, Hants, 82, 95. A market town and parish, situated on the river Wey. The town consists of three streets; the principal one is wide and modern, and it has a small neat church. Its chief manufactures are druggets, serges, and a variety of worsted goods; in the neighbourhood are several hop plantations. The market is on Saturday, and the parish contains 375 houses, and 2026 inhabitants. |
| 48 | Alton Buffs, Hants, 82. |
| 122 | Alvington, Somerset, 141. |
| 78 | Amesbury, Wilts, 161. A market town
and parish, pleasantly situated in an open
country on the river Avon; and is of some
antiquity, having the ruins of a venerable
abbey. The town consists principally of two streets, the church standing in the intersection. It contains 397 houses, and 2130 inhabitants. Market on Friday. This place gave birth to the celebrated Mr. Addison. The neighbourhood produces the best kind of clay for tobacco pipes, and the river a delicious little fish, called a loach. Near Amesbury is a Roman camp (see Vespasian’s Camp), and about two miles distant is Stonehenge, which attracts numerous travellers here. The true origin of this stupendous structure yet remains a matter of doubt; it is a subject on which our antiquarians widely differ in opinion, but the majority have pronounced it to be the ruins of a Druidical temple. Seventeen huge stones are now standing, which, with seven others lying on the ground, form the outward circular, or oval range: the inward circle is about eight feet from the outward one, and has eleven stones standing, and eight fallen; between these two circles is a walk of about three hundred feet in circumference, the appearance of the whole from which is singularly awful and surprising. The stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from six to seven broad, and about three feet thick; round it are numerous barrows, covered with earth, raised chiefly in the form of a bell. Many of those which have been opened have contained human skeletons, urns, and military weapons. From Stonehenge an avenue about half a mile long, between two ditches, leads to the Cursus, which is two miles in length, and enclosed by two ditches, three hundred and fifty feet asunder, having a bank, or long barrow, at each end. Dr. Stukeley fixes the date of the erection of Stonehenge, four hundred and sixty years before Christ. |
| 79 | Amesbury, Little, Wilts, 161. (Population included with Amesbury) |
| 70 | Amfield, Hants, 85. |
| 121 | Amphitheatre, (commonly called Maumbury)
Dorset, 171. This amphitheatre is
allowed to be the most perfect of its kind
remaining in England. It is situated on a
plain in the open fields, and is raised on
the solid chalk upon a level; the jambs at
the entrance are somewhat worn away.
Half the work is above five feet and a half
under the surface of the ground; probably
it was framed of solid chalk, cemented
by mortar made of burnt chalk, and covered
with turf. This amphitheatre consists of about an acre of ground, and is supposed to have been made under the government of Agricola. The number of spectators it was capable of accommodating is computed at near 13,000. The views from the top of the mound are extensive, including Poundbury, Maiden Castle, and the southern hills covered with barrows. |
| 64 | Andover, Hants, 101, 159. A borough and market town; it is a healthy and populous place, carrying on a considerable traffic in shalloons, malting, &c. and sends two members to parliament. On two hills in the neighbourhood are the appearance of Roman encampments. The market house is a handsome modern building, standing in a large open square; over it is the council room, in which the public business is transacted. The church is an ancient structure. It has a market on Saturday, and contains 657 houses, and 3304 inhabitants. Four miles distant is held the celebrated annual fair of Weyhill, being the largest in England for cattle, sheep, hops, cheese, &c. and lasts fourteen days from the 10th of October. |
| Angmering, Sussex, 217. A parish containing 79 houses, and 708 inhabitants. | |
| 66 | Ann, Little, Hants, 101. |
| 95 | Ansty, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 50 houses, and 242 inhabitants. |
| 221 | Anthony, Cornwall, 123. A parish containing 254 houses, and 1795 inhabitants. |
| 170 | Appledore, South, Devon, 195. |
| 117 | Arno’s Vale, Somerset, 203. |
| 61 | Arundel, Sussex, 44, 217. A borough and market town, seated on the side of the river Arun, over which is a bridge; and the river is navigable for barges. Here stands on a hill, Arundel Castle (see Index of Seats). The town is delightfully situated on the declivity of a hill, and is a borough by prescription, so ancient as to be mentioned in King Alfred’s will. In the church are four stately monuments of the Earls of Arundel. Here formerly was an harbour capable of containing ships of 100 tons burthen, though it is now much ruined by the sea. Arundel sends two members to parliament; has a market on Wednesday and Saturday, and contains 334 houses, and 1855 inhabitants. |
| Arundel Coverts, Sussex, 217. | |
| 52 | Ash, Hants, 99. A parish containing 14 houses, and 95 inhabitants. |
| 191 | Ashburton, Devon, 119. A borough and market town, standing in a valley nearly encompassed with hills. Here is a handsome church, built in the form of a cathedral; on the cross is a large square tower, 90 feet high, over which is a small spire; it was once collegiate, and part of the stalls are now standing. Ashburton sends two members to parliament, and is one of the four stannary towns of Devon, (the other three being Chigford, Plympton, and Tavistock), having several good tin and copper mines in the neighbourhood, which are very productive; it has also a manufactory for serge. The town gives the title of baron to the family of Dunning. It has a market on Tuesday and Saturday; and contains 370 houses, and 3080 inhabitants. |
| 52 | Ashcomb, Sussex, 60. |
| 136 | Ashcot, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 71 houses, and 358 inhabitants. |
| 33 | Ashdown Forest, Sussex, 57. |
| Ashfield, Hants, 220. | |
| 47 | Ashington, Sussex, 66. A parish containing 28 houses, and 173 inhabitants. |
| 92 | Ashley Cross, Hants, 88. |
| 101 | Ashley Green, Wilts, 186. |
| 102 | Ashley Wood, Wilts and Somerset, 186, 201. |
| 16 | Ashstead, Surrey, 62. This village is delightfully situated near the spring of the Epsom Wells, and contains 91 houses, and 552 inhabitants. In the church are some handsome monuments. Here King Charles the Second was entertained, and the table is still preserved on which he dined. |
| Ashton Gifford, Wilts, 207. (Population included with Codford St. Peter’s) | |
| 131 | Askerwell, Dorset, 111. This village is pleasantly situated in a vale, enclosed on all sides with high hills. It contains 30 houses, and 170 inhabitants. |
| 129 | Askerwell Down, Dorset, 111. |
| 99 | Atford, Wilts, 200. |
| 98 | Atford Common, Wilts, 200. |
| 181 | Atherleigh Mill, Devon, 196. |
| 254 | Austle, St. Cornwall, 127. A market
town, in the environs of which are several
tin mines, and quarries of porcelain clay,
which is sent to Liverpool, Bristol, and
Staffordshire, for the potteries. The church is an ancient massy building; about the tower are many curious ornaments and decorations. The market, which is held on Friday, is well supplied with all kinds of provisions. It contains 663 houses, and 3788 inhabitants. |
| 81 | Avebury, Wilts, 183, 198. This village contains 115 houses, and 590 inhabitants, and is remarkable for the stupendous remains of a Druid’s temple, being a collection of huge stones, like that on Salisbury Plain. (see Druidical Temple) |
| 80 | Avenue, The, Wilts, 161. (see Amesbury) |
| 62 | Avington, Berks, 181. A parish containing 13 houses, and 57 inhabitants. |
| Avisford Hill, Sussex, 217. | |
| 96 | Avon, Hants, 94. |
| 114 | Avon Mills Bridge, Somerset, 202. |
| 146 | Axminster, Devon, 113, 144. A market town, deriving its name from the river Axe, on which it stands: and the minster, or monastery, erected here by Athelstan for seven priests to pray for the souls of those killed in his army, when he defeated the Danes in the neighbouring field, which is still called King’s Field. The town is clean and neat, and reckoned very healthy. Here is a considerable manufactory for broad and narrow cloth, but more particularly for carpets; also for cotton tapes, druggets, leather breeches, and gloves. The market, reckoned the first in the county, is held on Saturday. It contains 456 houses, and 2387 inhabitants. |
B. |
|
| 119 | Babylon Hill, Dorset, 141. |
| Badsley Common, Hants, 211. | |
| 26 | Bagshot, Surrey, 72. This place is famous for its excellent mutton brought here from the Hampshire Downs; it was formerly called Holy Hall; and here our kings had a house and park, which was laid open after the civil wars: the church was rebuilt in 1676, after having been destroyed by lightning. It contains 182 houses, and 1136 inhabitants. |
| 21 | Bagshot Heath, Surrey, 72, is mostly a barren desert, but upon its borders are a great number of handsome seats. |
| 21 | Bailies, Bucks, 175. |
| 228 | Bake Lane End, Cornwall, 124. |
| 186 | Bakes, Devon, 148. |
| 141 | Balay Down, Dorset, 145. |
| 5 | Balham Hill, Surrey, 45. |
| Ball’s Hut, Sussex, 216. | |
| 211 | Bamham, Higher, Cornwall, 152. |
| 211 | Bamham, Lower, Cornwall, 152. |
| 15 | Bansted Common, Surrey, 47. |
| 12 | Bansted Downs, Surrey, 46. This is one of the most delightful spots in England, having a command of prospect for 30 miles round, including a view of the royal palaces of Windsor and Hampton Court, London and Westminster. The turf here is of the most beautiful verdure, intermixed with thyme and other fragrant herbs, which renders the mutton fed upon the Downs particularly sweet. On these Downs is Epsom Race Course, much frequented in the season. In the neighbourhood are many elegant seats. |
| 41 | Bapchild, Kent, 6. This village contains 48 houses, and 224 inhabitants. In the church window are many remains of painted glass, particularly of the arms of the see of Canterbury. On the north side of the road are the remains of the building which was used as a resting place by the pilgrims who visited St. Thomas à-Becket’s shrine at Canterbury. |
| Bapton, Wilts, 207. (Population included with Fisherton de la Mere) | |
| 87 | Barford, Wilts, 136. A parish containing 91 houses, and 450 inhabitants. |
| 88 | Barford Heath, Wilts, 136. |
| 59 | Barham Downs, Kent, 8. A most delightful spot, where the Canterbury races are annually held in August. The course has been extended from two to four miles, and a handsome building erected for the accommodation of the visitors. |
| 185 | Barn, New, Devon, 148. |
| 96 | Barn, New, Wilts, 137. |
| 230 | Barron Down, Cornwall, 155. |
| 126 | Barrows, Somerset, 142. |
| 45 | Basingstoke, Hants, 75, 99, 131. A market town of some antiquity, pleasantly situated in a fine open country. The church is ancient; near it stands a free school, and it has also three charity schools, one of which is supported by the Skinners’ Company of London. The remains of the chapel of the Holy Ghost stands on a considerable eminence near the town; it was formerly a fine edifice, richly ornamented with scriptural pictures. The town has a manufactory of druggets and shalloons, and has a good market house, and a town hall over it, where the sessions are held twice a year, and the magistrates meet weekly. It contains 501 houses, and 2589 inhabitants, and the market on Wednesday is very considerable for provisions, corn, and cattle. |
| 106 | BATH, Somerset, 187, 201, 204. The
city of Bath is justly esteemed the most
elegant town in England. The hot baths,
from which it derives its name, were
known in the Roman times; nor was their
celebrity lost even in the dark period of
Anglo Saxon history. But the town has
been greatly enlarged and decorated in the
last century. The waters are used both
internally and externally, chiefly in gout,
bilious, and paralytic cases, being frequented
twice in the year, what is called
the spring and autumnal seasons. Two-thirds
of the company are attracted merely
by amusement, society, and dissipation;
in all of which it is only second to London.
But so great are the attractions of this
celebrated spot, and the reputation of
these waters has so much increased, that
Bath has become the constant residence,
not only of many opulent invalids, but
also of numerous votaries of pleasure. The baths consist of the King’s, the Queen’s, the Cross, the Hot, the Corporation, and the Duke of Kingston’s Baths. The taste of the water is pleasant, impregnated with a vitriolic principle, which yields, upon evaporation, a small portion of neutral salt, with a calcareous earth and iron. At the King’s Bath is a handsome pump room, where the company drink the waters in the morning, and where an excellent band of music enlivens the scene. The amusements of this gay city are various, rational, and well conducted. They consist chiefly of assemblies, balls, concerts, card parties, and public breakfasts; besides the theatre. There are two sets of assembly rooms, termed the Upper and Lower, where the amusements are alternately held: the former of these stands on the walks leading from the Grove to the Parade; and the latter, on the east side of the Circus. The city, except a little opening to the east and west, through which the Avon passes, is surrounded on all sides by hills. It has an elegant bridge, and the river has been made navigable to Bristol. It was formerly surrounded with a slight wall, of which there still appears some remains, as well as one or two of its gates. Most of the new buildings, and by far the largest and finest part of the city, are without the walls, particularly Queen Square, in the midst of which is a garden, with gravel walks, and an obelisk in the centre; but a principal ornament is the Circus, the houses of which are built on a uniform plan, with three openings at equal distances, leading into as many streets. The fronts of the houses are adorned with three rows of columns, in pairs, of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, and the frieze embellished with sculpture. In the centre is a reservoir of water, filled from springs rising in the neighbouring hills. On the north and south sides of the town are the north and south parades, paved with hewn stone, raised upon arches, having an elegant row of houses on one side, and a stone balustrade opposite. Among the late improvements of Bath, the Royal Crescent forms a striking feature, standing upon an eminence. Behind the crescent is St. James’s Square, which, with Landsdown Crescent, Catherine Place, Rivers Street, &c. enjoys every advantage of air, prospect, and scenery. Orange Grove, between the Abbey Church and the lower rooms, is a beautiful open area, planted with rows of elms, &c. The Guildhall is situated in the high street. Here is a noble infirmary, or general hospital, for the sick and lame from all parts of the kingdom. It is 100 feet in front, and 90 in depth, capable of containing 150 patients. It was built in 1738, by William Pulteney, afterwards Earl of Bath. The monastery here, of which the cathedral was the church, was a truly venerable pile; the other churches are St. James, St. Michael, the Abbey Church, or St. Peter and St. Paul, Walcot, and Christ’s Church. There are several chapels and meeting houses, as well as hospitals, almshouses, and charity schools. Bath is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen, twenty common council, and a town clerk; sends two members to parliament; and, joined with Wells, forms a bishoprick, called the diocese of Bath and Wells. The number of aldermen, out of which the mayor and two justices are chosen, is not to exceed ten, or be less than four: and out of the common council are yearly elected two bailiffs, or sheriffs, and two constables. The senior of the common council is always the chamberlain. The markets are here principally on Wednesday and Saturday, and are plentifully supplied with all kinds of provision: excellent mutton is produced from the feed on Lansdown, one of the highest hills which overlooks the city, about three miles in extent, on which is annually held, on the 10th of August, a fair for horses, cheese, and all kinds of merchandise. The fish market, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, far excels that of any inland town in the kingdom. Bath contains 4279 houses, and 31,496 inhabitants, exclusive of the out parishes of Bath Hampton, Bathwick, Bathford, and Batheaston, which contain 670 houses, and 4514 inhabitants. |
| 104 | Batheaston, Somerset, 187, 201. (For Population see Bath) |
| 103 | Bathford, Somerset, 186, 201. A Roman pavement was discovered here, in the seventeenth century, in digging a cellar. (for Population see Bath) |
| 104 | Bath Hampton, Somerset, 187, 201. (for Population see Bath) |
| 154 | Bath Pool, Somerset, 193. |
| 106 | Bathwick, Somerset, 187, 201, 204. (For Population, see Bath.) |
| 5 | Battersea Rise, Surrey, 23. |
| 56 | Battle, Sussex, 22. A market town
and parish. The old name of this place,
was Epiton, but it took its present
appellation from the famous battle of
Hastings, gained by William the Conqueror
over Harold, in 1066; the Conqueror
having first landed near Pevensey,
a few miles distant. In memory of this
victory, William founded here a celebrated
abbey, called Battle Abbey; one of those
religious houses which had, anciently, the
privilege of sanctuary. From its remains,
it appears to have been very magnificent,
being near a mile in circumference; its
abbot was mitred. The gate-house is entire
and is now converted into a place
for holding the sessions, and other public
meetings. On one part of the site of the
abbey stands a mansion, belonging to Sir
Godfrey Webster, called the Abbey. (See
Index of Seats) The town stands in a valley, and is reckoned rather unhealthy from its situation. Near this town is Beacon Hill, formerly called Standard Hill, where the standard of the Conqueror was first planted. There are several powder mills in the neighbourhood; and the town has been long famous for the best gunpowder in Europe. The weekly market is on Thursday, which, till 1600, was held on Sunday; it has also a very large market on the second Tuesday in every month. It contains 291 houses, and 2040 inhabitants. |
| 142 | Bawdrip, Somerset, 192. A parish containing 51 houses, and 244 inhabitants. |
| 106 | Bayford, Somerset, 165. |
| 233 | Beacon Hill, Cornwall, 155. |
| 75 | Beacon Hill, Wilts, 160. |
| 166 | Beam Bridge, Somerset, 194. |
| 197 | Bearah, Devon, 120. |
| 28 | Bear Green, Surrey, 63. |
| 45 | Bears In Gate, Sussex, 66. |
| 81 | Beckhampton, Wilts, 184, 198. A tything to the parish of Avebury, containing 18 houses, and 99 inhabitants. |
| Beckington, Somerset, 205. This village contains several streets, and was formerly of considerable importance, particularly in the manufacture of woollens; some of which are still made here. The houses are built of stone, in number 247, containing 1469 inhabitants. | |
| 13 | Bedfont, Middlesex, 70. A parish containing 82 houses, and 456 inhabitants. |
| Bedhampton, Hants, 214. A parish containing 52 houses, and 305 inhabitants. | |
| 87 | Bedhampton, Wilts, 162, 207. |
| Bedhampton, Little, Wilts, 207. | |
| 68 | Bedwin, Little, Wilts, 182. A parish containing 81 houses, and 428 inhabitants. |
| 194 | Beer Bridge, Devon, 149. |
| 200 | Beggars Bush, Devon, 120. |
| 276 | Belle Vue, Cornwall, 130. |
| 240 | Belovely, Cornwall, 156. |
| 82 | Bemerton, Wilts, 136, 208, (Population included with Fugglestone) |
| Bemont, Wilts, 209. | |
| 57 | Benges Wood, Sussex, 39, 42. |
| 42 | Bentley, Hants, 81. Here is an extensive hop plantation, and the hamlet contains 94 houses, and 504 inhabitants. |
| 42 | Bentley Green, Hants, 81. |
| 62 | Bere Forest, Hants, 31. |
| 233 | Berry Tower, Cornwall, 155. |
| 68 | Bersted, South, Sussex, 41, 42. This village contains 94 houses, and 737 inhabitants. |
| 84 | Berwick Down, Wilts, 161. |
| 93 | Berwick, St. Leonard’s, Wilts, 163. A parish containing only 8 houses, and 36 inhabitants. |
| 11 | Bexley Heath, Kent, 2. |
| 188 | Bickington, Devon, 119. A hamlet and chapelry to the parish of Ashburton, containing 40 houses, and 243 inhabitants. |
| 202 | Bidlake, Great, Devon, 151. |
| 202 | Bidlake, Little, Devon, 151. |
| 123 | Bincomb Down, Dorset, 171. |
| 57 | Binderton, Sussex, 36. A hamlet containing 4 houses, and 53 inhabitants. |
| Birch Wood, Hants, 210. | |
| 16 | Birch Wood, Surrey, 47. |
| 86 | Bishops Cannings, Wilts, 198. A parish containing 212 houses, and 1108 inhabitants. |
| 93 | Bishops Fonthill, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 39 houses, and 194 inhabitants. |
| 158 | Bishops Hull, Somerset, 194. A parish containing 96 houses, and 683 inhabitants. |
| 56 | Bishops Sutton, Hants, 83. A village containing 60 houses, and 379 inhabitants. |
| 202 | Bittaford Bridge, Devon, 121. |
| 117 | Black Castle, Somerset, 203. |
| Black Dog, Wood, Wilts and Somerset, 205. | |
| 111 | Blackford, Somerset, 165. A village, containing 26 houses, and 159 inhabitants. |
| 5 | Black Heath, Kent, 1. Situated on the
South side of Greenwich; a most beautiful
spot, commanding extensive prospects
over the adjacent country and the river
Thames, having a full view of the Ranger’s
house in the park, Greenwich hospital, the
new docks at Poplar, a multitude of
shipping, and a distant view of the metropolis;
it was on this plain that the Kentish
rebel, Wat Tyler, mustered 100,000
men. In the park is the Royal Observatory
for the King’s astronomers, to which there
is a steep ascent on all sides except one,
and it has a deep dry well for observations
in the day time. On the right
stands Morden College, built by Sir John
Morden, for decayed Turkey merchants;
and in the neighbourhood are many beautiful
villas In 1780, a cavern was discovered on the side of the ascent to Blackheath by the Dover road, consisting of seven large rooms, from 12 to 36 feet wide; the whole range having a communication by arched avenues: some of these apartments have large conical domes, 36 feet high, supported by a column of chalk, 43 yards in circumference; the bottom of the cavern is 50 feet from the entrance, and at the extremities 160 feet, the descent to which is by a flight of steps; the sides and roofs are also rocks of chalk, and the bottom a fine dry sand. 170 feet under ground is a well of clear water, 27 feet deep. |
| 187 | Blackpool, Devon, 118. |
| 103 | Blackstone, Dorset, 139. |
| 30 | Blackwater, Hants, 73. |
| 104 | Blandford, Dorset, 107. A market
town and parish, pleasantly situated on the
river Stour, near the Downs; its principal
manufactures consist of thread, and shirt
buttons. The town is very ancient, and appears to have been a settlement of the Britons long before the arrival of the Romans. It gave the title of Marquis to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, which has still descended in the family; and formerly sent members to parliament. The church is a neat structure, in the Grecian style. The streets are handsome, and the houses in general well built of brick. It has suffered more by fires than any other town in England. Blandford contains 405 houses, and 2326 inhabitants; and has a market on Saturday, which is well supplied. |
| 101 | Blandford Race Course, Dorset, 107. |
| 250 | Blazey, St., Cornwall, 127. A township to the parish of St. Austle, situated upon an inlet from the Sea, and containing 87 houses, and 467 inhabitants. |
| 222 | Blerack, Cornwall, 123. |
| 24 | Blindley Heath, Surrey, 56. |
| 74 | Blockhouse, Hants, 98. |
| 44 | Bloom End, Berks, 178. |
| Bodenham, Wilts, 209. A parish containing 50 houses, and 221 inhabitants. | |
| 233 | Bodmin, Cornwall, 155. A borough and
market town, standing almost in the centre of
the county, between two hills. This place appears
to have been very considerable some
centuries past; having a bishop’s see erected
here by King Edward, in 905: but, during
the Danish wars, translated to St. Germain’s,
and afterwards to Kirton in Devonshire,
and thence to Exeter, where it remains.
It sends two members to parliament,
which it has done ever since the
reign of Edward the First. The town
consists chiefly of one long street, running
east and west for nearly a mile; the church
is an ancient fabric, but the spire was
destroyed in 1699 by lightning. The
summer Assizes, and Michaelmas Quarter
Sessions are held here, and the
new county gaol and bridewell, form a
handsome building, well situated for the
health of the prisoners, and built after the
Howardian plan. There is a remarkable well near the town, the water of which is heavier than most others; and will keep pure the greater part of a year. In the neighbourhood are some monumental stones, called the Hurlers, supposed to be the remains of a Druid’s temple, they stand on a down in three circles. This place is noted in history for being the head quarters of Perkin Warbeck, who styled himself the son of Edward the Fourth; and here Humphrey Arundel, governor of St. Michael’s Mount, in the reign of Edward the Sixth, collected an army of 10,000 men. It has a good market on Saturday, well supplied with corn and all kinds of provisions. Bodmin contains 325 houses, and 2299 inhabitants. |
| 234 | Bodmin Down, Cornwall, 155. |
| 223 | Bodmin Moor, Cornwall, 154. |
| 235 | Bodwanic, Cornwall, 155. |
| 70 | Bognor, Sussex, 41, 42. This village is much frequented in the summer season for sea bathing. It is an extensive assemblage of modern brick buildings, without any regular plan; which originated with the speculation of the proprietor, the late Sir Richard Hotham. It has a new assembly room near the sea, and a very neat modern chapel. |
| 88 | Bolbury, or Bilbury Rings, Wilts, 162. This encampment occupies a point of Down, projecting from the great ridge, and is supposed to be of British origin. It is defended on the east by double, and on the west by triple entrenchments; the outward one being very broad and flat. The exterior vallum is 990 yards in circuit, and the ramparts 20 feet high, including an area of seventeen acres and a quarter; within which is another work of an irregular form. Many British and Roman antiquities have been here discovered. It has several entrances, some of which appear to be of modern formation. |
| Boreham, Wilts, 206. (Population included with Warminster.) | |
| 252 | Boscovean, Cornwall, 127. |
| 50 | Bosenden Wood, Kent, 7. |
| Bosham, Sussex, 215. This village stands
on the east point of land at the entrance
of Bosham Creek. The only thing worthy of notice in this place is the church, a spacious Gothic building, erected at the expence of the bishop of Exeter, in 1119, in the reign of Henry the First. It was made collegiate for a dean and prebendary, and enjoyed many privileges till the general dissolution, when it was made parochial. The stalls are still standing, over which are some curious ancient carving, |
|
| Bosham Creek, Sussex, 215. | |
| Bosham Pound, Sussex, 215. | |
| Botley, Hants, 212. A parish containing 98 houses, and 614 inhabitants. | |
| 49 | Boughton, Kent, 7. A parish containing 174 houses, and 884 inhabitants. The church has two aisles, and contains several very ancient monuments; it has also a very good stone tower, the spire of which fell down about the close of the sixteenth century. It has two charity schools, in which one hundred children are educated. In 1716, a complete human skeleton was dug up, near the road side, with a hanger, and a brass coin of Antoninus Pius. Adjoining was anciently Blean Forest, which abounded with boars, wolves, and other animals of chase. |
| 50 | Boughton Hill, Kent, 7. This hill commands a most extensive and beautiful prospect. |
| 104 | Bourton, Dorset, 164. A hamlet containing 112 houses, and 637 inhabitants. |
| 103 | Bourton Bridge, Dorset, 164. |
| 185 | Bovey Heath, Devon, 118. |
| 108 | Bow Bridge, Somerset, 139. |
| 94 | Bower, Wilts, 199. |
| 94 | Bower Island, Wilts, 199. |
| 178 | Bowhill, Devon, 196. |
| 101 | Box, Wilts, 186. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1165 inhabitants. |
| Boxgrove, Sussex, 216. A parish containing 131 houses, and 682 inhabitants. | |
| 21 | Box Hill, Surrey, 63. This hill derives its
name from the number of box trees growing
on it, planted by the Earl of Arundel
in the reign of Charles the First. These
groves are interspersed with a number of
small open spaces and agreeable walks;
from whence, on a clear day, the prospect
is beautifully varied and extensive,
the immediate vicinity of the hill being
greatly enlivened by the windings of the
river Mole. A few years ago, an eccentric man, requested to be buried on the summit of this hill, in an erect posture; and, at his decease, this singular request was complied with. In the neighbourhood are a number of gentlemen’s seats. |
| Boyton, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 41 houses, and 248 inhabitants. | |
| 122 | Bradford Down, Dorset, 110. |
| 123 | Bradford Heath, Dorset, 110. |
| 239 | Bradock Common, Cornwall, 125. |
| 178 | Bradninch, Devon, 196. This town is nearly a mile in length consisting chiefly of one large irregular street, and the houses but indifferently built. Its principal manufacture is paper. It formerly sent members to parliament till the reign of Henry the Seventh, but on a complaint that the inhabitants were not able to pay them their wages, 2s. per day, they were excused on the payment of five marks. The church is an ancient Gothic building. It contains 247 houses, and 1187 inhabitants, and has a trifling market on Tuesday. |
| 199 | Brent Bridge, Devon, 120. |
| 7 | Brentford, Middlesex, 69, a market
town. It is divided into New and Old Brentford,
and is named from the small river Brent,
over which it had a ford, and which here
empties itself into the Thames. The
church was originally built in the reign of
Edward the First, being a chapel of ease
to Great Ealing, and was rebuilt, except
the tower, in 1654. This place affords
employment to its numerous poor, having
a flour mill on the same construction as
the late Albion Mills, formerly situated at
the foot of Blackfriars Bridge; a large pottery,
extensive brick fields, and a very
large malt distillery. At the extremity of New Brentford, towards London, on the opposite side of the Thames, is Kew Palace, formerly the occasional residence of His Majesty; near which, on the banks of the Thames, His Majesty has erected a magnificent Gothic building, said to have been intended as a residence for the Queen. The members of parliament for the county are here chosen, and the market on Tuesday is well supplied with all kinds of provision, corn, cattle, &c. Brentford contains 304 houses, and 1733 inhabitants. |
| 197 | Brent Harberton Ford, Devon, 120. |
| 199 | Brent, South, Devon, 120. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1032 inhabitants. |
| 97 | Brickers, Wilts, 186. |
| 200 | Bridestow, Devon, 150. A parish containing 91 houses, and 581 inhabitants. |
| 230 | Bridge, Cornwall, 124. |
| 58 | Bridge, Kent, 8. This village is situated in a valley, by the side of the river Stour; and contains 42 houses, and 325 inhabitants. |
| 126 | Bridge, Somerset, 168. |
| 245 | Bridge End, Cornwall, 126. |
| 105 | Bridge, High, Dorset, 139. |
| 75 | Bridge, Mary, Hants, 98. |
| 212 | Bridge, New, Devon, 122. |
| 96 | Bridge, New, Dorset, 89. |
| 109 | Bridge, New, Somerset, 201. |
| 102 | Bridge, New, 186. |
| 145 | Bridgewater, Somerset, 192. A borough
and market town, seated on the river
Parret, over which is a stone bridge; here
the tide rises at high water 6 fathoms,
and sometimes flows in with such impetuosity,
that it rises near two fathoms deep
at a time; which often occasions considerable
damage to the shipping, driving
them foul of each other, and oversetting
the small craft. It is termed the boar, and
is frequent in the rivers of the channel,
particularly the Severn. The church is a handsome spacious structure, containing a fine altar piece of our Saviour taken from the Cross, by Guido, and the spire is the loftiest in the county. Near the church is a handsome free school, built of stone; the town hall is a large building, beneath which is a cistern, whence the inhabitants are supplied with water. It was first incorporated as a borough by King John, who built a castle here, and it was one of the first towns seized by the barons in the reign of Henry the Third, being then considered of great importance. The Duke of Monmouth was here proclaimed king, and lodged sometime in the castle; but being betrayed by Lord Gray, and his army consisting chiefly of raw countrymen, he was defeated by the royal army, on a moor near Weston, 3 miles distant; when 1000 were killed, and 1500 taken prisoners; and here Judge Jefferies and Colonel Kirk had most of the survivors executed. The houses in general are irregular, but the streets are wide, and well paved. It sends two members to parliament, and has a market on Tuesday and Saturday; at the former, cattle of all kind are sold, and cheese in great quantities, and provisions of all sorts, are plentiful. The midsummer county sessions are held here, and the assizes every other year. Through the convenience of its navigation it has also a very good coasting-trade, and a number of coal ships are constantly employed. Bridgewater contains 916 houses, and 4911 inhabitants. |
| 134 | Bridport, Dorset, 111. A borough and
market town, situated between two branches
of the river Brit, which joins below the
town, and falls into the sea, having once
had a convenient harbour, but which now
is choaked up with sand. The town consists
of three good spacious streets, some
of the houses being built of stone, and
some of brick. The East, West, and South
streets, are in the form of a T, having several
back lanes or passages. In the centre of
the town has been erected a very handsome
market house. It is a very ancient corporation,
and has sent members to parliament
ever since the 23d of Edward the First. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a large neat building, near the centre of the town, in the form of a cross, with a tower in the middle, 72 feet high. Its chief manufacture is in twine, sail-cloth, and hats. Bridport contains 520 houses, and 3567 inhabitants, and has two market days, Wednesday and Saturday, both of which are well supplied with fresh meat. |
| 54 | Brighton, or Brighthelmstone,
Sussex, 51, 60, 219. A sea-port and
market town of some antiquity. It
was once fortified, and some traces of
the walls are still left. Queen Elizabeth
erected here four gates. A flint wall,
three feet thick towards the sea, and a
block house, had been built before in the
reign of Henry the Eighth. The town was
of little or no consequence, being chiefly
inhabited by fishermen, and has only
risen to its present state, as a fashionable
resort for sea-bathing, within these few
years; being now enlarged with many new
streets, elegant buildings, &c. The houses
of the new streets, particularly the Steyne
and the Crescent, are elegantly built, and
chiefly lodging houses. North-street, furnishes
handsome shops of every description,
and there is a neat little theatre.
There are also two elegant assembly rooms,
with suits of card, tea, and supper rooms;
those at the Castle Tavern are open every
night during the season, as are also those
at the Old Ship, which are little inferior. The Steyne is a fine lawn, on the eastern part of the town, which is the general parade for the company. On the Steyne are the North and South Parades, Blue and Buff Parade, Steyne-place, or South and Steyne Row; besides this, there are two other Steynes, but both inferior to the preceding. One is called the New Steyne, and is situated in the east of the town leading to Rottingdean; the other, the North Steyne, but more commonly the Level, both having many handsome buildings. The promenade commences after the heat of the day, and continues till dark; a choice band of music playing all the while. The Prince Regent has an elegant mansion here, called the Pavilion. (see Index of Seats.) There are two public libraries on the Steyne, furnished with all the newspapers, periodical publications, &c. This is the morning lounge for every vehicle of news There are also a suite of hot, cold, vapour and salt-water baths, for those who may not, or do not choose to plunge into the ocean. There are also air-pump water baths, for the relief of persons afflicted with the gout, or violent scorbutic affections; the ingenious invention of Mr. Nathan Smith, of Artillery-place. The baths are situated near the Steyne, and were first erected in 1789. On one side of a handsome vestibule are six cold-baths, and on the other side, the hot baths. The streets nearly intersect each other at right angles, and are very clean and neat. Among the recent improvements, the handsome row of uniform houses, called Dorset Garden, deserves to be noticed; in front, is an extensive well planned garden, while two octagon temples ornament the pleasure ground. The road is composed of chalk and sea beach, with a spacious foot pavement of bricks on each side, which is entirely dry, almost immediately after the most heavy rains. The town is also well lighted, and from its vicinity to the metropolis, and accommodation of every kind, it may justly rank as the first watering place in the kingdom. The church stands on a hill near the town, and has a square tower, which may be seen a considerable distance at sea, having the figure of a dolphin for a vane. From its increase of population, a Chapel Royal has been erected within these few years, which is sufficiently spacious to contain 1000 persons. About half a mile west of the church is a chalybeate spring, much frequented; it has been found serviceable in several cases of debility, indigestion, &c. The proprietors have erected a neat lodge over the spring, and near it a very handsome mansion. Although the town itself is not observable, it lying so low that in several bombardments by the enemy, the balls have gone over it without doing any damage, it is now flanked with some strong batteries. The town is not incorporated, but an act was passed about 30 years ago, vesting a power in 36 inhabitants, as commissioners, to erect a market, pave, light, and cleanse the streets, and to execute all necessary matters for the good order of the place. Brighton contains 1282 houses, and 7339 inhabitants. At this place Charles the Second embarked for France, in 1651, after the battle of Worcester. The only manufacture here, (if it may be termed one) is the making of part of the nets for the use of the fishery, the materials coming from Bridport. The fishery employs about 100 boats, carrying some three, four, and five men each. The mackarel season commences in April, and that for herrings in October. Independent of these almost every kind of fish are also found in plenty, and to be purchased every day. To the fishery, and the numerous visitants during the bathing season, the inhabitants look up for support. But what has particularly enlivened the town of late years, during the war, has been the encampment of several regiments of regulars and militia, on the levels to the west of the town, between Brighton and Hove; and it is now much benefited by the numerous travellers to France, embarking from hence to Dieppe, and also from its being the favourite country residence of the Prince Regent. The principal market day is on Thursday; but it is open every day except Sunday, and well stored with every kind of provision. The mutton of this place, being chiefly fed on the South Downs, is particularly admired for its fine flavour. The Downs afford most delightful rides, and pleasing land and sea views. The race-ground, which is fenced in, and properly attended to, is justly admired. The races, which last four or five days, are usually the first week in August, when it is esteemed the fullest part of the season. |
| 57 | Brighton Race Ground, Sussex, 60. |
| 129 | Brimpit, Somerset, 190. |
| 239 | Brin, Cornwall, 156. |
| 117 | Brislington, Somerset, 203. A parish containing 136 houses, and 776 inhabitants. |
| 119 | BRISTOL, 203. This city may justly
rank as the second in the British dominions
for trade, wealth, and population, though
much of its commerce with the West Indies
and America have passed to Liverpool.
It properly lies in two counties,
Somerset and Gloucester, but in the reign
of Edward the Third it was erected into
a county of itself. This metropolis of the west of England gradually rose to eminence in the Anglo Saxon period, but its origin is uncertain. It contains 10,403 houses, and 63,645 inhabitants, and is situated on the rivers Avon and Frome. The bridge over the former was first built above 500 years ago, and rebuilt in 1768. It consists of three wide and lofty arches, with a neat stone ballustrade. The river here is deep and very rapid, and flows to the height of 40 feet, so as to bring a vessel of 1000 tons up to the bridge. The internal streets of this city are high and irregular, with projecting buildings, mostly built of wood and plaster, which render it close; but many of the streets have been lately much widened, particularly the avenues to the bridges. The suburbs and external parts of the city are elegant and spacious buildings, principally inhabited by gentry, merchants, and retired tradesmen, or let as lodging-houses. The sides of the streets have smooth pavements, and the whole is well lighted. It is supplied with excellent water, both from pumps and conduits; that in Temple Street has a noble statue upon it, representing Neptune. The common sewers which run through the streets, render the whole city remarkably clean. Carts are not admitted in the streets, for fear of damaging the arches of the vaults and gutters that are made under ground, for conveying the soil into the rivers; on this account every thing is conveyed by sledges, to the no small danger of the foot passengers. In King Street there is a very elegant and convenient theatre, and the city library is a handsome stone building, with literary emblems in front, which contains a very good collection of books, and a clergyman is always appointed the librarian. Above the river, Redcliff Parade is a handsome range of houses, whence is a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country. Over the river Frome is a draw-bridge, which has also two arches of stone, and an octagon building at each end. The quay is above a mile in length, reaching from St. Giles’s to Bristol Bridge, and is all the way embanked by a firm wall, coped with hewn stone; the whole is not impeded by the buildings, which lie a considerable way back, so that it is one continued quay, although under different names; that from Bristol Bridge to the bend of the river opposite Redcliff Parade, is called The Back, and from thence downwards is called The Grove. Here is a dock which will contain 10 sail of large vessels, and further on there is another, where a building is erected on 14 pillars of cast iron, being a crane, a curious piece of mechanism for loading and unloading ships; from which, to the mouth of the river Frome, the quay is called The Gibb. The Avon being joined by the Frome, passes on by the Hot-well through the rocks of St. Vincent, in a winding course of about eight miles, and discharges itself into the Bristol Channel; on the banks are several dock yards, and the merchants’ floating dock is extremely large. The cathedral church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was founded in the reign of King Stephen, in 1140; it is 175 feet long; the tower is 130 feet high, square, and ornamented with four pinnacles: the church, though not large, has many gothic beauties within, and a good organ; it is adorned with painted windows, and several handsome monuments, particularly that of Mrs. Draper, the celebrated Eliza of Sterne. Behind the church is a cloister, in which are the entrances to the library and bishop’s palace. To the west of the church is a most beautiful gothic gateway, ornamented with statues. Bristol contains 17 parish churches, and five chapels. The church of St. Mark, opposite the cathedral, was formerly collegiate: now it is the mayor’s chapel. All the churches are neat, beautifully decorated, and most of them have many handsome monuments: that of St. Mary’s, Redcliff, is one of the finest in the kingdom, containing two beautiful monumental statues of its founder, William Canninge, who had been five times mayor of the city; in one appearing habited as a magistrate, and in the other as a priest, he having in his latter days taken holy orders: there is also another of Sir William Penn, father of the famous Quaker. Here are also many hospitals and charitable institutions. On College Green is a stately high cross, with the statues of several kings round it. There are 13 city companies, several of whom have elegant halls, particularly the Merchant’s Hall, in Princes Street, a capacious stone structure, enclosed by an iron pallisade, with a very curious front. The Cooper’s Hall, in King Street, has a superb front, with four Corinthian columns. There are also several handsome squares: Queen Square has a spacious walk, shaded with trees; in the centre is a fine equestrian statue of William the Third, by Rysbrack. The government of the city is administered by a mayor, 12 aldermen, all justices of the peace, two sheriffs, 28 common council, town clerk, and deputy town clerk, chamberlain, vice-chamberlain, under-sheriff, &c. besides a city marshal, and other inferior officers. A mile below the city, close by the river, is the Hot-well, the waters of which are reckoned specific for the diabetes, phthisical, scorbutic, and inflammatory disorders. It is a great resort for invalids during the summer, for whose accommodation and entertainment there are a pump-room, ball-room, coffee-house, taverns, and elegant lodging-houses, both below, on a level with the well, and above, in the delightful village of Clifton, situated on the brow of a hill, the prospect from which is beautifully romantic, and from the purity of its air and its situation, it has generally been termed the Montpelier of England. Clifton is at all times preferable to any place of residence in or about Bristol; for it is not only convenient for the wells, but is so happily situated with respect to Durdham Downs, that, without fatigue, valetudinarians are in a few minutes conveyed to them, and thereby enjoy an advantage equal, if not superior in effect, to that of the waters. Indeed this the physicians themselves acknowledge, and therefore the sick drive hither for health, and the unailing for amusement. The Bristol and Matlock waters are of the same quality, their mineral contents being chalk, lapis calcareous, and calaminaris, without any impregnation of iron. In the rocks above the well are found beautiful crystals; and the rivers afford salmon, eels, plaice, flounders, dabs, and vast quantities of elvers, and higher up trout, roach, and dace. In the markets of Bristol there is an astonishing plenty and variety of provisions, fruit, and vegetables. The city gives the title of Earl to the family of Hervey, and here the famous Thomas Chatterton was born, his father being sexton of St. Mary’s Redcliff. In 1777, an incendiary, called Jack the Painter, set fire to different parts of this city, and occasioned considerable damage. |
| Britford, Wilts, 209. A parish containing 125 houses, and 675 inhabitants. | |
| Britford Bridge, Wilts, 209. | |
| 4 | Brixton Causeway, Surrey, 52. |
| 5 | Brixton Hill, Surrey, 52. |
| Broadbridge Mill, Sussex, 215. | |
| 9 | Broad Green, Surrey, 53. |
| 122 | Broadleaze, Somerset, 167. |
| 55 | Broadwater, Sussex, 67, 218. A parish containing 183 houses, and 1018 inhabitants. |
| 125 | Broadway, Dorset, 171. A parish containing 42 houses, and 210 inhabitants. |
| 134 | Broadway, Somerset, 169. A hamlet containing 57 houses, and 328 inhabitants. |
| 225 | Brocka Barrow, Cornwall, 154. |
| 87 | Brockenhurst, Hants, 93. This hamlet contains 127 houses and 632 inhabitants, and is one of those sequestered retreats where the lovers of rural life would find their highest gratification. It lies at an agreeable distance both from Lymington and Southampton, and the environs are studded with seats, among which that belonging to Edward Moraunt, Esq. occupies one of the most delightful and select situations in the whole forest. |
| 10 | Bromley, Kent, 16. A market town and parish, seated on the river Ravensbourne. Near the town is a palace of the Bishops of Rochester, where there is a mineral spring, of similar quality to that at Tunbridge; and the manor of this place was granted to the bishop by king Edgar, in the year 700. The church is a very old structure. There is still standing a college, erected by Bishop Warner in the reign of Charles the Second, for 20 poor clergymen’s widows, with an allowance of £20, together with £50 per annum to the chaplain. This was the first endowment of the kind established in England. The allowance has since been augmented to £30 per annum, and £60 to the chaplain, through the munificence of the Rev. Mr. Hetherington and Bishop Pearce, the former of whom left £2000, and the latter £5000. Bromley contains 419 houses, and 2965 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday. |
| 12 | Bromley Common, Kent, 16. |
| 9 | Bromley Hill, Kent, 16. |
| 38 | Brook Green, Surrey, 33. |
| 96 | Brook Water, Wilts, 138. |
| Broomfield, Hants, 212. | |
| Broomfield, Wilts, 205. | |
| 109 | Bruton, Somerset, 173. A market town and parish, deriving its name from its situation on the river Brue, over which it has a stone bridge. It is a well-built town, composed chiefly of three streets, at the meeting of which is a very convenient market place, built by a subscription of the farmers. The church is a handsome building, and has two quadrangular towers, one at the west, and the other at the north aisle. The Quarter Sessions for the eastern division of the county is sometimes held here, and it has a small manufacture of stockings, and inferior kinds of woollen goods. It contains 317 houses, and 1631 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturday. |
| 123 | Brympton, Somerset, 141. A parish containing 21 houses, and 133 inhabitants. |
| 231 | Buckapit, Cornwall, 124. |
| 230 | Buckaton, Cornwall, 124. |
| 194 | Buckfastleigh, Devon, 119. A parish containing 260 houses, and 1525 inhabitants. The remains of a Cistercian monastery are here visible. |
| Buckingham, Sussex, 219. | |
| 70 | Buckland, Kent, 10. A parish containing 71 houses, and 346 inhabitants. |
| 138 | Buckland St. Mary, Somerset, 169. A hamlet containing 81 houses, and 418 inhabitants. |
| Bull Moor, Wilts, 206. | |
| 111 | Bullstake Hill, Somerset, 140. |
| 86 | Burcomb, Wilts, 136. A parish containing 54 houses, and 254 inhabitants. |
| 22 | Burfoot Bridge, Surrey, 63. |
| Bursledon, Hants, 221. A small port, where vessels are employed in the flour, timber, and hop trade; containing 73 houses, and 522 inhabitants. | |
| Bursledon Bridge, Hants, 221. | |
| 99 | Burton, Wilts, 164. |
| 56 | Bury, Sussex, 43. A parish containing 62 houses, and 361 inhabitants. |
| 57 | Bury Hill, Sussex, 43. |
| 60 | Bury Hill Camp, Hants, 101. |
| 15 | Bury Mead, Middlesex, 174. |
| 12 | Butcher’s Grove, Middlesex, 174. |
| 56 | Butser Hill, Hants, 30. From the summit of this hill, on a clear day, Salisbury Cathedral is visible at the distance of forty miles. |
| 50 | Byworth Street, Sussex, 43. |
C. |
|
| 113 | Cadbury Castle, or Camalet, Somerset, 166. The ruins of this place proclaim it one of the most stupendous fortifications in the kingdom. It is described to have been, in the year 1612, a hill of a mile in compass at the top, having four trenches, and betwixt every one an earthen wall, encircling an area within of about twenty acres, full of ruins and relics of old buildings: great number of Roman coins have been found here, and other works of antiquity, among which a silver horse-shoe is mentioned by Stow. A part of these ruins is denominated King Arthur’s Palace. The rampart is made of large stones, covered with earth, with only one entrance facing the east, guarded by several ditches. Various opinions are entertained by different writers as to the origin of this place; but the most probable conjecture appears to be that of attributing it to the Romans. |
| 112 | Cadbury, North, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 173 houses, and 810 inhabitants. |
| 113 | Cadbury, South, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 37 houses, and 214 inhabitants. |
| 8 | Cadet Barracks, Kent, 1. |
| 205 | Cadleigh, Devon, 121. A parish containing 38 houses, and 226 inhabitants. |
| 80 | Cadnam, Hants, 87. |
| 66 | Cake Wood, Wilts, 182. |
| 42 | Calcot, Berks, 178. |
| 42 | Calcot Green, Berks, 178. |
| 270 | Calenick, Cornwall, 129. |
| 254 | Callerick, Cornwall, 158. |
| 87 | Calne, Wilts, 184. A borough and
market town of considerable antiquity, supposed
to have risen out of the ruins of an
old Roman colony on the other side of the
river Calne, near Studley, where many
Roman coins have been found. Here was
one of the palaces of the West Saxon
kings; and it also had a castle, but there
are now no traces thereof left. The town
is well built, and the church is a large
structure, with a handsome square tower. This town has of late years experienced many improvements, through the patronage of the Marquis of Lansdown. It stands on the river Marden, whence it has a good supply of water, and by the side of which are many fulling and corn mills. Calne contains 775 houses, and 3767 inhabitants; its chief manufactory is cloth; and it has a market on Tuesday. |
| 89 | Cain Hill, Wilts, 199. |
| 71 | Cambreach, Wilts, 182. |
| 115 | Camel Hill, Somerset, 166. |
| 116 | Camel West, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 38 houses, and 224 inhabitants. |
| Cams, East, Hants, 222. | |
| 103 | Canford Bottom, Dorset, 90. |
| 101 | Canford Bridge, Dorset, 90. |
| 100 | Cann, Dorset, 138. A parish containing 32 houses, and 203 inhabitants. |
| 55 | CANTERBURY, Kent, 8, 11. A city,
and the metropolitan see of all England.
It is situated in a pleasant valley, between
hills of a moderate height and easy ascent,
among which are several springs. The
river Stour passes here, and dividing into
several small streams, forms islands of
various sizes, in one of which the western
part of the city stands. It was the Durovernum of the Romans; and the Britons called it Caer Kent, that is, the city of Kent. It is mentioned as a city in Antonine’s Itinerary, and its ancient importance appears from the strong military causeways leading to Dover and Lymme through the city, as well as the many Roman vestiges and coins found in and about the neighbourhood; and its archiepiscopal and metropolitan dignity seems also to have been settled very early. This city was given entirely to the bishops by William Rufus; and it was held in particular veneration after the murder of Becket, in the reign of Henry the Second; to whose shrine, so great were the offerings, that Erasmus says, the whole church and chapel in which he was interred, glittered with jewels. The cathedral has been several times destroyed by fire: the present structure was built about the year 1174; but not entirely completed till the reign of Henry the Fifth: kings, princes, cardinals and Bishops, are buried in it. During the great rebellion it suffered much; Cromwell made a stable of it for his dragoons; but after the restoration it was repaired. The body of the church measures 178 feet from the western door to the choir steps; and the breadth, including the aisles, 71 feet, and the vaulted roof 80 feet. It was new paved with Portland stone, in 1788. The choir is the most spacious of any in the kingdom, being 180 feet in length from the western door to the altar. The altar piece was designed by Sir James Burrough, master of Caius College, Cambridge; and the great stained window is the most beautiful of the kind in England. In 1784, an elegant organ was put up, built in the Gothic style. Behind the altar is the beautiful chapel of the Holy Trinity, in the middle of which stood the shrine of St. Thomas à Becket; part of the flat is curiously inlaid with mosaic work, and contains the episcopal chair, composed of three pieces of grey marble. In the mint yard, within the precincts of this church, is a public grammar school, founded by Henry the Eighth. Christ’s-church gate is an elegant structure, built in 1517. From this gate you have a view of Oxford steeple, a tower 130 feet high, with four handsome pinnacles; and that stately tower called Bell Harry steeple, being 235 feet high; on its top hangs a small bell, called Bell Harry, which is tolled every day for prayers: but never rung, except on the death of a King, Queen, or Archbishop. The four principal streets are disposed in the form of a Cross, and divided into six wards. It is called the city, and county of the city of Canterbury, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, 12 aldermen, 24 common councilmen, with a sheriff and coroner, and 4 serjeants at mace. It has sent members to parliament ever since the reign of Edward the First. Great improvements have been made here lately; the streets, which were formerly paved with flints, are now smooth pavements; the old signs and projecting buildings are removed, the whole is well lighted with lamps, and a regular watch set at 10 o’clock. A slip of land, called Dungehill, of about six acres, having an artificial mount, is now converted into the City Mall; the sides are adorned with spiral walks to the top, the old towers with shrubberies, and the old ramparts are also converted into a beautiful terrace. The Guildhall, in High Street, is a handsome and lofty building, adorned with the portraits of the City benefactors. Over the Canterbury bank are some large and elegant assembly rooms. Its manufactures are of worsted, silk, and cotton; the former furnishes employment for several hundred persons, in the fabrication of what is called Canterbury muslins. The city is surrounded on all sides with extensive hop grounds, contains 16 parishes, 2018 houses, and 10,498 inhabitants, and is famed for its excellent brawn. The Archbishop of Canterbury is primate and metropolitan of all England, and is the first peer in the realm; and wherever the court may be, the King and Queen are his proper domestic parishioners. To the cathedral belongs 1 archbishop, 1 dean, 1 chancellor, 1 archdeacon, 12 prebends, 6 preachers, 6 minor canons, 6 substitutes, 12 lay clerks, 10 choristers, 2 masters, 50 scholars, and 12 almsmen. |
| 29 | Capel, Surrey, 64. A parish containing 99 houses, and 675 inhabitants. A singular phenomenon is recorded to have happened here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth: part of a hill was divided from the other part, and removed to some distance. |
| 79 | Carmor Common, Hants, 91. |
| 223 | Carneglos, Cornwall, 154. |
| 112 | Carnicot, Somerset, 188. |
| 233 | Cartuther, Cornwall, 124. |
| 254 | Carvath, Cornwall, 127. |
| 261 | Carvoza, Cornwall, 128. |
| 260 | Castle, Cornwall, 128. |
| 100 | Castle, Wilts, 164. |
| 241 | Castle Down, Cornwall, 156. |
| 115 | Castleton, Dorset, 140. (see Sherborne) |
| Catersfield, Hants, 222. | |
| 139 | Catcott, Somerset, 191. A hamlet containing 66 houses, and 391 inhabitants. |
| 30 | Catherine Hill, Surrey, 27. |
| Catwater, Devon, 122. (See Plymouth.) | |
| 102 | Causeway, Dorset, 139. |
| 98 | Chaddenwych Barn, Wilts, 164. |
| 130 | Chalice Hill, Somerset, 190. |
| 23 | Chalk, Kent, 4. A parish containing 62 houses, and 322 inhabitants. |
| 24 | Chalk Church, Kent, 4. |
| 39 | Chalkwell, Kent, 6. |
| 69 | Chandler’s Ford Bridge, Hants, 78. |
| 113 | Chapel Bridge, Somerset, 166. |
| 44 | Chapel, North, Sussex, 38. A parish containing 93 houses, and 621 inhabitants. |
| 100 | Chapel Plaste, Wilts, 200. |
| Chapmanslade Cross Roads, Wilts, 205. | |
| 138 | Chard, Somerset, 143, 145. A market town and parish. The town consists chiefly of two streets, intersecting each other, composed of good commodious houses. The church is a low building, possessing nothing remarkable either in internal or external decorations. At the angle where the two streets meet, stands an ancient Gothic building, formerly a chapel, but now used as a town hall. |
| Chard contains 534 houses, and 2784 inhabitants. Several streams run through the town, and keep it clean. The assizes were held here formerly, and the town sent members to parliament; but it lost the privilege by negligence. At the west end of the town rises a very fine spring, conveyed by leaden pipes to four conduits, which supply the inhabitants with water. The market is held on Monday, and is abundantly supplied with corn. | |
| 136 | Chard Common, Somerset, 143. |
| 136 | Chard Elm, Somerset, 143. |
| 141 | Chard, South, Somerset, 144. |
| 253 | Charlstown, Cornwall, 127. |
| 107 | Charlton Down, Dorset, 107. |
| 141 | Charmouth, Dorset, 112. This village derives its name from its situation near the mouth of the river Char. It stands at the foot of an amazing hill, no less than 1000 feet high, opposite to which is another 970 feet high. Here the Danes twice defeated the English; but, in 833, they were in turn completely routed, with the loss of nearly their whole fleet, consisting of 35 sail. It contains 64 houses, and 369 inhabitants. |
| Charterhouse Hinton, Somerset, 204. | |
| 30 | Chatham, Kent, 4. This town is situated
by the river Medway, and is joined to
Rochester, to which it is a suburb. It was
built by King Charles the Second after the
Dutch war; but the dock was begun by
Queen Elizabeth, and has been so much
improved, that it is now the first arsenal in
the world. The houses of the various
officers are well built, and some of them
even stately. The dock-yard, including
the ordnance wharf, is about a mile in
length, and some of the store rooms are
near 700 feet long. Although the stores
of the navy are so immense in these magazines,
every thing is arranged in the greatest
order. Here are upwards of 20 smiths’
forges constantly at work, and some of the
anchors that are made weigh near five tons.
The new rope-house is 1140 feet in length,
in which cables are made 120 fathoms long,
and 22 inches round. In the yard are four
docks for repairing, and six slips for building,
new ships. The ordnance wharf, which
adjoins hereto, was the original dock, where
the guns belonging to each ship are now
arranged in tiers, with the names of the vessels
they belonged to marked above them. In 1558 the Chest of Chatham was instituted by the seamen in the service of Queen Elizabeth, each paying a portion of his pay for the relief of the sufferers in the defeat of the Spanish Armada. There is also here an hospital for the relief of aged mariners or shipwrights. At the entrance of the town stands the victualling office, whence his Majesty’s ships at Chatham and Sheerness are supplied with provisions. Near it stands the chapel of ease to the parish church, it is a circular building, the walls of which are three feet thick, and appears of great antiquity, probably of Norman origin by the architecture. This chapel is 74 feet long and 20 wide, the west end and steeple having been added in 1743. Chatham is defended by the castles of Upnor and Gillingham; the first is almost opposite the dock on the west side of the river. Gillingham Castle is a very strong fortification, and has a complete command of the river. The church stands on a hill adjoining the ordnance office; it contains several elegant marble monuments, and the ordnance office has granted a piece of ground, a little distance therefrom, as a burial ground, where a ship is used as a church for the sailors. In 1667 the Dutch fleet proceeded up the Medway, took Sheerness, and did considerable damage to Chatham. The population of Chatham has of late years considerably increased; it contains 1715 houses, and 10,505 inhabitants, exclusive of Gillingham, which contains 715 houses, and 4135 inhabitants: and it has a market on Saturday. |
| 48 | Chawton, Hants, 82, 95. This parish contains 64 houses, and 372 inhabitants. |
| 84 | Cherhill, Wilts, 184. A hamlet in the parish of Calne, containing 60 houses, and 304 inhabitants. |
| 183 | Cheriton Cross, Devon, 148. |
| 61 | CHICHESTER, Sussex, 36, 40, 41, 216.
A city and county of itself; containing
nine parishes, 821 houses, and 4744 inhabitants.
It is situated in a pleasant vale
on the little river Lavant, which washes
it on all sides, except the north, and is said
to have been built by Cissa, the second
king of the South Saxons, and named
Cissan Caester. It consists of four principal
streets, in the form of a cross, is surrounded
with a stone wall, and had formerly
four gates: the streets are broad,
handsome, and well paved, and there are
six parish churches within the walls. This
city sends two members to parliament, and
is governed by a mayor, recorder, and 38
common councilmen, 4 justices of the
peace being chosen out of the aldermen.
An ancient nunnery founded here, is now
converted into an hospital which has a
very neat chapel. The Guildhall, situated
in an obscure part of the city, is a spacious
ancient building, and the council chamber,
which is over the market house, supported
by pillars, is both neat and elegant,
adjoining to which is a subscription assembly
room, and there is a small theatre,
situated at the bottom of South-street. The bishop’s palace, erected in 1727, has very commodious and well laid-out grounds. The cathedral, which is built in the form of a cross, on the site of St. Peter’s the Great, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is an elegant Gothic structure; the spire nearly 300 feet high. The choir of late has been neatly repaired, and has a well-furnished library. In the south aisle is painted the history of its foundation, and under it are the portraits of our kings, from William the Conqueror to Edward the Sixth, continued in the chapter house and library, to George the Second: on the east side are the bishops. The see was translated here from Selsea, in the reign of William the Conqueror. In a nich, near the east door of St. Peter’s the Great, which stands within the cathedral, is a statue of bishop Seiffrid, who built the church in 1199, together with the palace, cloisters, &c. In the centre of the town stands a neat cross, of an octagonal form, supported on 8 arches. Adjoining the fish shambles, in the South-street, is a large reservoir and conduit of excellent water, with the figure of an ancient Druid above. In 1727, a Roman pavement was discovered here, and on the brill, near the city, is a Roman camp of an oblong square, supposed to have been raised by Vespasian; and from the soil being a hard gravel, must have been a work of great labour. There are vestiges of another about a mile and a half west, called Gonshill. The inconvenient distance of the town from the sea, has been partly remedied by a canal to Brocklesham bay. The haven affords excellent lobsters, and every other Wednesday there is here one of the largest markets for sheep and black cattle in the county, which not only supplies the city, but sends vast quantities to Portsmouth and London. |
| 94 | Chicklade, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 25 houses, and 150 inhabitants. |
| 93 | Chicklade Bottom, Wilts, 163. |
| 40 | Chidingfold, Surrey, 37. A parish containing 162 houses, and 848 inhabitants. |
| 137 | Chidiock, Dorset, 112. A township and chapelry, containing 107 houses, and 578 inhabitants. |
| 117 | Chilcompton, Somerset, 188. A parish containing 74 houses, and 348 inhabitants. |
| Chilhampton, Wilts, 208. | |
| 134 | Chillington Down, Somerset, 143. |
| 162 | Chilson, Somerset, 194. |
| 162 | Chilson Heathfield, Somerset, 194. |
| 66 | Chilton, Berks, 181. A parish containing 48 houses, and 244 inhabitants. This place gave birth to the Lord Chief Justice Crook. |
| 140 | Chilton, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 53 houses, and 310 inhabitants. |
| 88 | Chilvester Hill, Wilts, 185. |
| Chilworth, Hants, 211. A parish containing 18 houses, and 132 inhabitants. | |
| Chilworth Common, Hants, 211. | |
| 125 | Chinnock, East, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 60 houses, and 505 inhabitants. This place is noted for a brackish spring, although 20 miles from the sea. |
| 125 | Chinnock Hutts, Somerset, 142. |
| 93 | Chippenham, Wilts, 185. A borough and market town, situated on the river Avon, over which it has a handsome bridge of 16 arches, and is mentioned to have been of considerable strength and importance in the time of Alfred the Great. The church is a venerable Gothic structure, supposed to have been built by the Hungerford family, whose arms are still to be seen upon its walls. The houses in general are neat and well built. It has a considerable manufacture of superfine woollen cloth; sends two members to parliament, and contains 667 houses, and 3366 inhabitants. The market on Saturday is well supplied with all kinds of provision, and great quantities of corn. |
| 74 | Cholderton, Wilts, 160. A parish containing 35 houses, and 127 inhabitants. |
| 69 | Cholderton, East, Hants, 159. |
| 100 | Christchurch, Hants, 94. A borough
and market town, pleasantly situated at the
conflux of the rivers Avon and Stour,
which, about a mile and a half distant,
falls into the sea at Christchurch bay. It
derives its name from a collegiate church
built here by the West Saxons, and was
formerly called Christchurch Twynham,
and had also a castle. The river Avon was made navigable from Salisbury in 1680, and is famous for its salmon fishery. A little to the east is Hordell Cliff, which runs for a mile along the shore, and is 150 feet above the level of the sea. Christchurch sends two members to parliament, contains 290 houses, and 1410 inhabitants, having a considerable trade in knit silk stockings and watch chains. Market on Monday. |
| 181 | Chudleigh, Devon, 118. A market town and parish, situated near the river Teign, having a considerable woollen manufactory. Here was formerly a Benedictine monastery, and a palace of the bishop of Exeter. It gives title of baron to the Clifford family; contains 360 houses, and 1786 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturday. |
| 183 | Chudleigh Bridge, Devon, 118. |
| 22 | Cippenham Court, Bucks, 175. |
| 96 | City, The, Wilts, 200. |
| 3 | Clapham, Surrey, 45. This village consists chiefly of one long street, and a number of handsome houses surrounding a common, which is so well planted with various trees, that it has now the appearance of a park: though, formerly, it was little better than a morass. This improvement was chiefly effected by a subscription of the inhabitants. Near the road to Wandsworth is a reservoir of fine water, which supplies the parish. On the north-east corner of the common, a new church was erected in 1776, at the expence of £ll,000; but it has no cemetery. On the site of the old church a new chapel has been lately erected, in which the funeral service is performed when there are any interments. Clapham contains 480 houses, and 3864 inhabitants. |
| 3 | Clapham Common, Surrey, 45, (See Clapham.) |
| Clapham Common, Sussex, 218. | |
| 30 | Clarks Green, Surrey, 64. |
| 76 | Clatford, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 26 houses, and 122 inhabitants. |
| Clay Street, Wilts, 210. | |
| 47 | Clayton, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 55 houses, and 337 inhabitants. |
| 50 | Clerken Green, Hants, 99. |
| 232 | Clicker, Lower, Cornwall, 124. |
| 231 | Clicker Tor, Cornwall, 124. |
| 51 | Cliff, Sussex, 59. (See Lewes.) |
| 120 | Clifton, Gloucester, 203. (See Bristol.) |
| 256 | Clisey Hill, Cornwall, 127. |
| 176 | Clopton Bridge, Devon, 117. |
| 77 | Clorus’s Camp, Wilts, 103, 135. Clorus’s Camp, or Figbury Ring, is situated on a commanding eminence. This entrenchment is of a circular form, and comprehends an area of nearly fifteen acres within the outer vallum, which is forty-six feet in height, and 1078 yards in circumference. The principal entrance faces the east, and is defended by two outworks; there are also two other openings, one towards the south, and the other towards the west, and a deep ditch, excavated within the area, apparently the boundary of a lesser camp. |
| 210 | Coadron, Devon, 152. |
| 102 | Coal Cot, Wilts, 172. |
| Coates, Sussex, 218. A parish containing only 6 houses, and 30 inhabitants. | |
| 143 | Coaxdon Common, Dorset, 144. |
| 144 | Coaxdon Mill, Dorset, 144. |
| 144 | Coaxdon, Lower, Dorset, 144. |
| 19 | Cobham Street, Surrey, 25. A parish pleasantly situated by the river Mole, over which are two neat brick bridges. It contains 208 houses, and 1200 inhabitants. Here are two medicinal springs, Cobham Wells, and the Spa; formerly much noted, but now in no repute. On the banks of the Mole there are several charming villas, and the river affords plenty of pike, trout, perch, eels, &c. |
| 139 | Cock Hill, Somerset, 191. |
| 52 | Cocking, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 49 houses, and 300 inhabitants. |
| 51 | Cocking Common, Sussex, 35. |
| Codford, St. Mary, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 31 houses, and 187 inhabitants. | |
| Codford, St. Peter, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 71 houses, and 399 inhabitants. | |
| 107 | Cogley Wood, Somerset, 173. |
| 124 | Coker Hill, Somerset, 142. |
| 123 | Coker, West, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 128 houses, and 758 inhabitants. |
| 238 | Coldrigen, Cornwall, 156. |
| 176 | Collumpton, Devon, 196. A market town, situated on the river Culm, which joins the Ex two miles above Exeter, and over which it has a bridge. Its principal trade is in woollen cloth, serges, and corduroys. It contains 615 houses, 3138 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturday. The church is a large and curious structure in the Gothic style; and formerly contained the figure of St. Columb, which was much resorted to by pilgrims: the gilded roof of the church is still preserved. |
| 249 | Colly Green, Cornwall, 126. |
| 17 | Colnbrook, 174. A market town situated on the river Coln; part of it is in Middlesex, and part in Bucks. It consists chiefly of one street, in the middle of which stands the chapel of ease, with a market house under it, where a market is held on Thursday. |
| 46 | Colthook Common, Sussex, 38. |
| 202 | Combe, Devon, 151. |
| 132 | Combe, Somerset, 143. |
| 84 | Combe Bisset, Wilts, 104. |
| 86 | Combe Common, Wilts, 104. |
| 98 | Combe Cross, Wilts, 138. |
| Comb Down, Somerset, 204. | |
| 10 | Combe Wood, Surrey, 24. |
| 143 | Common, South, Dorset, 144. |
| 65 | Compton, Hants, 78. A parish containing 34 houses, and 225 inhabitants. |
| 85 | Compton Basset, Wilts, 184. A parish containing 71 houses, and 366 inhabitants. |
| 90 | Compton Chamberlain, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 48 houses, and 283 inhabitants. |
| 112 | Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset, 165. A parish containing 30 houses, and 207 inhabitants. |
| Copperas Gap, Sussex, 219. | |
| 62 | Corhampton, Hants, 96. This village contains 18 houses, and 130 inhabitants. |
| 97 | Corsham, Wilts, 186. A market town and parish, consisting chiefly of one street; which is neat and well built, with a handsome market house: the church is an ancient building. It is a pleasant and healthy place, but standing on a dry stoney soil is not fertile, and its chief support is the woollen manufacture. The fields in the neighbourhood are in general inclosed with stone walls instead of hedges. It contains 458 houses, and 2402 inhabitants. Market on Wednesday. |
| 67 | Cosham, Hants, 32, 214, 223. |
| 141 | Cossington, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 49 houses, and 237 inhabitants. |
| 111 | Coston, Somerset, 202. |
| Cotley Hill, Wilts, 206. | |
| 108 | Cottage Crescent, Somerset, 187. |
| 230 | Council Barrow, Cornwall, 155. |
| 64 | Court Week, Sussex, 44. |
| 88 | Cowden Down, Wilts, 105. |
| 249 | Cowland, Cornwall, 157. |
| Cowsfield Green, Wilts, 210. | |
| 127 | Coxley, Somerset, 190. |
| 127 | Coxley Pound, Somerset, 190. |
| 212 | Crab Tree, Devon, 122. |
| 181 | Crab Tree, Devon, 196. |
| 113 | Crackment Hill, Somerset, 140. |
| 223 | Crafthole, Cornwall, 123. |
| 143 | Crandon Bridge, Somerset, 192. |
| 12 | Cranford Bridge, Middlesex, 174. |
| 30 | Crawley, Sussex, 49. A parish containing 26 houses, and 210 inhabitants. |
| 13 | Crayford, Kent, 2. The name is derived from an ancient ford over the river Cray, or Crouch; which, a little below this town, falls into the Darent. Here are some considerable callico printing grounds, and a manufactory for slitting iron and rolling it into hoops. In this and the adjoining parishes are a number of deep caverns, artificially cut out of the chalk pits; concerning the origin of which various conjectures have been formed. The church stands on an eminence, and is ornamented with a beautiful altar-piece. The river produces excellent trout. It contains 187 houses, and 1210 inhabitants. |
| 182 | Crediton Lane End, Devon, 148. |
| 130 | Crewkerne, Somerset, 142. A market town and parish, lying in a pleasant valley on the branches of the rivers Parret and Axe, and consists of five principal streets; the church is an elegant Gothic structure, richly ornamented. The market-house is roomy, and stands in the centre of the town; it is well supplied on Saturdays with provisions, corn, &c. It contains 489 houses, and 2576 inhabitants. |
| 93 | Cribbage Hutt, Wilts, 137. |
| 136 | Cricket Wood, Somerset, 143. |
| 138 | Crim Chard, Somerset, 145. |
| Crockerhill, Sussex, 216. | |
| 184 | Crockernwell, Devon, 148. |
| 63 | Croix, St., Hants, 78, 84. |
| 77 | Cromlech, The Devil’s Den, Wilts, 183. This ancient monument is formed of two upright stones, supporting a vast flat one as an impost; and, from the great breadth of the supporters, it has the appearance of a cave. Near it are two other stones lying on the ground, one in contact with the western upright. These monuments, many of which are extant, both here and in Scotland and Ireland, are generally supposed to be of Druidical origin. |
| Crooks Gate, Hants, 213. | |
| 69 | Cross Ford, Wilts, 182. |
| 102 | Cross, High, Wilts, 164. |
| 201 | Cross Lanes, Devon, 151. |
| 4 | Cross, New, Surrey, 1, 15. |
| 10 | Croydon, Surrey, 53. A market town
and parish. The town is in general well
built, and pleasantly situated on the
edge of Banstead Downs, containing 1474
houses, and 7801 inhabitants. Its chief manufactures
are paper and printed cottons;
and its church is a handsome Gothic structure,
containing several fine monuments,
particularly of the archbishops of Canterbury,
and formerly had a chantery. The manor has belonged to the archbishop of Canterbury from the days of William the Conqueror; but the archbishops’ palace is now converted into a manufactory. Vast quantities of charcoal are made here, with wood brought from the neighbouring hills, and it has a market on Saturday, which is well supplied with all kinds of provision, particularly fowl, oats, and oatmeal. |
| 39 | Cuckfield, Sussex, 50. A market town and parish, situated on a rising ground, having a spacious and handsome church, and a free grammar school, founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It has a small market on Friday. |
| 275 | Cuckold’s Corner, Cornwall, 130. |
| 89 | Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 185. |
| 201 | Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 200. |
| Curbridge Common, Hants, 213. | |
| 80 | Cursus, The, Wilts, 161. (See Amesbury.) |
| 183 | Cutton, Devon, 197. |
D. |
|
| 151 | Dalwood Down, Dorset, 114. |
| 194 | Dart Bridge, Devon, 119. |
| 15 | Dartford, Kent, 2. A market town,
deriving its name from an ancient ford over
the river Darent. Here are to be seen the
remains of a magnificent nunnery, founded
by Edward the Third, (of which Bridget,
the daughter of Edward the Fourth was
prioress;) which at the Reformation was
converted into a royal mansion. A branch
of the old Roman Watling-street passes
through this town. The parish church is
situated in the main street, which is wide
and commodious, with several handsome
shops, and a good bridge over the Darent.
The assizes were formerly held here. In
the neighbourhood are some gunpowder
mills, much esteemed for their produce. This town is remarkable for having been the place where the rebellion of Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, first broke out, occasioned by the indecent behaviour of a tax gatherer towards the daughter of Tyler, who killed the offender with a pole-axe. The market is on Saturday, and it is well supplied with provisions, corn, cattle, &c. Dartford contains 535 houses, and 3177 inhabitants. |
| 16 | Dartford Brent, Kent, 3. |
| 20 | Datchet, Bucks, 175. This village is pleasantly situated opposite Windsor Little Park, by the side of the Thames, over which it has a bridge. It contains 102 houses, and 857 inhabitants. |
| 51 | Dean, Hants, 99. |
| 195 | Dean Prior, Devon, 120. A parish containing 93 houses, and 495 inhabitants. |
| 56 | Dean, West, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 103 houses, and 510 inhabitants. |
| 64 | Denford, Lower, Berks, 181. |
| Dennis’s, St., Abbey, Hants, 221. | |
| 4 | Deptford, Kent, 1. This town is divided
into Upper and Lower Deptford, and
contains 3068 houses, and 17,548 inhabitants;
it has a commodious stone bridge
over the small river Ravensbourn, near its
fall into the Thames, at which place was
anciently a very deep ford, whence the
name of the town. The old church of St. Nicholas consists of a chancel, nave, and two aisles, and was rebuilt, excepting the tower, in 1697. The new church of St. Paul, which is a handsome stone structure, with a chancel, nave, and two aisles, supported by pillars of the Corinthian order, was erected in 1730, as one of the 50 new churches within the bills of mortality; when, by act of parliament, it was made a distinct parish. The Royal Dock Yard was first erected in the reign of Henry the Eighth. The storehouses, which form a square, have had several additional buildings; the whole yard covers 31 acres of ground, containing two wet docks, one single the other double, three slips, a bason, and two ponds for masts, with the various manufactories for anchors, cables, masts, blocks, &c. and apartments for the numerous officers employed. Here the royal yachts are generally kept. There are also several private docks in the neighbourhood for the building and repair of merchants’ vessels. The Red House, a little to the north-west of Deptford, is the grand store for provisions, &c. for the royal navy. On the site where St. Nicholas’ workhouse now stands, was the manor house of Say’s Court, which was the residence of the Czar, Peter the Great, when he worked as a shipwright in this yard. Here the Society of the Trinity House was first formed in the reign of Henry the Eighth, and incorporated under the title of Master, Warden, and Assistants of the Guild of the Most Glorious and Undivided Trinity; the object of which institution is, for the increase and encouragement of navigation, and the good government of mariners, shipping, &c. |
| 87 | Deptford, Wilts, 162, 207. |
| 90 | Derry Hill, Wilts, 185. |
| 111 | Deverel Down, Dorset, 108. |
| 187 | Devicourt Devon, 149. |
| 41 | Devil’s Punch Bowl, Surrey, 28. |
| 88 | Devizes, Wilts, 199. A borough and
market town, comprising three parishes,
and containing 890 houses, and 4851 inhabitants;
its manufactures chiefly consist of
druggets, serges, kerseymeres, and malting.
It has two churches and a chapel. The
houses are old, and mostly built of timber.
The Romans enclosed it with a vallum and
ditch, in which there is now a road almost
round the town; and on a small hill within
the town are to be seen the remains of its
strong castle. It is well fortified by nature,
and was made almost impregnable by Roger,
Bishop of Salisbury. Brass figures of
household gods, coins, bricks, and urns,
evidently Roman, have been dug up here. Near the castle rises a rivulet, which falls into the Avon near Bramham; and the town is greatly improved by the Kennet and Avon Canal, which here presents a beautiful appearance. The new Gaol, at the western extremity of the town, is also worthy of notice. This borough was incorporated by Charles the First, and sends two members to parliament. The markets are on Monday for butchers’ meat, and on Thursday for horses, cattle, corn, wool, provisions, poultry, &c. |
| 143 | Devon Gate, Devon, 170. |
| 44 | Dial Post, Sussex, 66. |
| Ditchampton, Wilts, 208. (Population included with Wilton) | |
| 14 | Ditton Common, Surrey, 25. |
| 13 | Ditton Marsh, Surrey, 24. |
| 237 | Dobwalls, Cornwall, 125. |
| 71 | Dock Yard, Portsmouth, Hants, 32. (see Portsmouth) |
| 54 | Dog Kennel, Sussex, 39. |
| 120 | Dorchester, Dorset, 109, 171. A
borough, market, and county town, standing
on an elevation on the river Frome,
comprising three parishes, 364 houses, and
2546 inhabitants. Its principal manufactures
are serge and broad cloth. Its ancient
name was Durnovaria, signifying the
passage of the river, and it was strongly fortified,
having four gates and a deep ditch;
and in the time of the Saxons two mints
were established here. The town is built in the direction of the four cardinal points, and the buildings are good. The foundation of the Roman wall appears quite round the town; but to the east there is a street built upon it, and the ditch is filled up. On the south-west side of the wall there is an agreeable walk between a row of trees; but the winding of the river to the north spoils the square of the town that way. It has a newly erected town hall and market place, and a commodious county gaol, built after Mr. Howard’s plan, on the site of an ancient castle. The streets are neatly paved, and the houses in general built regularly of stone. Dorchester sends two members to parliament, and the assizes for the county are held here. Several Roman antiquities, and the remains of military ways, have been discovered in this town, particularly a Mosaic pavement, four feet under the surface of the ground. St. Peter’s is the only church that can be called handsome. In the neighbourhood are extensive meadows, and a down on which vast flocks of sheep are fed. This place is noted for the excellence of its ale, which is sent to all parts of the kingdom. It has a good market on Wednesday and Saturday. |
| 23 | Dorking, Surrey, 63. A market town
and parish. The town stands on a rock of
soft sandy stone, in the angle of two fine
vallies, surrounded by beautiful hills. The
church is collegiate, and has a square tower
near the centre, with eight bells, and a set
of chimes. The streets are wide, well
paved, and very clean. A great traffic is
carried on in lime, which is accounted superior
to any other made in the country:
the town also supports a considerable trade
in meal. Dorking is noted for its breed of
poultry, which is remarkably large and
fine, and singular for the birds having five
toes in each claw. Capons bred here
about Christmas, often weigh seven or
eight pounds out of the feathers. In the suburbs are many elegant seats. The custom of Borough English prevails in this manor, by which the youngest son is heir to a copyhold estate. It contains 607 houses, and 3259 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday. |
| 71 | Dover, Kent, 10. A sea port and
market town, and one of the cinque ports,
containing 3068 houses, and 13,418 inhabitants.
This town lies in a valley, encompassed
by a semicircle of hills, and was
formerly surrounded by a wall which had
10 gates, and appears to have been in a
very flourishing state in the reign of Edward
the Confessor, who incorporated it
by the style of a mayor and commonalty. The town consists of two parts, connected by a long narrow street, called Snaresgate Street, from the lofty rocks that overhang it, and seem to threaten the passenger with instant death. The town hall stands in the market place, and is ornamented with several good portraits, and a curious print of the embarkation of Henry the Eighth for France. It has also a neat assembly room, a theatre, and two circulating libraries. Here were formerly seven churches, but five of them have long since been demolished; those remaining are dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, and St. James: the former was built by the prior and convent of St. Martin’s, for the use of the inhabitants, and the foundation of its tower was built upon the remains of an ancient Roman bath. The church of St. James anciently belonged to the castle, and in it the Courts of Chancery and Admiralty for the Cinque Ports are still occasionally held. In the reign of Henry the Third a large religious house was founded by Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, at the end of this town, called the Maison Dieu; but at the time of the reformation it was converted into a victualling office, for which purpose it is still used. Dover is celebrated in history as a place of the greatest importance ever since the Norman Conquest. Its ancient castle is supposed to have been built by Julius Cæsar. Henry the Second, about the year 1153, is said to have enclosed it with a new wall. The present entrance is on the south side of the main tower, by a grand flight of steps round the eastern side to the third story, or the governor’s apartments. These steps were secured by three strong gates, at each of which was a chamber or guard room, and a dungeon for prisoners, in which several persons of distinction have been confined at different times, but now used only for disorderly soldiers. These entrances, before the use of gunpowder, were impregnable, the walls being 18 feet thick. Without the Duke of Suffolk’s gate are commodious barracks, and wells which supply the garrison with water, being about 370 feet deep. After this castle was surrendered to William the Conqueror, it was considerably strengthened, and made more secure by the erection of two exterior walls from the Saxon fortification to the very edge of the perpendicular cliff and additional towers. In the exterior wall of the castle are 17 towers, most of them named from the persons under whom they were erected. In the reign of Charles I. this strong fortress was taken by surprise by a few men in the night. One Drake, a zealous republican, formed a plan to seize the garrison; and, accompanied by 10 or 12 men, at midnight, by the assistance of ropes and scaling ladders, he reached the top of the high cliff undiscovered. Having dispatched the sentinel, they threw open the gates, and the garrison, who were few in number, in the confusion supposing themselves to be attacked by superior numbers, surrendered up the castle to this handful of desperadoes. Under the castle to the north of the town, Captain Smith, the father of the gallant Sir Sidney Smith, has erected a pleasant though whimsical residence, called The Cave; it is hewn out of the solid rock. Near the edge of the cliff is a beautiful piece of brass ordnance, 24 feet long, cast at Utrecht, in 1544, called Queen Anne’s Pocket Pistol, finely ornamented with figures in bass-relief: it was a present from the States of Holland to the Queen, and is said to be capable of carrying a twelve pound shot to the distance of seven miles. In time of peace this town is a great thoroughfare for persons passing and re-passing to and from France, the channel here being only nine leagues across to Calais, and with a fair wind the voyage is often made in one tide. The harbour has been considerably improved of late years, but still will only admit vessels of moderate burthen. The piers which form the haven are very costly works, defended by some very strong batteries, which are now continued in a chain along the coast, with numerous martello towers, &c. The market days are on Wednesday and Saturday. |
| 117 | Downhead, Somerset, 166. A hamlet containing 43 houses, and 225 inhabitants. |
| 59 | Down Hurstbourn, Hants, 100. |
| 106 | Down, Little, Dorset, 107. |
| 86 | Down, Little, Wilts, 162. |
| 122 | Down, North, Dorset, 110. |
| 127 | Down, North, Somerset, 142. |
| 45 | Down Wood, Sussex, 20. |
| 224 | Dozmare Pool, Cornwall, 154. |
| Drayton, Hants, 214, 223. | |
| 90 | Drove End, Wilts, 105. |
| 64 | Droxford, Hants, 97. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1199 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated in a fine open country, having an extensive view over Portsdown. The church is a good building, of Saxon architecture. |
| 80 | Druidical Temple, Wilts, 183, 198.
The ruins of this temple evidently manifest
its having once been the most extensive
in the kingdom of which at present we
have any remains, though from its situation
being low, and it having been encroached
upon by a village being formed
within its area, consequently obscuring it
by the erection of houses, planting trees,
hedges, &c. it has not become so much an
object of attention as Stonehenge, and
other relicks of the kind situated on more
commanding and less cultivated districts.
This is nevertheless more calculated to
excite astonishment, if strictly investigated,
than any one of the others, though, from
the circumstances above stated, it is certainly
less striking to the superficial observer.
As a monument of the peculiar
rights and customs of a people with whose
history, manners, and establishments we
are totally unacquainted, this stupendous
ruin certainly claims particular attention,
there being still remaining numerous objects
to awaken curiosity, and excite research. In its perfect state, this immense temple must have presented an appearance at once solemn and impressive: at present, part of its site is occupied by the village of Avebury, with the high road passing through it, bounded by lofty hills, and the greater part encircled by a deep and wide ditch, and a lofty vallum, within which are several very large stones, some standing erect, and others lying on the ground; at some distance, south and west of the village, are other stones in similar situations. According to Stukely, this temple originally consisted of 650 stones, independent of a large cromlech about a mile to the north. The vast barrow, called Silbury Hill, and numerous others in the neighbourhood, are all apparently connected with the work. |
| 186 | Drum Bridge, Devon, 118. |
| 223 | Drywork, Cornwall, 154. |
| 103 | Duncliff, Dorset, 139. |
| 110 | Duncorn Hill, Somerset, 187. |
| 53 | Duncton, Sussex, 39. A parish containing 30 houses, and 205 inhabitants. |
| 51 | Duncton Common, Sussex, 39. |
| 53 | Duncton Hill, Sussex, 39. |
| 111 | Dunkerton, Somerset, 187. A parish containing 46 houses, and 238 inhabitants. |
| 89 | Dunkirk, Wilts, 199. |
| 37 | Dunk’s Place, Kent, 19. |
| 55 | Dunstan’s, St., Kent, 8. A parish containing 132 houses, and 707 inhabitants. |
| 21 | Dunton Green, Kent, 17. |
| Durrington, Sussex, 218. | |
E. |
|
| 38 | Early Common, Berks, 177. |
| 59 | Eartham, Sussex, 42. A parish containing 19 houses, and 114 inhabitants. |
| 59 | Eartham Common, Sussex, 42. |
| 49 | Easebourn, Sussex, 34. A parish containing 90 houses, and 764 inhabitants. |
| 61 | Eastergate, Sussex, 42. A parish containing 21 houses, and 163 inhabitants. |
| 64 | Eddington, Berks, 181. (Population included with Chilton) |
| 139 | Edington, Somerset, 191. A hamlet situated on a Moor, containing 46 houses, and 284 inhabitants. A number of clay moulds have been found here for making Roman coins, some of them joined with the metal in them, 20 of which are still preserved in the Ashmolean Museum. |
| 52 | Egdean, Sussex, 43. A small parish, containing 11 houses, and 72 inhabitants. |
| 51 | Egdean Common, Sussex, 43. |
| 18 | Egham, Surrey, 71. A parish containing 363 houses, and 2190 inhabitants. On Runny Mead are annual horse races, which are well attended. |
| 19 | Egham Common, Surrey, 71. |
| 120 | Emborrow, Somerset, 189. A township containing 54 houses, and 241 inhabitants. |
| Emsworth, Hants, 215. A hamlet to the parish of Warblington, pleasantly situated close to the sea, and noted for the peculiar flavour of its oysters. A small neat chapel has been erected here, the parish church of Warblington being above a mile distant. | |
| Emsworth Harbour, Sussex, 215. | |
| End, East, Hants, 212. | |
| End, East, Wilts, 207. | |
| End, West, Hants, 212. | |
| 45 | Englefield, Berks, 178. A parish containing 62 houses, and 336 inhabitants. |
| 246 | Enoder, St., Cornwall, 157. A parish containing 159 houses, and 869 inhabitants. |
| 14 | Epsom, Surrey, 62. This village is delightfully
situated on the west side of Banstead
Downs, near which are some medicinal
springs, discovered in 1618, formerly
in much repute, but now, like most of those
near London, quite neglected. This place is but badly supplied with water, chiefly from a pond in the middle of the town, at one end of which is the town close. The church stands about a mile and a half from the town. On the Downs are annual horse races, which are generally much frequented. The race-course being on an elevated situation, commands an extensive view of the surrounding country. Epsom contains 414 houses, and 2404 inhabitants. |
| 15 | Epsom Common, Surrey, 62. |
| 252 | Erme, St., Cornwall, 158. A parish containing 70 houses, and 358 inhabitants. |
| 15 | Esher, Surrey, 25. A parish containing 154 houses, and 874 inhabitants. It commands a pleasant and beautiful prospect over the surrounding country. |
| 17 | Esher Common, Surrey, 25. |
| 22 | Eton, Bucks, 175. This village, which consists principally of one street, is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river Thames, opposite Windsor, to which it is connected by a bridge. It contains 290 houses, and 2026 inhabitants. |
| 22 | Eton College, Bucks, 175. This noble
seminary of learning was founded by the
unfortunate Henry the Sixth, in the year
1440. It is most advantageously situated
in a valley both healthy and fertile, through
which the river Thames winds its delightful
course at a short distance from its walls,
contributing greatly to the beauty of this
truly interesting scene. This institution supports a provost, vice-provost, and seventy scholars, with various officers and assistants. Besides which there are seldom less than 300 noblemen and gentlemen’s sons, who board with the masters, and receive their education at this seminary. The college consists of two quadrangles: one of them is appropriated to the school, and the lodging of the masters and scholars; the other contains the apartments of the provost and fellows, and likewise the library, which is regarded as one of the finest in Europe. Some very valuable drawings, paintings, and oriental manuscripts, are among its curiosities. The chapel is a fine gothic structure, ornamented with pinnacles and embrasures. |
| 68 | Ewell, Kent, 10. A parish containing 34 houses, and 172 inhabitants. |
| 13 | Ewell, Surrey, 61. A market town and parish, containing 194 houses, and 1112 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated, and remarkable for its numerous crystal springs, which unite and form the head of a fine stream, called Hog’s Mill River, which falls into the Thames at Kingston. The market is on Thursday. |
| 172 | EXETER, Devon, 116, 147, 197. This
city was formerly called Excestor, or a city
standing on the river Ex, and more anciently
Isex; it was the Isca Danmoniorum
of the Romans. It is about three miles in
circumference, a bishop’s see, and contains
3208 houses, and 20,305 inhabitants,
together with fifteen churches within the
walls, and four without, besides several
chapels. The cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, is a magnificent pile; but little of the original fabric remains, except the Lady Chapel. It has a ring of twelve bells, and an excellent organ. On the left side of the altar is still to be seen the seat where Edward the Confessor and his Queen sat and installed Leofricus, the first bishop, and in the south aisle is the same bishop’s monument. The north tower contains a bell, weighing 17,472 pounds. This city consists of four principal streets, all well paved, and meeting at a point, near which is a conduit. In the north-east part is an old castle, supposed to have been first built by the West Saxons, and was remarkably strong, both by nature and art; it also contains many spacious and elegant public buildings, and has a good bridge over the Ex, which cost £20,000. By means of floodgates, for keeping up the water at the flowing of the tide, vessels of 150 tons are brought to the quay near the city walls. Exeter gives title of marquis to the Cecil family, and sends two members to parliament. Its principal manufactures are woollen goods, of various descriptions; and here is held a weekly serge market, the largest in England, excepting that at Leeds, besides two other markets on Wednesday and Friday, for provisions, &c. This city is reckoned very healthy, notwithstanding its numerous population, and the closeness of the buildings. |
| 62 | Exton, Hants, 96. A parish containing 37 houses, and 224 inhabitants. About two miles distant from the town, on a hill, there appears to have been a Roman camp, fortified with a rampart, called Old Winchester, where, according to tradition, there was formerly a city. |
| 136 | Eype Down, Dorset, 112. |
| Eyre’s Summer House, Wilts, 209. | |
F. |
|
| 18 | Fair Mile, Surrey, 25. |
| 243 | Fairy Cross, Cornwall, 126. |
| 54 | Falmer, Sussex, 60. A parish containing 48 houses, and 255 inhabitants. |
| 279 | Falmouth, Cornwall, 130. A sea port
and market town of considerable trade,
situated at the mouth of the river Fale,
containing 578 houses, and 4849 inhabitants,
and having a commodious harbour,
of sufficient depth to contain the largest
ships, and defended by two castles, strongly
fortified, built by Henry the Eighth. The town is tolerably well built, and has a custom-house for most of the Cornish towns. It carries on a considerable fishery of pilchards; and the packet boats for Spain, Portugal, and the West Indies, are established here. It has a good market on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. |
| Falmouth Harbour, Cornwall, 130. (see Falmouth) | |
| 73 | Fareham, Hants, 98, 222. A market
town, situated at the north-west extremity
of Portsmouth Harbour, containing 621
houses, and 3325 inhabitants. During the
summer season this town is much frequented
for the purpose of sea-bathing,
having a commodious bathing-house; and
the houses are tolerably well built. Its principal manufactures are sacking and ropes; it has also a considerable trade in coals, and a good market on Wednesday. |
| Farlington, Hants, 214, 223. A parish containing 53 houses, and 302 inhabitants. | |
| 32 | Farnborough, Hants, 80. A parish containing 48 houses, and 241 inhabitants. |
| 14 | Farnborough, Kent, 16. A township and chapelry, containing 57 houses, and 314 inhabitants. |
| 38 | Farnham, Surrey, 81. A market
town, situated on the river Wey, containing
538 houses, and 2910 inhabitants, and deriving
its name from the quantity of fern
which grows in its vicinity. The town is
neat, well paved, and has several handsome
houses. Near this town is a cave formed in a rock, called Mother Ludlam’s Hole, through which passes a continual stream of fine water, which, after falling down a number of marble steps, runs into the river in the meadow below: this grotto is said to have been the favourite study of Dean Swift, when on a visit to Sir William Temple. It is large, but diminishes gradually, and winds away as the spring seems to have directed it. The bottom is paved with Mosaic tile: it is separated by a little parapet, through which the water flows, and falls into small marble troughs below each other, till conveyed out of the grotto. It appears that these springs were collected together for the use of the adjacent monastery. Part of the abbey and chapel ruins are still to be seen. In the neighbourhood are many extensive hop plantations. The market is held on Thursday. |
| 22 | Farnham End, Bucks, 175. |
| 50 | Farringdon, Hants, 95. A parish containing 64 houses, and 387 inhabitants. |
| 47 | Faversham, Kent, 7. A market town
and parish, situated on the river Swale,
containing 639 houses, and 3655 inhabitants.
The town appears to be very ancient,
and the two Roman saints, Crispin
and Crispianus, are said to have founded
an asylum here, where they were bound
apprentices to a shoemaker. So early as the year 811, this was denominated the King’s Town, in which King Cenwall granted a charter to Wulford, Archbishop of Canterbury. Here are also to be seen the ruins of an abbey, founded by King Stephen. The parish church is supposed to have been built about the reign of Edward the First. It is in the form of a cross: the walls are of flint, quoined with stone from Caen. The inside of the church is handsome, and well worthy of observation. Here are likewise an elegant assembly room, and a neat theatre. Faversham is noted for its extensive manufacture of gunpowder, and also for its celebrated oyster fishery, in which near 200 families are employed. The markets, which are held on Wednesday and Saturday, are well supplied with all kinds of provisions. |
| 28 | Felbridge, Sussex, 56. |
| 159 | Fenny Bridges, Devon, 115. |
| 45 | Fernhurst, Sussex, 34. |
| 106 | Fifehead, Dorset, 139. A parish containing 15 houses, and 72 inhabitants. |
| 69 | Fifield, Hants, 159. A parish containing 43 houses, and 193 inhabitants. |
| 56 | Filmer Hill, Hants, 96. |
| 51 | Finden, Sussex, 67. A parish containing 57 houses, and 381 inhabitants. |
| Fishbourn, Sussex, 215. A parish containing 26 houses, and 309 inhabitants. | |
| Fishbourn, Old, Sussex, 215. | |
| 43 | Fisher Street, Sussex, 37. |
| 88 | Fisherton de-la-Mere, Wilts, 162, 207. A parish containing 57 houses, and 207 inhabitants. |
| 81 | Fisherton, Wilts, 136, 209. A parish containing 189 houses, and 865 inhabitants. This place is of great antiquity, and formerly had a house of black friars. |
| 50 | Fish Pond Wood, Kent, 7. |
| 52 | Fittleworth, Sussex, 43. A parish containing 81 houses, and 564 inhabitants. |
| 53 | Fittleworth Bridge, Sussex, 43. |
| 242 | Five Barrow Hill, Cornwall, 126. |
| 174 | Five Bridges, Devon, 196. |
| 107 | Five Bridges, Dorset, 139. |
| 220 | Five Lanes, Cornwall, 153. |
| 44 | Flimwell, Sussex, 20. |
| 116 | Flowers Hill, Somerset, 202. |
| 279 | Flushing, Cornwall, 130. |
| 27 | Folly, The, Berks, 176. |
| 91 | Fonthill Down, Wilts, 163. |
| 94 | Fonthill Giffard, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 76 houses, and 494 inhabitants. |
| 208 | Ford, Devon, 121. |
| 140 | Ford, Somerset, 191. |
| 79 | Ford, Wilts, 103, 135. |
| 38 | Ford Green, Sussex, 58. |
| 121 | Fordington Fields, Dorset, 171. |
| 143 | Fordwater, Dorset, 144. |
| 80 | Forest, New, Hants, 87, 88, 92. This forest extends from Godshill on the north-west, to the sea on the south-east about 20 miles, and from Hardley on the east, to Ringwood on the west, being 15 miles; containing 92,365 statute acres: and from its situation, with respect to water carriage, and its vicinity to Portsmouth Dock-yard, is far superior to every other forest in the kingdom. |
| 32 | Forest Row, Sussex, 57. |
| 77 | Forton, Hants, 98. (Population included with Gosport) |
| 110 | Fosse Road, Somerset, 187. |
| 225 | Four Holes Cross, Cornwall, 154. |
| 91 | Fovant, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 100 houses, and 514 inhabitants. |
| 244 | Fradden, Cornwall, 157. |
| 56 | Freefolk, Hants, 100. A hamlet containing 8 houses, and 54 inhabitants. Here is a paper mill, where the finer kinds of paper are manufactured, particularly that sort used by the Bank of England. |
| 68 | Friars’ Hill, Hants, 78. |
| 45 | Friars’ Oak, Sussex, 50. |
| 44 | Friday’s Hill, Sussex, 34. |
| 30 | Frimley, Surrey, 80. A hamlet containing 83 houses, and 532 inhabitants. |
| 30 | Frimley Bridge, Hants, 80. |
| 27 | Frimley Heath, Surrey, 72, 80. |
| 102 | Frog Lane, Wilts, 164. |
| 67 | Froxfield, Wilts, 182. A parish containing 128 houses, and 492 inhabitants. Here is a handsome and well-endowed almshouse, founded by Sarah, Duchess Dowager of Somerset, for the maintenance of 30 poor widows. |
| 44 | Froyle, Hants, 82. A parish containing 123 houses, and 744 inhabitants. |
| 84 | Fugglestone, Wilts, 136, 208. A parish containing 111 houses, and 590 inhabitants. |
| 193 | Fullaford, Devon, 149. |
| 47 | Furley Hill, Sussex, 34. |
| 43 | Furness, Old, Sussex, 65. |
| 193 | Furzely, Devon, 119. |
| 77 | Fyfield, Wilts, 183. |
G. |
|
| 26 | Gad’s Hill, Kent, 4. This place has been rendered famous by Shakspeare making it the scene of the frolics of Henry the Fifth, when Prince of Wales, and his companion Falstaff. On the spot is a public house, bearing the prince’s head on one side, and the fat knight and his companion on the other. |
| 192 | Gaggs, Devon, 119. |
| 19 | Galley Hill, Kent, 3. |
| 22 | Gander’s Hole, Surrey, 47. |
| 243 | Gaverigon, Cornwall, 156. |
| 239 | Gelly Copse, Cornwall, 125. |
| 226 | Germains, St., Cornwall, 124. A
borough, town, and parish, containing
350 houses, and 2030 inhabitants. The
town is situated on a rising ground near
the river Tidi, a branch of the Lyhner.
It was a bishop’s see, gives title of Earl
to the family of Eliot, and sends two
members to parliament. It owes its name
to a bishop of Auxene, who extirpated the
Pelagian heresy from Britain, and to whose
memory King Athelstan here founded a
priory of secular canons. The see of
Bodmin was translated hither in 981, and the
remains of the bishop’s palace may still be
traced in a farm about one mile distant
from the town. The conventual church,
which is now used as the parish church, is
a large and handsome building, and still
contains an episcopal choir, and the prebends’
stalls. The parish of St. Germains is the largest in the county, including sixteen villages. |
| 64 | Giles’s, St., Hill, Hants, 84. |
| 131 | Glastonbury, Somerset, 190. A
market town, consisting of two parishes,
containing 486 houses, and 2337 inhabitants.
It derived its celebrity from its
abbey, which, during a period of six hundred
years, surpassed in value and authority
every other in England, except that of
Westminster; the grandeur of its ruins
still convey an idea to the beholder of its
ancient magnificence. The abbot lived in
all the state of regal splendour, with an income
of near forty thousand pounds per
annum. The last abbot, refusing to surrender
his abbey to King Henry the Eighth,
was, with two of his monks, drawn on a
hurdle to the Torr, near the town, and
there hanged. This is said to be the burial place of the famous King Arthur. The town and environs of Glastonbury abound with religious relics; the most conspicuous of which is the Torr, or St. Michael’s Tower, which still remains an object of admiration to travellers. The town was built by king Ina, about the year 708, when after having been destroyed by the Danes, and subsequently by fire, it was rebuilt by Henry the Second. Near the town are found several petrifactions, resembling snakes, cockles, oyster-shells, &c. The market is on Tuesday. |
| 277 | Gluvias, St., Cornwall, 130. |
| 33 | Godalming, Surrey, 27. A market town and parish, containing 680 houses, and 3543 inhabitants. This town is delightfully situated in a valley by the side of the river Wey, which is navigable from thence to Weybridge, where it falls into the Thames. The church is a neat building with a high and handsome spire. Its chief manufactures are woollen goods, particularly stockings and fleecy hosiery. Market on Saturday. |
| 20 | Godstone Green, Surrey, 55. |
| 181 | Golds Cross, Devon, 148. |
| 275 | Gonree, Cornwall, 130. |
| 275 | Gonree Moor, Cornwall, 130. |
| 78 | Gosport, Hants, 98. A market town
situated on the west side of Portsmouth
Harbour, over which there is a constant
ferry. It contains 1474 houses, and 7788
inhabitants. This is a place of great trade and business, but more particularly so in time of war, from the number of docks here for the King’s service, and likewise a large iron foundery, in which various articles are cast for the use of the navy. A little to the south of this town near the sea, is that noble building, Haslar Hospital, for the cure of the sick and wounded seamen in his Majesty’s service. This building was begun in 1746, and finished in 1762, it stands on a dry gravelly soil, and is surrounded with an airing ground, near a mile in circumference, enclosed with a wall twelve feet high. On a pediment in the front of the hospital are various emblematical sculptures. The hall is very spacious, and the wards are all uniformly sixty feet long, and twenty broad. It has a strong fort, with a platform well mounted with cannon to defend the entrance into the harbour. The market is on Saturday. |
| 260 | Grampound, Cornwall, 128. A borough and market town, containing 99 houses, and 601 inhabitants. It was made a borough, with very extensive privileges, by Edward the First, particularly that of freedom of toll throughout all Cornwall. It has a good stone bridge over the river Fale, or Vale, which is of considerable breadth here; and sends two members to Parliament. The market is on Saturday. |
| 67 | Gravel Hill, Hants, 97. |
| 22 | Gravesend, Kent, 3. A market-town,
and the first port in the river Thames,
containing 536 houses, and 31,119 inhabitants. The old town of Gravesend was burnt in 1380 by the French and Spaniards, who came up the river in row gallies. The present town was erected for the defence of the river in 1513, and, by a grant of Richard the Second, enjoys the privilege of conveying passengers to and from London. The boats depart from Billingsgate every tide at high water, on the ringing of a bell, and from Gravesend to London every flood. The fare, which was originally twopence, is now one shilling and sixpence. The church, which is an elegant building, was erected in 1731. All outward-bound vessels are obliged to bring-to here, till they have been examined by the proper custom house officers, and receive their clearances; here also all foreigners are detained on arriving from abroad, till they have obtained permission from the Secretary of State’s office to proceed; and all foreigners departing, must receive their clearances from the Alien Office here. Opposite the Block-house, on the Essex shore, is Tilbury Fort, having a strong battery. The market on Wednesday and Saturday is well supplied, and on Sunday there is a good fish market. |
| 41 | Gray’s Wood Common, Surrey, 33. |
| 227 | Greenbarrow, Cornwall, 154. |
| 264 | Green Mill, Cornwall, 128. |
| 42 | Green Street, Kent, 6. |
| 15 | Green Street Green, Kent, 16. |
| 239 | Gregland, Cornwall, 156. |
| 117 | Greys Wood, Dorset, 109. |
| 87 | Grims Ditch, Wilts, 104. |
| 186 | Grindown, Devon, 148. |
| 29 | Grinsted, East, Sussex, 57. A borough,
market town, and parish, containing
450 houses, and 2804 inhabitants. It is
a borough by prescription of great antiquity,
and sends two members to parliament.
The tower of the church fell down
in 1785, after having stood just 100 years,
and so much damaged the church, that the
whole was obliged to be rebuilt. At the end of the town is a large handsome stone building, called Sackville College, erected by Sackville, Duke of Dorset, in the reign of James the First; in which are accommodations for 24 aged persons of both sexes, where each has a comfortable room, and a yearly allowance of £8. It is governed by a warden and two gentlemen assistants; and has a neat chapel, wherein the warden reads prayers every morning. A suit of apartments in this edifice was intended for the occasional residence of his Grace, but as he never occupies it, the rooms are used by the Judges of the Circuit during the Assizes, which are generally held here in Lent, though the county gaol is at Horsham. The market is on Thursday, chiefly for corn. |
| 43 | Grinsted, West, Sussex, 65. A parish containing 133 houses, and 939 inhabitants. |
| 29 | Guildford, Surrey, 27. A borough
and market town, containing 527 houses,
and 2974 inhabitants; it is pleasantly situated
on the side of a chalk hill on the
banks of the river Wey, and was anciently
a royal town, being the residence of our
monarchs. Part of the remains of its castle
are still visible, especially the square
tower, or keep, which has been a place of
great strength. Here are also some remains
of a palace of considerable extent. Guildford gives title of Earl to the family of North; and sends two members to parliament. It has a theatre and several handsome public buildings; near the town is a circular race course, where a plate of 100 guineas value, left by King William the Third, is annually run for in the Whitsun-week, at which time there are also three subscription plates run for; these races are in general well attended. The market is on Saturday, and is well supplied. |
| 96 | Guissage, St. Andrew, Dorset, 106. |
| 98 | Guyers, Wilts, 186. |
H. |
|
| 178 | Hal Down, Devon, 117. |
| Hall Court, Hants, 213. | |
| 60 | Halnaker, Sussex, 40, 216. |
| Hambrook Common, Sussex, 215. | |
| 37 | Hammer Ponds, Witley Common, Surrey, 28. |
| 3 | Hammersmith, Middlesex, 69. This village is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the Thames, having many handsome seats and villas in its neighbourhood; here is also a nunnery, in which many devotees have taken the veil, and doomed themselves to voluntary seclusion. Hammersmith contains 871 houses, and 5600 inhabitants. |
| Hamoaze, Devon, 122. (See Plymouth.) | |
| Hampnet, East, Sussex, 216. | |
| 62 | Hampnet, West, Sussex, 40, 216. |
| Hampot, Sussex, 217. | |
| 96 | Hampreston Heath, Dorset, 89. |
| 37 | Hampstead Hill, Sussex, 49. |
| 65 | Hampton, Little, Sussex, 44. A parish and small sea port, situated at the mouth of the river Arun, containing 112 houses, and 584 inhabitants. Of late years this place has been much frequented during the season for sea bathing. In the neighbourhood formerly stood several religious houses, and the remains of a Benedictine monastery are still to be seen at Boxgrove. |
| 35 | Hand Cross, Sussex, 49. |
| 41 | Handstay Cross, Sussex, 50. |
| Hanging Langford, Wilts, 207. | |
| 54 | Harbledown, Kent, 8. A parish containing 95 houses, and 473 inhabitants. The church is pleasantly situated on a hill, opposite to which is an hospital and chapel. |
| 106 | Hardway, Somerset, 173. |
| 32 | Hare Hatch, Berks, 177. |
| 13 | Harlington, Middlesex, 174. A parish containing 70 houses, and 363 inhabitants. |
| 13 | Harlington Corner, Middlesex, 174. |
| 82 | Harnham, Wilts, 104. A hamlet containing 40 houses, and 186 inhabitants. |
| 82 | Harnham Hill, Wilts, 104. |
| 35 | Hartford Bridge, Hants, 74. |
| 129 | Hartlake Bridge, Somerset, 190. |
| 129 | Hartlake Drain, Somerset, 190. |
| 36 | Hartley Row, Hants, 74. |
| 128 | Haselborough, Somerset, 142. |
| 99 | Haselbury Hill, Wilts, 186. |
| 42 | Haslemere, Surrey, 33. A borough and market town, containing 156 houses, and 756 inhabitants. It is a very ancient borough by prescription, and has sent members to parliament ever since the reign of Edward the Fourth. It is said formerly to have had five parish churches, although it has now only a chapel to the mother church of Chiddingfold. Its market is on Tuesday. |
| 63 | Hastings, Sussex, 22. A borough and
market town, situated between two hills,
and containing 710 houses, and 3848 inhabitants.
It is very ancient; in the year
924, in the reign of Athelstan, it had a
mint, and is supposed to have been built
by one Hastings, a Danish pirate, who
erected a fort here to secure his men in
their retreat, after having pillaged the
country. It is the principal of the Cinque
Ports, and formerly had a noted harbour,
but now a road only for small vessels, notwithstanding
the vast expence that has
been frequently incurred in order to clear
it. The churches of St. Clement’s and All Saints, are ancient fabrics; St. Clement’s contains several good monuments, and curious inscriptions, with a neat altar piece. All Saint’s is spacious, and has a pulpit cloth made of the canopy used at Queen Anne’s coronation. Between the parishes of St. Clement’s and All Saint’s runs a fresh water stream, called the Bourne, which supplies nearly the whole town with water. The town is commanded by a strong fort, and the whole of this coast is strongly fortified with batteries and martello towers. Here is also a barrack for foot soldiers, and a custom house, with an establishment of twelve riding officers; this place and its neighbourhood being famous for a trade in contraband goods. The streets are well paved, and from their inclination towards the sea, are easily kept clean and neat. At low water Hastings has a fine level sand, of a great extent, rendering bathing safe at any time of the tide, and it is a very fashionable watering place, having a convenient bathing room at the parade to the west of the town, which is, during the season, furnished with every elegant amusement. The environs of this place are beautifully romantic. At two miles distance is a large broad stone, on which it is said King William the Conqueror dined on his landing. On a hill westward of the town are the remains of an ancient castle, the walls of which are in some places eight feet thick: its shape is triangular, with the angles rounded, and the base or south side is formed of a perpendicular craggy cliff, about 400 feet long. A little to the west of Castle Cliff is a farm house, called the Priory, originally belonging to the order of Black Canons; some of its walls are still to be seen, and close to the farm yard is a piece of water, which, being drained off some years ago, discovered a large hole near 30 feet deep, with the remains of a sluice, gates, &c. This town was incorporated by James the Second, and sends two members to parliament. Here was fought the famous battle between Harold of England and William the Norman, in 1066, in which the former was defeated and killed, and the latter became king of England; in this battle the victors lost near 15,000 men, and the conquered many more. The market is held on Wednesday and Saturday, and is well supplied. |
| 3 | Hatcham, Surrey, 1. A hamlet containing 148 houses, and 734 inhabitants. |
| 101 | Hatt, Wilts, 200. |
| Havant, Hants, 214. A market town and parish, containing 335 houses, and 1670 inhabitants. The church is a very ancient building, and at a mile and a half distant are the ruins of Warblington Castle. Its market, which is held on Saturday, is well supplied with all kinds of grain. | |
| 37 | Haver Hill, Sussex, 49. |
| 220 | Hay, Cornwall, 123. |
| 114 | Haydon, Dorset, 140. A parish containing 17 houses, and 83 inhabitants. |
| 140 | Hay Moor, Dorset, 145. |
| 115 | Hazlegrove, Somerset, 166. |
| 61 | Headbourn, Worthy, Hants, 77. A parish containing 25 houses, and 153 inhabitants. |
| 178 | Heath Cross, Devon, 147. |
| 47 | Heath, North, Sussex, 34. |
| 14 | Heath Row, Middlesex, 174. |
| 171 | Heavitree, Devon, 116. A parish containing 163 houses, and 833 inhabitants. This being the place of execution for the city of Exeter, it is supposed to have derived its name from thence. It is very pleasantly and healthily situated, and a number of the inhabitants of Exeter have chosen it for a favourite residence. |
| 29 | Helden Green, Kent, 18. |
| 179 | Hele, Higher, Devon, 196. |
| 12 | Hell, Little, Surrey, 46. |
| 221 | Hendra, Cornwall, 153. |
| 47 | Henley Common, Sussex, 34. |
| 109 | Henstridge, Somerset, 140. A parish containing 152 houses, and 827 inhabitants. |
| 109 | Henstridge Ash, Somerset, 140. |
| 70 | Hens Wood, Wilts, 182. |
| 177 | Hentown, Devon, 147. |
| 53 | Herringdean Wood, Sussex, 35. |
| 258 | Hewas Water, Cornwall, 128. |
| Heytesbury, Wilts, 206. A borough
and parish, situated on the river Wyley,
containing 196 houses, and 1072 inhabitants.
The church is a spacious building, having
been formerly collegiate, with four prebends
in it belonging to Salisbury cathedral:
it is built in the form of a cross, with
a tower in the centre, containing six bells;
and is about 400 years old. Here is an
hospital for 12 aged men and one woman,
well endowed. The greater part of this place was destroyed by fire in 1766, from which circumstance the town has been considerably improved; it consists principally of one main street, and being on the borders of Salisbury Plain, is in a remarkably open and healthy situation. It is an ancient borough by prescription, and sends two members to parliament. A considerable woollen manufacture has been established here, which has much increased its population, and it formerly had a market. |
|
| 115 | Hicks’s Gate, Somerset, 202. |
| 127 | High Cross Hill, Somerset, 142. |
| Highdown Hill, Sussex, 218. | |
| 123 | Highleaze, Somerset, 142. |
| 249 | Highway, Cornwall, 127. |
| 112 | Hill, East, Somerset, 140. |
| 68 | Hilsea, Hants, 32. Here is a very extensive building of considerable age, called Portchester Castle, generally used for the reception of prisoners of war; here also are large and commodious barracks for foot soldiers. |
| 40 | Hindhead Heath, Surrey and Hants, 28. |
| 40 | Hindhead Hill, Surrey, 28. |
| 94 | Hindon, Wilts, 163. A borough and market town, containing 175 houses, and 793 inhabitants. This town suffered greatly by fire in 1754, from which circumstance many of the houses are built in the modern taste. The chapel of ease is a neat structure. Hindon is an ancient borough by prescription, returns two members to parliament, and has a market on Thursday. |
| 47 | Hoads Common, Sussex, 38. |
| 180 | Hockworthy, Devon, 148. A parish containing 56 houses, and 283 inhabitants. |
| Hog Wood, Somerset, 204. | |
| 105 | Holes Bay, Dorset, 90. |
| 217 | Holloway Cross, Cornwall, 153. |
| 239 | Hollywell, Cornwall, 156. |
| 253 | Holm Bush, Cornwall, 127. |
| 25 | Holmwood Common, Surrey, 63. |
| 109 | Holton, Somerset, 165. |
| 46 | Holybourn, Hants, 82. A hamlet containing 53 houses and 366 inhabitants. |
| 125 | Holy Tree, Somerset, 167. |
| 156 | Honiton, Devon, 114, 146, 170. A borough, market town, and parish, containing 600 houses, and 2735 inhabitants. This town is in a very improved state, the buildings being of modern erection, from its having suffered considerably by fire at different times: it is paved and lighted, and the houses mostly slated. The parish church stands about half a mile distant from the town on a bold eminence, and appears to have been erected at different periods; the tower, a square embattled building, 63 feet high, contains five bells, and near the church are stables to accommodate those who ride from the neighbouring villages to hear divine service. Its principal manufacture is that of broad lace. Before the entrance of the town is a hill which commands one of the finest prospects in the kingdom. The market is on Saturday. |
| 176 | Honiton’s Clyst, Devon, 116. |
| 39 | Hook, Hants, 74. |
| 40 | Hook Common, Hants, 74. |
| 26 | Hookwood Common, Surrey, 48. |
| 16 | Hooley, Surrey, 53. |
| 65 | Hopgrass, Wilts, 181. |
| 27 | Horley Church, Surrey, 48. |
| 61 | Horn Dean, Hants, 31. |
| 17 | Horn’s Cross, Kent, 3. |
| 39 | Horny Common, Sussex, 58. |
| 123 | Horrington, West, Somerset, 189. |
| Horsea Island, Hants, 223. | |
| 36 | Horsham, Sussex, 65. A borough, market town, and parish, situated on the river Arun, containing 638 houses, and 3839 inhabitants. It is said to derive its name from Horsa, the brother of Hengist the Saxon, by whom it is supposed to have been first built. It is a borough by prescription, and returns two members to parliament, which it has done ever since the reign of Edward the First. The church is an ancient building, and it has a good county gaol, and an established bank. The Assizes are frequently held here, and its market on Saturday, is well supplied with poultry, &c. |
| 45 | Horstead, Sussex, 59. A parish containing 88 houses, and 591 inhabitants. |
| 134 | Horton, Somerset, 168. |
| 135 | Horton, High, Somerset, 169. |
| 69 | Hothampton, Sussex, 41, 42. |
| 80 | Hounds Down Hill, Hants, 92. |
| 123 | Houndston, Somerset, 141. |
| 9 | Hounslow, Middlesex, 70, 174. A market town, situated on the edge of the heath which bears its name, on a branch of the river Coln, on which are some powder mills. On this heath are many vestiges of ancient encampments, and also some newly erected barracks for cavalry. Here, in 1686, James the Second encamped after the suppression of the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion. |
| 10 | Hounslow Heath, Middlesex, 70, 174. (See Hounslow.) |
| Hove, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 18 houses, and 101 inhabitants. | |
| 74 | How Ford, Hants, 98. |
| 112 | Huddox Hill, Somerset, 188. |
| 64 | Hungerford, 181. A market town and parish, situated on the banks of the Kennet, part in the county of Berks, and part in Wilts; containing 383 houses, and 1987 inhabitants. The church is an ancient building, it stands at the end of a pleasant walk, shaded with high trees, in the western quarter of the town. A bugle horn made of brass, and a drinking can, are here shown, both of which were presented as confirmations of charters granted to this town by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 64 | Hungerford Down, Berks, 181. |
| 23 | Huntercomb, Bucks, 175. |
| 89 | Hurcot, West, Wilts, 136. |
| 67 | Hursley, Hants, 85. A parish containing 201 houses, 1105 inhabitants. |
| 38 | Hurst Common, Surrey, 37. |
| 47 | Hurst Green, Sussex, 21. |
| 25 | Hurst Hill, Surrey, 48. |
I. |
|
| 249 | Jenkins Barrow, Cornwall, 157. |
| 185 | Jews Bridge, Devon, 118. |
| 120 | Ilchester, Somerset, 167. A borough,
market town, and parish, containing 416
houses, and 1862 inhabitants, pleasantly
situated on the river Ivel, which is not navigable.
It appears to have been a strong
fortified town in the time of the Romans,
and at the Norman Conquest was a city
containing several churches; the foundation
of its walls are still perceivable near the
river, and Yard Lane was formerly a ditch,
which entirely surrounded the town. The
fosse way retains its name, and passes
through the principal street, and the pavement
of the original ford across the river,
may be seen on the west side of the bridge,
formed of flag stones. The town at present consists of four streets, and it has a neat church. It is a borough by prescription, returns two members to parliament, and gives title of Earl to the family of Fox. The celebrated Roger Bacon was born at this town. On King’s Moor horse races are held, and the neighbourhood produces great quantities of excellent grain. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 132 | Ilminster, Somerset, 168. A market
town and parish, situated near the river
Ille, containing 377 houses, and 2160 inhabitants.
The church is a handsome building
ornamented with a quadrangular glazed
tower. It contains a monument erected
in the beginning of the 17th century, to
the memory of Nicholas Wadham and Dorothy
his wife, the founders of Wadham
College, Oxford. Here is a free grammar school, founded by Edward the Sixth, with a good salary, and a house for the head master, as also for his assistant. In the centre of the town stands the market house and shambles, where a market is held on Saturday. |
| 110 | Inn Wood, Somerset, 140. |
| 51 | John’s Cross, Sussex, 21. |
| 16 | John’s Hole, Kent, 3. |
| 43 | John’s, St., Common, Sussex, 50. |
| 22 | Iron Peartree Wells, Surrey, 56. |
| 24 | Irons Bottom, Surrey, 48. |
| Isherton, Wilts, 207. | |
| Itchen, Hants, 221. | |
| 204 | Ivy Bridge, Devon, 121. A populous little village, in a situation particularly healthy and pleasant. Here are some paper and block mills, and a neat chapel, erected in 1790. |
K. |
|
| 96 | Keesley Down, Wilts, 163. |
| 19 | Kennel, Surrey, 55. |
| 215 | Kenner’s House, Cornwall, 152. |
| 79 | Kennet, East, Wilts, 183. A parish containing 19 houses, and 102 inhabitants. |
| 79 | Kennet, West, Wilts, 183, 198. (Population included with East Kennet.) |
| 2 | Kennington Common, Surrey, 52. |
| 1 | Kensington, Middlesex, 69. A parish and pleasant village, containing 1433 houses, and 8556 inhabitants. |
| 1 | Kensington Gore, Middlesex, 69. |
| 117 | Kensington Place, Somerset, 203. |
| 114 | Keynsham, Somerset, 202. A market
town and parish, situated on the north side
of the Avon, it consists principally of
one street a mile long; containing 278
houses, and 1591 inhabitants. The town is built upon a rock replete with fossil ammonitæ, having a good stone bridge over the river Avon, leading to Gloucester, and another over the river Chew. The church is an ancient Gothic building, and it has a good market on Thursday. |
| 38 | Key Street, Kent, 6. |
| 266 | Kiggon Mill, Cornwall, 129. |
| 250 | Killegrew, Cornwall, 157. |
| 271 | Killiganoon, Cornwall, 129. |
| 148 | Kilmington, Devon, 113. A township in the parish of Axminster, containing 84 houses, and 444 inhabitants. |
| 103 | Kilmington, Somerset, 172. A parish containing 104 houses, and 504 inhabitants. |
| 103 | Kilmington Down, Somerset, 172. |
| 42 | Kiln Down, Kent, 20. |
| 31 | Kiln Green, Berks, 177. |
| 32 | Kingfold, Sussex, 64. |
| 13 | King’s Arbour, Middlesex, 174. |
| 102 | King’s Down, Wilts, 200. |
| 103 | King’s Down Hill, Wilts, 186, 201. |
| 44 | King’s Marsh, Sussex, 34. |
| 127 | Kingston, Dorset, 110. |
| 12 | Kingston, Surrey, 24. A market town
and parish, situated on the banks of the
Thames, over which it has a wooden
bridge. It contains 726 houses, and 4144
inhabitants. This town was either a royal residence or demesne, as early as the union of the Saxon heptarchy; some of the Saxon kings were crowned here, and close to the north side of the church is a large stone, on which tradition says, they sat during the ceremony. The church is a spacious handsome building, and the tower contains eight bells. Here are held the Lent Assizes for the county. The market is on Saturday. |
| 93 | Kingston, Lower, Hants, 94. |
| Kingston by Sea, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 11 houses, and 77 inhabitants. | |
| 104 | King’s Wood, Somerset, 172. |
| 61 | King’s Worthy, Hants, 77. |
| 62 | Kintbury, Berks, 181. A parish containing 282 houses, and 1430 inhabitants. |
| 36 | Kipping’s Cross, Kent, 19. |
| 184 | Knighton, Devon, 118. |
| 184 | Knighton Heathfield, Devon, 118. |
| Knightsbridge, Middlesex, 69. The most remarkable building here is St. George’s Hospital, which was formerly the seat of Lord Lanesborough. | |
| Knooke, Wilts, 206. A hamlet containing 30 houses, and 194 inhabitants. | |
| 117 | Knowl, Somerset, 203. |
| 70 | Knowl, Wilts, 182. |
| 30 | Knowl Hill, Berks, 176. |
| 97 | Knoyle, West, Wilts, 163. A hamlet containing 33 houses, and 184 inhabitants. |
L. |
|
| 36 | Lady Cross, Surrey, 33, 37. |
| 235 | Lady Park, Cornwall, 125. |
| 133 | Lady’s Down, Somerset, 143. |
| 93 | Lagpond, Wilts, 137. |
| 40 | Lamberhurst, 20. A parish situated part in Kent and part in Sussex; containing 89 houses, and 1057 inhabitants. |
| 41 | Lamberhurst Down, Sussex, 20. |
| 105 | Lamb Bridge, Somerset, 187, 201. |
| Lancing, Sussex, 218. A parish containing 79 houses, and 451 inhabitants. | |
| 94 | Lands End, Wilts, 185. |
| Lands, Old, Sussex, 215. | |
| Langford, Little, Wilts, 207, A parish containing 5 houses, and 25 inhabitants. | |
| 19 | Langley Broom, Bucks, 175. A parish containing 226 houses, and 1215 inhabitants. |
| 253 | Lannilley, Cornwall, 158. |
| 236 | Lanivet, Cornwall, 155. A parish containing 131 houses, and 513 inhabitants. |
| 236 | Lanivet Down, Cornwall, 155. |
| 247 | Lantivery, Cornwall, 126. A parish containing 134 houses, and 778 inhabitants. |
| 241 | Largin Castle, Cornwall, 125. |
| 212 | Launceston, Cornwall, 152. A borough,
market town, and parish, pleasantly
situated on the side of a hill on the river
Tamer, containing 278 houses, and 1758
inhabitants. Reginald, Earl of Cornwall,
built a castle here, which is spoken of by
Leland as one of the strongest works in the
kingdom. The tower is now made use of
as a prison. Launceston was made a free borough by Henry the Third, being before composed of two other boroughs. The knights of the shire are elected here, and the Winter Assizes are held at the Guildhall in this town, the Summer Assizes being removed to Bodmin. It has sent two members to parliament since the 23d of Edward the First. The church was built in the reign of Henry the Eighth, on the side of one of its walls is a fine figure of Mary Magdalen; most kinds of provisions are plentiful and reasonable, but coals are very dear. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday. |
| 98 | Launceston Down, Dorset, 106. |
| 58 | Lavant, East, Sussex, 36. A parish containing 53 houses, and 274 inhabitants. |
| 55 | Laverstock, Hants, 100. A parish containing 17 houses, and 88 inhabitants. |
| 50 | Lavington Common, Sussex, 35. |
| 235 | Lawrence, St., Cornwall, 155. |
| 71 | Lawrence, St., Kent, 13. A parish containing 234 houses, and 1068 inhabitants. |
| 120 | Leachmoor Pond, Somerset, 189. |
| 15 | Leaden Cross, Surrey, 53. |
| 18 | Leatherhead, Surrey, 62. A parish, and formerly a market town, containing 187 houses, and 1078 inhabitants. The town is situated on the right bank of the river Mole, which having sunk into the earth at Mickleham, at the foot of Box Hill, makes its appearance again near this place; standing on a rising bank it is very dry and pleasant, and has a brick bridge of 14 arches over the river. The church is built in the form of a cross. |
| 11 | Leaves Green, Kent, 16. |
| 62 | Leckford Hutt, Hants, 133. |
| 201 | Lee, Higher, Devon, 121. |
| 206 | Lee Mill Bridge, Devon, 121. |
| 99 | Leigh Common, Dorset, 89. |
| 63 | Leominster, Sussex, 44. A parish containing 60 houses, and 357 inhabitants. |
| 171 | Leonard Moor, Devon, 195. |
| 95 | Leonard’s, St., Bridge, 89. |
| 216 | Lestwithiel, Cornwall, 126. A borough, market town, and parish, containing 145 houses, and 825 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Fowey, which was formerly navigable, but is now choaked up with sand, and has a handsome church with a spire steeple. This borough has returned two members to parliament ever since the 23d of Edward the First. The market is on Friday. |
| 234 | Leveddon, Cornwall, 155. |
| 204 | Lew Cross, Devon, 151. |
| 51 | Lewes, Sussex, 59. A borough and market town, consisting of six parishes, containing 945 houses, and 6221 inhabitants. This town stands on the slope of a hill, on the banks of the river Ouse, surrounded by higher hills, and was formerly encompassed with walls. The gate and two towers of its ancient castle, built by William, Earl of Warren, in the 11th century, still remain. Lewes is a handsome town, and one of the largest and most populous in the county. It formerly had twelve churches, which are now reduced to six, including St. Thomas at Cliff, so called from its standing under the high chalky cliffs at the outskirts of the town. From a windmill in the neighbourhood, a fine view of the sea and the circumjacent country is obtained. It is a borough by prescription, but not incorporated, and has sent two members to parliament ever since the 23d of Edward the First. There is an annual horse race here for the King’s plate of 100 guineas. The market is on Saturday. |
| 52 | Lewes Race Ground, Sussex, 60. |
| 5 | Lewisham, Kent, 15. This village has
several good houses, inhabited by rich citizens
of the metropolis, who have retired
from business, or by those whose families
wish to enjoy the peaceful sweets of a
country life. The church is an elegant
modern edifice, containing several good
monuments by Banks and Flaxman. A branch of the river Ravensbourne runs through the village. Lewisham contains 686 houses, and 4007 inhabitants. |
| 5 | Lewisham Bridge, Kent, 15. |
| 85 | Lichinton, Wilts, 136. |
| 230 | Lidcott, Cornwall, 155. |
| 179 | Lilly Bridge, Devon, 147. |
| 47 | Limbo, Sussex, 38. |
| 38 | Lindridge Causeway, Kent, 19. |
| 46 | Liphook, Hants, 29. |
| 47 | Liphook, Common, Sussex, 29. |
| 214 | Lipson, Devon, 122 |
| 223 | Liscome, Cornwall, 123. |
| 234 | Liskeard, Cornwall, 125. A borough, market town, and parish, containing 549 houses, and 2884 inhabitants, and having a considerable manufacture of leather. The church is a large and noble building. The town hall is erected on stone pillars, with a turret on the top, and a clock with four dials. On the hills of North Liskeard are many tin mines. This borough was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, and returns two members to parliament. It has a very considerable market on Saturday. |
| 29 | Littlewick Green, Berks, 176. |
| 65 | Liverton, Berks, 181. |
| 73 | Lobcomb Corner, Wilts, 103, 134. |
| 203 | Lobhill, Devon, 151. |
| 77 | Lockeridge Dean, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 51 houses, and 194 inhabitants. |
| 13 | Locks Bottom, Kent, 16. |
| 90 | Lockswell Heath, Wilts, 185. |
| 92 | Lodge, Great, Wilts, 185. |
| 93 | Lodge, Little, Wilts, 185. |
| 127 | Lodmoor, Dorset, 171. |
| 94 | London Elm, Wilts, 137. |
| 105 | Lone Fleet, Dorset, 90. A tything to Pool, containing 120 houses, and 504 inhabitants. |
| 82 | Long Barrow Cross, Wilts, 161. |
| 33 | Long Bottom, Hants, 80. |
| 128 | Long Breedy Hutt, Dorset, 110. |
| 143 | Long Bridge, 145. |
| 102 | Long Cross, Wilts, 164. |
| 15 | Longford, Middlesex, 174. This village is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Colne, and is much frequented by anglers. |
| 140 | Longharris, Dorset, 112. |
| 102 | Long Lane End, Wilts, 172. |
| 236 | Looe Mills, Cornwall, 125. |
| 128 | Lopen, Somerset, 168. This village contains 71 houses, and 326 inhabitants. |
| 18 | Lords Wood, Kent, 17. |
| Lothbury, Hants, 211. | |
| 44 | Lotmore Green, Berks, 178. |
| 109 | Lotterford, Somerset, 165, |
| 94 | Louden, Wilts, 185. |
| 51 | Low Heath, Sussex, 43 |
| 28 | Lowfield Heath, Surrey and Sussex, 48. |
| 97 | Ludwell, Wilts, 138. |
| 66 | Lydden, Kent, 9. A parish containing 21 houses, and 103 inhabitants. |
| 209 | Lyfton, Devon, 152. |
| 209 | Lyfton Down, Devon, 152. |
| 91 | Lymington, Hants, 93. A borough
and market town, pleasantly situated on
the brow and declivity of a gentle hill, on
a creek of the English Channel, called
Boldre Water. It consists principally of
one long street, containing 541 houses, and
2641 inhabitants. Many of the houses are
well built, commanding most delightful
prospects of the English Channel, and the
Isle of Wight. There are two sets of
baths, one at the bottom of the town, the
other about half a mile from it, they are
very convenient, and are much frequented
during the season. The borough is a corporation
by prescription, and sends two
members to parliament. Market on Saturday. About a mile distant are the traces of a Roman Camp, known by the name of Buckland Rings, or Castle Field. |
| 83 | Lyndhurst, Hants, 92. A parish containing 170 houses, and 882 inhabitants. |
M. |
|
| 47 | Macknade, Kent, 7. |
| 122 | Maiden Castle, Dorset, 171. This is one of the strongest and most extensive camps in England, and is supposed to be of British origin; its form is an irregular ellipsis, surrounded by treble ditches and ramparts, the former are of prodigious depth, and the latter extremely high and very steep. The entrances to the east and west are strengthened by additional works; the ends of the ramparts lapping over each other, and rendering the outlets very winding and intricate. The inner rampart includes an area of about forty acres, and is nearly a mile and a quarter in circumference. Near the south side is the mouth of a cave, said to extend a considerable way; though it is now choaked up and impassable. This appears to have been a contrivance to obtain water, the river flowing through the valley at the distance of about a quarter of a mile. The ground rises gradually to the centre of the area, which commands an extensive prospect. |
| 168 | Maiden Down, Devon, 195. |
| 26 | Maidenhead, Berks, 176. A market town, containing 167 houses, and 792 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames, over which is a very commodious bridge of 13 arches. The principal trade of this town is in malt, meal, and timber. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 25 | Maidenhead Bridge, 176. |
| 28 | Maidenhead Thicket, Berks, 176. |
| Mansbridge, Hants, 212. | |
| 76 | Manton, Wilts, 183. |
| 110 | Maperton, Somerset, 165. A parish containing 22 houses, and 171 inhabitants. |
| 43 | Maplederwell Hatch, Hants, 75. |
| 19 | Marams Court Hill, Kent, 17. |
| 41 | Maresfield, Sussex, 58. A parish containing 170 houses, and 960 inhabitants. |
| 72 | Margate, Kent, 12. A market town
on the sea coast, pleasantly seated on the
north side of the Isle of Thanet, and a
member of the port of Dover; it contains
1291 houses, and 6126 inhabitants. The
principal improvements of Margate have
taken place since 1787, when an act of parliament
was obtained to rebuild the pier
with stone, since which it has become a very
fashionable resort for sea bathing. From
the increase of company, new buildings
became necessary for their accommodation,
by which the town was considerably enlarged
and greatly improved. On that
part next the coast there are many commodious
rooms, which are the morning resort
of the company, and whence they are
driven by turns into the sea, in bathing
machines. There are also four marble salt
water baths, filled from the sea, which may
be brought to any temperature. The church of St. John stands about half a mile from the lower end of the town; it is a large building of flint, rough cast, consisting of three long low aisles, separated by pillars of various forms. At the west end of the north aisle is a square tower with a low spire, containing six bells. It has many monuments of antiquity, with a good organ. Here is a general sea-bathing infirmary, which was opened in 1796. Margate has every amusement common with other fashionable watering places, having a neat theatre, assembly rooms, tea, card, and billiard rooms, &c. &c. About a mile and a half from the town, stands the rural spot of Dandelion, where are the remains of an ancient mansion and fortification, once of great strength, and belonging to the family of Dandelion. This place is now in great repute, and has alcoves, a bowling green, a platform for dancing, an orchestra, and every accommodation for company. Market on Wednesday and Saturday. |
| 74 | Marks Barn, Wilts, 206. |
| Marlborough, Wilts, 183. A borough and market town, consisting of two parishes; containing 456 houses, and 2579 inhabitants. It is situated on the banks of the river Kennet, and consists principally of a broad street with piazzas along one side of it. The churches, dedicated to St. Mary and St. Peter, have both square towers and six bells in each. This town gave title to the celebrated warrior, John Churchill, who was created Earl of Marlborough, by William the Third, in 1689, and Duke of Marlborough by Queen Anne; it has sent two members to parliament since the 28th of Edward the First. The market is on Saturday. | |
| 70 | Marlbrook Pond, Hants, 79. |
| 58 | Marsh Benham, Berks, 180. |
| 211 | Marsh Mill, Devon, 122. |
| 10 | Mason’s Hill, Kent, 16. |
| 233 | Maudlin, Cornwall, 125. |
| 62 | Maudlin, Sussex, 40, 216. |
| 129 | Mead, Somerset, 168. |
| 99 | Medleys, Wilts, 200. |
| 128 | Melcomb Regis, Dorset, 171. A
borough and market town, containing 423
houses, and 2350 inhabitants, situated at
the mouth of the river Wey, which separates
it from Weymouth, over which river
there is a wooden bridge of seventeen
arches. It has a good market place and
town hall, in which the members of the
Corporation of Weymouth attend public
business. This borough has sent two members to parliament ever since the reign of Edward the First. It is united to Weymouth as a sea port, corporation, and market town. Market on Tuesday and Friday. |
| 95 | Melksham, Wilts, 200. A town and parish, containing 759 houses, and 4030 inhabitants. Most of the houses in this town are well built of free stone, but not regular. It has one parish church, and three meeting houses for dissenters. Its chief manufacture is broad cloth, and it has a market every other Thursday for cattle. |
| 62 | Meonstoke, Hants, 96. A parish containing 50 houses, and 289 inhabitants. |
| 59 | Meon, West, Hants, 96. A parish containing 83 houses, and 536 inhabitants. |
| 100 | Mere, Wilts, 164. A market town and
parish, containing 457 houses, and 2211
inhabitants. It is a very straggling town,
indifferently built, and has a small cross, or
market house, where a market is held on
Thursday. In the reign of Henry the
Third it was the lordship of Edmund, Earl
of Cornwall, and had a castle belonging to
it, occupying the summit of an adjoining
eminence, very few traces of which now
remain. Its principal manufacture is bed-ticking. |
| 98 | Mere Down, Wilts, 172. |
| 219 | Merrifield, Cornwall, 123. |
| 187 | Merrymeet, Devon, 149. |
| 19 | Merstham, Surrey, 54. This village contains 100 houses, and 481 inhabitants. |
| 7 | Merton, Surrey, 61. This village is
seated on the river Wandle, over which it
has a bridge, remarkable for its arch, which
is turned with tiles, instead of brick or
stone, and it is the boundary of the three
parishes of Mitcham, Wimbledon, and
Merton. The parish contains 147 houses,
and 813 inhabitants. The church is an old
building of flint, and has been lately repaired
and ornamented. Merton was once celebrated for an abbey, founded in the reign of Henry the First, in which abbey, at a parliament held in 1236, the famous “Provisions of Merton,” (the most ancient body of laws after Magna Charta), were enacted, and the Barons gave that celebrated answer to the clergy, Nolumus leges Angliæ mutare. |
| 256 | Mewan, St., Cornwall, 127. A parish containing 130 houses, and 780 inhabitants. |
| Michelgrove Woods, Sussex, 217. | |
| 20 | Mickleham, Surrey, 62. A parish containing 53 houses, and 389 inhabitants. It is pleasantly seated at the foot of Box Hill, and watered by the river Mole. |
| 71 | Middlecot, Hants, 160. |
| Midford, Somerset, 204. | |
| 50 | Midgham, Berks, 179. A village containing 43 houses, and 340 inhabitants. |
| 49 | Midhurst, Sussex, 34. A borough, market town, and parish, containing 199 houses, and 1256 inhabitants, pleasantly seated on the banks of the river Arun, its name in Saxon signifying Middlewood. The town is in general well built, and is a borough by prescription; it has sent two members to parliament ever since the 4th of Edward the Third. The market is on Thursday. |
| 59 | Mid Lavant, Sussex, 36. A parish containing 182 houses, and 1073 inhabitants. |
| 59 | Mid Lavant Common, Sussex, 36. |
| 112 | Milborne Port, Somerset, 140. A borough and parish, containing 198 houses, and 953 inhabitants, pleasantly situated on a branch of the river Parret. The church is a good building, with a square tower, containing six bells, and a set of chimes. It is a borough by prescription, and returns two members to parliament. |
| 112 | Milbourne St. Andrews, Dorset, 108. A parish containing 44 houses, and 217 inhabitants. |
| 113 | Milbourne Wood, Dorset, 108. |
| 180 | Mile Stone Cross, Devon, 118. |
| 136 | Miles Cross, Dorset, 112. |
| 35 | Milford, Surrey, 27, 33, 37. (Population included with Godalming) |
| 245 | Milham, Cornwall, 126. |
| 48 | Milland Church, Sussex, 29. |
| 48 | Milland Common, Sussex, 29. |
| 145 | Millbrook, Devon, 144. |
| 76 | Millbrook, Hants, 91, 220. A parish containing 250 houses, and 1304 inhabitants. |
| 100 | Mills Plat, Wilts, 186. |
| 39 | Milton, Kent, 6. A market town and
parish, containing 321 houses, and 1746
inhabitants, situated at the head of a creek
that runs into the Swale, which separates
the Isle of Sheppey from the main land.
It is a place of great antiquity, being once
the residence of the kings of Kent. The church is a neat building, situated at some distance from the town; and contains several curious monuments. The town is tolerably well built, and has a port for barges: it is particularly noted for the produce of delicious oysters, called Milton oysters. The market is on Saturday. |
| 96 | Minety, Wilts, 185. |
| 68 | Minster Mills, Kent, 13. |
| 8 | Mitcham, Surrey, 46. The little river
Wandle winds through this parish, and is
celebrated as a trout stream: on it are
some snuff mills, spinning mills, and printed
calico manufactories. A considerable quantity
of medicinal plants are here propagated,
and it has an extensive common. The chancel of the church contains a monument to the memory of Sir Ambrose Crowley, Alderman of London, who died in 1713, and is celebrated in No. 75 of The Tatler, under the name of Sir Humphrey Greenhat. In 1637 the church was destroyed by lightning, and ten bells in part melted. Mitcham contains 604 houses, and 3466 inhabitants. |
| 248 | Mitchell, alias St. Michael, Cornwall, 157. A borough, containing 30 houses, and about 160 inhabitants. It was a place of note during the time of the Saxons, and was formerly called Modishole. It has sent two members to parliament ever since the 6th of Edward the Sixth. |
| 68 | Mollin’s Cot, Hants, 159. |
| 241 | Molly Toms, Cornwall, 156. |
| 180 | Monkaton, Devon, 196. |
| 147 | Monkton, Devon, 170. A hamlet containing 18 houses, and 121 inhabitants. |
| 122 | Monkton, Dorset, 171. |
| 101 | Monkton Down, Dorset, 107. |
| 66 | Monkton, Kent, 12, 13. A parish containing 59 houses, and 300 inhabitants. |
| 153 | Monkton, Somerset, 193. |
| 21 | Montem, Bucks, 175. (see Salt Hill) |
| 127 | Moor, Somerset, 168. |
| 152 | Moorcot, Dorset, 114. |
| 35 | Moor Street, Kent, 5. |
| 9 | Morden, Surrey, 61. A parish containing 65 houses, and 512 inhabitants. |
| 6 | Morden College, Kent, 1. (see Blackheath) |
| 139 | Morecamblake, Dorset, 112. |
| 234 | Mount Brandy, Cornwall, 125. |
| 19 | Mount Lee, Surrey, 71. |
| 154 | Mount Pleasant, Devon, 114. |
| 68 | Mount Pleasant, Kent, 13. |
| 130 | Mount Pleasant, Somerset, 190. |
| 36 | Mousall, Surrey, 27. |
| 173 | Mucksbere, Devon, 195. |
| 38 | Murrell Green, Hants, 74. |
N. |
|
| 124 | Nap Hill, Somerset, 189. |
| 187 | Narraway, Devon, 149. |
| 91 | Nash Hill, Wilts, 185. |
| 63 | Near, Berks, 181. |
| 117 | Nether Compton, Dorset, 141. |
| Netley, Hants, 221. This village is only remarkable for the remains of its once beautiful abbey, which are situated on the gentle declivity of a hill, near Southampton Water. It was founded by Henry the Third, about 1239, for Cistertian monks. The venerable ruins of its church, and many of its apartments covered with ivy, are generally visited by every traveller who resorts for pleasure to Southampton. | |
| 80 | Netley Marsh, Hants, 91. |
| 56 | Newbury, Berks, 180. A borough,
market town, and parish, containing 1028
houses, and 4898 inhabitants. The town
is situated in a valley on the banks of the
Kennet: it has long been famed for its extensive
woollen manufacture, and in the
reign of Henry the Eighth, one John
Winchcomb, better known by the name of
Jack of Newbury, kept 100 looms in his
own house. At the expedition to Flodden
Field, he marched against the Scots
with 100 of his men, all armed and clothed
at his own expense. He was also a considerable
benefactor to the building of its
present handsome church. The streets
here are very spacious, and well paved,
with a convenient market place, in which is
the Guildhall. Newbury was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, and once sent members to parliament, but was released therefrom on the petition of Jack of Newbury. The town hall is ornamented with a beautiful picture of the Surrender of Calais, painted by Price, Here are also several charitable institutions. The market is on Thursday. |
| 26 | New Chapel Green, Surrey, 56. |
| 140 | Newhaven, Somerset, 169. |
| 219 | Newhay, Cornwall, 153. |
| 37 | Newington, Kent, 5. A parish containing 61 houses, and 429 inhabitants. |
| 1 | Newington, Surrey, 23, 45. This village extends about a mile in length from Southwark to Kennington Common, towards which are many well-built houses, the residence of opulent merchants and tradesmen in the metropolis. It contains 2865 houses, and 14,847 inhabitants. The church was rebuilt on a larger scale, but on the same inconvenient spot, by the side of the great road, in 1793. It has in its church-yard a remarkable tomb, raised over the body of William Allen, a young man killed by the firing of the soldiers at the time that John Wilkes was in the King’s Bench Prison. There are several singular inscriptions, and among the rest—O earth, cover not thou my blood! which has excited general attention. |
| 249 | Newlyn Down, Cornwall, 157. |
| 110 | Newton, St. Loe, Somerset, 202. A parish containing 49 houses, and 371 inhabitants. |
| Newton, South, Wilts, 208. A parish containing 100 houses, and 541 inhabitants. | |
| 216 | Nicholas, St., Island, Devon, 122. This island is situated on the coast of Devonshire, in extent about three acres, lying before the mouth of Plymouth Harbour; it is strong both by art and nature, and on it is erected a battery, commanding the entrance to Hamoaze and Catwater, with barracks and apartments for a commanding officer. |
| 125 | Nine Stones, Dorset, 110. These stones are placed in a circular form, and are from three to seven feet in height, supposed to be the remains of a Druidical temple. |
| 33 | Nonsuch Green, Kent, 14. |
| 80 | Normanton Down, Wilts, 161. |
| Norridge, Wilts, 206. (Population included with Warminster) | |
| Norridge Wood, Wilts, 206. | |
| 20 | Northfleet, Kent, 3. A parish containing 291 houses, and 1910 inhabitants. It is situated on a high chalk hill, commanding a very extensive view of the river Thames and the county of Essex. The church is an extensive building, and contains several monuments of the 14th century. On the north wall is a beautiful alabaster monument to the memory of Dr. Brown, eminent for his skill in natural history, and physician to Charles the Second. Vast quantities of lime are burnt here, and extraneous fossils have been dug up. In the flint (of which there are frequent strata,) complete cockle shells filled with chalk are found, many of which are of an extraordinary size. |
| 120 | Northover, Somerset, 167. A parish containing 12 houses, and 56 inhabitants. |
| 231 | Norton, Cornwall, 155. |
| Norton Bovant, Wilts, 206. A parish containing 48 houses, and 264 inhabitants. | |
| 116 | Norton Down, Somerset, 188. |
| Norton, St. Philip, Somerset, 204. A parish containing 101 houses, and 557 inhabitants. | |
| 101 | Norwood, Wilts, 164. |
| 126 | Nottington, Dorset, 171. This place is famous for its medicinal spring, which has been found extremely serviceable in cutaneous and scorbutic disorders. It has a strong sulphurous smell, though perfectly limpid, and greatly resembles the Moffatt water in Scotland. |
| 94 | Notton, Wilts, 185. |
| Nutbourn, Sussex, 215. | |
| 38 | Nutley, Sussex, 58. (Population included with Maresfield) |
| Nutshalling Street, Hants, 220. | |
| 107 | Nyland, Somerset, 139. |
O. |
|
| 194 | Oakhampton, Devon, 149. A borough,
market town, and parish, containing
227 houses, and 1440 inhabitants. It is
pleasantly situated in a valley near the
source of the river Oak. The church
stands on a hill, one mile from the town;
and in the market place is an ancient
chantry chapel. In the suburbs are the
ruins of its ancient castle, dismantled by
Henry the Eighth, on the attainder of
Henry Courtney, Marquis of Exeter. It is a very ancient borough, and sends two members to parliament. The market is on Saturday. |
| 67 | Oak Hill, Wilts, 182. |
| 114 | Oborne, Dorset, 140. A parish containing 26 houses, and 132 inhabitants. |
| 20 | Ockham Heath, Surrey, 25. |
| 124 | Odcomb, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 70 houses, and 428 inhabitants. |
| 108 | Odd Down, Somerset, 187. |
| Offington, Sussex, 218. | |
| 84 | Oldbury Camp, or Bratton Castle, Wilts,
184. This ancient fortification is supposed
to be of Roman origin, but there is little
doubt of its being subsequently occupied
by the Danes and Saxons. On two sides,
where the acclivities of the hill are steep,
it is but slightly fortified, but on the other
sides it is defended by a double ditch and
lofty valla. On the slope of the hill on which stands Oldbury Camp, is the figure of a white horse in a trotting attitude, measuring 100 feet from the hoof to the tip of the ear, and 100 feet from the nose to the tail; it is formed by removing the turf from the surface of the soil, which is chalk. This curious monument is asserted by Gough to be an undoubted memorial of the victory obtained by Alfred over the Danes, near Eddington, in the year 878, resembling that by which he commemorated the victory he gained in Berkshire eight years before, having then only acted as lieutenant to his brother Ethelred. In the last battle he was not only commander in chief, but King of England; his affairs were in a most critical situation, and the Danes masters of a great part of his kingdom. This battle is supposed to have been fought near the village of Eddingdon, or Eddington, where the Danish army was encamped.—Alfred, with the utmost secresy, concealed his intentions, and by rapid movements appeared in sight of their camp before they had intelligence of his designs, immediately attacked them, and gained a complete victory. The Danes, however, defended themselves with great bravery, retreated to Bratton Castle, where they held out a siege of fourteen days, and obtained terms of capitulation, more favourable than they had reason to expect in their reduced situation. Gough supposes Bratton Castle to have been a fortification situate on the pinnacle of White Horse Hill, and that the horse here seen was formed to commemorate the victory of Alfred: while, on the other hand, Mr. Wise, in his dissertation on the White Horse of Berkshire, asserts, that this at Oldbury Camp is of modern construction, and that it was made within the memory of persons living at the time he visited it in 1742, by the inhabitants of Westbury, who instituted a revel, or festival, thereupon. The writer of this article was also informed, when making his survey, that it was executed at the expense and under the direction of Dr. Alsop, of Calne, about thirty years ago, at a revel then said to be held upon the spot. Camden, Gibson, and Gough, all agree in identifying Ethandun with Eddington, near Bratton Castle, and conceive the latter to have been the fortress to which the Danes retired after the battle. Such also are the sentiments of Sir Richard Colt Hoare. To attempt a discussion of the merits of these several opinions would occupy more space than our limits will admit. Amidst such conflicting testimony it is difficult to decide, but the writer is much inclined to adopt the opinion of the learned Baronet, that the inhabitants of Westbury might but retrace the nearly obliterated remains of an imperfect original, and in this he feels warranted from the information himself received, as before observed, upon the spot. In conclusion, he takes occasion to remark, that modern information is so extremely contradictory as to merit very little attention, and deems it most probable, that from the White Horse having been the standard used by Alfred, and the majority agreeing in fixing this as the spot to which the Danes retreated, it is not unreasonable to suppose that it was originally executed in commemoration of that victory. |
| 205 | Old Street Down, Devon, 151. |
| Oliver’s Tomb, Sussex, 218, erected to the memory of Oliver, many years the tenant of the adjacent mill, who, from partiality to the spot while living, requested, when dead, he might be here interred. | |
| 61 | Ore, Sussex, 22. A parish containing 34 houses, and 243 inhabitants. |
| 46 | Ospringe, Kent, 7. A parish containing 109 houses, and 645 inhabitants. This was a Roman military station, and here King Henry the Third founded an hospital called Maison de Dieu, some slight remains of which are to be seen on the north side of the street. |
| 67 | Otterbourn, Hants, 78. A township containing 70 houses, and 440 inhabitants. |
| 118 | Over Compton, Dorset, 141. |
| Over Street, Wilts, 208. | |
| 53 | Overton, Hants, 100. A parish containing
228 houses, and 1130 inhabitants.
This was anciently a borough and market
town, and sent two members to parliament,
but through neglect lost its charter. An excellent trout stream rises in the parish of Ash, and flows with such a current by this village, as to drive several mills; one of them, a silk mill, is a very curious piece of machinery, in the form of an oblong square; the rest are corn mills. The church is a neat building, standing on an eminence about a quarter of a mile from the centre of the village. |
| 78 | Overton, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 33 houses, and 180 inhabitants. |
| 77 | Ower, Hants, 86. |
P. |
|
| 47 | Padworth Mills, Berks, 179. |
| 223 | Palmer’s Bridge, Cornwall, 153. |
| Palsgrove, Hants, 223. | |
| 49 | Pangdean, Sussex, 51. |
| 38 | Park Wood, Surrey, 33. |
| 36 | Pastep Green, Kent, 19. |
| 50 | Patcham, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 30 houses, and 286 inhabitants. |
| Patching Pond, Sussex, 218. | |
| 31 | Pease Marsh, Surrey, 27. |
| 137 | Pedwell, High, Somerset, 191. |
| 274 | Pelyn, Cornwall, 126. |
| 35 | Pembury Green, Kent, 19. |
| 33 | Pembury Wood, Kent, 19. |
| 241 | Pendean, Cornwall, 156. |
| 280 | Pendennis Castle, Cornwall, 130. This is one of the largest castles in the kingdom, standing on a high rock in the peninsula of Pendennis, at the mouth of Falmouth Haven. It was built by Henry the Eighth, but considerably improved by Queen Elizabeth. |
| 119 | Pen Mill, Somerset, 141. |
| 228 | Penerel’s Cross, Cornwall, 154. |
| 254 | Penmount, Cornwall, 158. |
| 238 | Pennant, Cornwall, 125, 154. |
| 142 | Penn Cross, Dorset, 112. |
| 130 | Pennymoor Pitt, Dorset, 139. |
| 277 | Penryn, Cornwall, 130. A borough
and market town, containing 362 houses,
and 2713 inhabitants. It is situated on an
eminence, at the mouth of the river called
the King’s Road, which runs into Falmouth
Harbour. Here is a market house, town hall, &c. and the town is extremely well watered, having streams running through the streets; on which there are four corn mills, and one paper mill. It was anciently surrounded by a wall, and defended by a strong castle. Penryn has sent members to parliament ever since the 1st of Queen Mary. Its principal business is in the pilchard and Newfoundland fisheries. The market days are on Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. |
| 248 | Pensawn, Cornwall, 157. |
| 278 | Penshanly, Cornwall, 130. |
| 229 | Penstroad, Cornwall, 154. |
| 66 | Penton Mewsey, Hants, 159. A parish containing 38 houses, and 215 inhabitants. |
| 93 | Pentridge Down, Dorset, 105. |
| 23 | Pepbrook Bridge, Surrey, 63. |
| 105 | Pergin’s Island, Dorset, 90. |
| 274 | Perran Arworthal, Cornwall, 130. A township containing 125 houses, and 884 inhabitants. |
| 274 | Perranwell, Cornwall, 130. |
| 165 | Perry Elm, Somerset, 194. |
| 54 | Petersfield, Hants, 30. A borough and market town, situated on the river Loddon, containing 212 houses, and 1280 inhabitants. This town was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, and sends two members to parliament. The market is on Saturday. |
| 148 | Petherton, North, Somerset, 192. A parish of considerable extent, including seventeen villages, containing 436 houses, and 2346 inhabitants. It consists principally of one long street; many of the houses are well built, and formerly it had a very considerable corn market on Saturday. |
| 127 | Petherton, South, Somerset, 168. A market town and parish, situated on the river Perrot, containing 346 houses, and 1674 inhabitants. It has a good stone bridge over the river. The principal manufacture is that of dowlas, and the market is on Thursday. |
| 49 | Petworth, Sussex, 38, 43. A market
town and parish, situated near the river
Arun, containing 396 houses, and 2264 inhabitants.
It is chiefly remarkable for a
magnificent seat of the Earl of Egremont.
(see Index of Seats). The church is a neat building, containing several monuments of the Percy family, and the market on Saturday is generally well supplied. |
| 88 | Picked Post, Hants, 88. |
| 97 | Pickwick, Wilts, 186. |
| 116 | Piddle Town, Dorset, 109. A parish containing 151 houses, and 909 inhabitants. Formerly it was much more considerable, and had a market; the church is a very large and ancient building. |
| 117 | Piddletown Heath, Dorset, 109. |
| 48 | Piecomb, Sussex, 51. |
| 7 | Pigs Marsh, Surrey, 46. |
| 102 | Pimperne, Dorset, 107. A parish containing 62 houses, and 316 inhabitants. The church contains many vestiges of Saxon antiquity, and the town appears to have been formerly much more considerable. |
| 103 | Pimperne Fields, Dorset, 107. |
| 88 | Pinhills, Wilts, 185. |
| 183 | Pitt, Devon, 118. |
| 65 | Pitt, Hants, 85. |
| 65 | Plant, Hants, 32. |
| 46 | Plashet Wood, Sussex, 59. |
| 215 | Plymouth, Devon, 122. A sea port,
borough, and market town, situated at the
mouths of the Tamar and Plym, which
here fall into a bay of the Channel called
Plymouth Sound. It contains 5732 houses,
and 56,060 inhabitants. The mouth of the Tamar is called Hamoaze, and that of the Plym, Catwater; and the sound is capable of receiving 1000 sail of shipping. It is one of the most considerable sea ports in the kingdom, and is defended by several strong batteries, and a citadel, erected in the reign of Charles the Second, opposite to Nicholas Island, which contains a large storehouse, and five regular bastions. Plymouth has two parish churches, a large custom-house, a charity school, several hospitals, exclusive of a general military and marine hospital, and an extensive workhouse. The town is well supplied with water, which was first brought from a place seven miles distant, at the expense of Sir Francis Drake, a native of this town. Between the town and the sea is a high hill, called the Haw, having a delightful plain on the top, and affording a most charming prospect. Opposite to Plymouth is Mount Edgecumbe, the charming seat of the Earl of that title, (see Index of Seats). This mount, commanding the town of Plymouth, was garrisoned for Charles the First, and considerably annoyed the town. Between Mount Edgecumbe and Plymouth are erected two baths, and near them an elegant assembly and breakfasting room. That part of Plymouth called the Dock, which lies about a mile and a half from the town, at the mouth of the Tamar, was first designed as a wet and dry dock, in the reign of William the Third, and to which two others have since been added, with all the conveniencies necessary for building and repairing ships of war; the docks are dug out of a mine of slate, and lined with Portland stone. Near the docks are erected ranges of storehouses for the arms, rigging, sails, &c. with houses for the various officers of the different departments to live in. Here are also commodious barracks, and so numerous are the shops, and the buildings have within these few years so rapidly increased, that Dock (as it is termed) is now as large as the town itself. There is also a neat little theatre here. For accommodating the great intercourse and distance between the extremities of the town, there are four-wheeled chaises drawn by one horse for regular hire, similar to the Hackney coaches of the metropolis. It returns two members to parliament, and is termed an admiralty borough. The markets are on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday. At the entrance of Plymouth Sound lies a very large and dangerous rock, called the Edystone, covered at high water, but at low water bare. On the summit of this rock is erected a light-house, 80 feet high, built of Portland stone and granite. |
| 216 | Plymouth Dock, Devon, 122. (see Plymouth) |
| Plymouth Sound, Devon, 122. (see Plymouth) | |
| 210 | Plympton Earle, Devon, 122. A
borough, market town, and parish, containing
92 houses, and 715 inhabitants. It was
formerly called Plympton Thomas, out of
respect to Thomas à Becket. The town consists of two irregular streets, and has a Guildhall, supported on stone pillars, beneath which is held the corn market. This is one of the stannary towns for stamping tin, and is a very ancient borough; it sends two members to parliament. The market is on Saturday, and there is also a market for all kinds of cattle the second Wednesday in every month. The town is well supplied with fish from the neighbouring sea-port towns almost every day. |
| 210 | Plympton, St. Mary, Devon, 122. A parish containing 245 houses, and 1562 inhabitants. |
| 202 | Point Bridge, Devon, 151. |
| 229 | Polecat, Cornwall, 124. |
| 251 | Polglaze, Cornwall, 158. |
| 248 | Polharmon, Cornwall, 126. |
| Poling, Sussex, 217. A village containing 23 houses, and 170 inhabitants. | |
| 217 | Pollaphant, Cornwall, 153. |
| 224 | Polscove, Cornwall, 123. |
| 183 | Poltimore, Devon, 197. A parish containing 46 houses, and 250 inhabitants. |
| 225 | Polvathic, Cornwall, 124. |
| 254 | Polwhele, Cornwall, 158. |
| Polygon, Hants, 220. | |
| 75 | Pond’s Foot Hill, Hants, 86, |
| 106 | Poole, Dorset, 90. A sea-port, borough,
and market town, containing 1134 houses,
and 4816 inhabitants. This town is about three quarters of a mile long, half a mile broad, and consists of three or four considerable streets, running nearly from north-east to south-west: it lies on the borders of a very narrow dreary heath, being a peninsula, joined to the parish of Lanford by a neck of land. It is of considerable antiquity, having been an important port in the time of the Romans, and a Roman military way may be still traced from hence to Wimbourn. The church, dedicated to St. James, was formerly a chapel of ease to Lanford, but has since been considerably enlarged, and contains several neat monuments. The harbour is considered the best and safest in the channel, as the ground is every where soft, and water sufficient at spring tides for vessels of sixteen feet draught to come up to the quay. Market on Monday and Thursday. |
| 70 | Poor, Hants, 32. |
| 52 | Popham, Hants, 76. A parish containing 5 houses, and 48 inhabitants. |
| 50 | Popham Lane, Hants, 76. |
| Porchester, Hants, 222. A parish containing
132 houses, and 917 inhabitants.
It was anciently called Port Peris, and was
a sea-port before Portsmouth. Its ancient castle was erected to command the harbour, the walls of which formed a square of 440 feet, containing an area of four acres; they are six feet thick, and in many places 16 feet high, having 13 towers, besides the keep, which has four. It is of very great antiquity, but its age and founder are both unknown. This castle is now private property, rented by the crown, and has been appropriated to the purpose of confining prisoners of War. Towards the south-east part of the area is the parish church, which is an ancient fabric. |
|
| Porchester Castle, Hants, 223. (see Porchester) | |
| 206 | Portgate, Devon, 151. |
| 66 | Portsdown Hill, Hants, 32, 214, 223. |
| 68 | Portsea Gate and Turnpike, Hants, 32. |
| Portslade, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 48 houses, and 284 inhabitants. This village has partly risen out of the ruins of the parish of Aldrington, which the encroachments of the sea has entirely destroyed, not a house remaining. | |
| 71 | Portsmouth, Hants,
32, 98. A sea-port,
borough, market town, and parish,
containing 7114 houses, and 40,567 inhabitants. This town was anciently defended by a wall of timber, covered with earth, and with bastions and forts of hewn stone. But in the reign of Queen Elizabeth it was strengthened by new works; at the restoration of King Charles the Second great improvements were made, by the establishment of new docks; and several forts were strongly fortified in the modern manner, since which time each succeeding monarch has made further improvements and additional works, and it is now the most regular fortress in Britain, and is reckoned almost impregnable by land as well as by sea. The dock yard, containing the warehouses for keeping all kinds of military and naval stores, is the most complete in the world, and possesses all the various manufactories necessary for supplying its different naval equipments. The docks and yards, in short, resemble a distinct town, there being particular rows of dwellings, built at the public expense, for all the principal officers who are under a separate government from the garrison. The streets of the town are mostly narrow and dirty, but always in a bustle, the consequence of the town being wholly supported by the fleets and armed vessels, which, during war, are constantly at anchor here; and in peace it is the general rendezvous of the India fleet. Close to the shore is the signal post, which is continually making signals to the ships lying at Spithead, as well as the telegraph, conveying intelligence and receiving orders from the Admiralty in the course of eight minutes. The whole of the walls round the town are planted with cannon, and on some of them are very pleasant walks, particularly on the east side, and near the sea, commanding a beautiful prospect. The church, with its tower, cupola, and lantern, may pass as a stately edifice, but the style of its architecture is not remarkable for any beauty. Portsmouth sends two members to parliament, it has a port admiral, and all the various officers of the revenue. On South-sea Beach are several commodious bathing machines. The mouth of the harbour is not so broad as the Thames at Westminster, and is defended on the Gosport side by four forts and a strong platform of cannon. The markets are on Thursday and Saturday, as well as a small one on Tuesday; and a fair which continues fourteen days. |
| 70 | Portsmouth Common, Hants, 32. |
| 257 | Pothall, Cornwall, 128. |
| 14 | Potter’s Lane, Surrey, 47. |
| 90 | Poulner, Hants, 88. |
| 210 | Poulston, Devon, 152. |
| 121 | Poundbury, Dorset, 109. Poundbury Camp is an irregular parallelogram in shape, surrounded by a vallum, which is very lofty, but appears to have been discontinued on the north side, or perhaps has been worn away: on the east side, on which was the principal entrance, it appears to have been double. Another entrance next the river was made with the greatest art, a narrow path being drawn all along between the edge of the precipice and the vallum; and beyond the camp, west, for a long way, a small trench is cut upon the said edge, which seems designed to prevent the ascent of cavalry. The breadth of the area is 147 paces, and its length 378: towards the middle the ground is considerably elevated, and near the south side is a barrow, which is imagined to be Celtic, and extant before the camp was made. |
| 103 | Pound Close, Dorset, 107. |
| 229 | Pounds Cause, Cornwall, 154. |
| 27 | Povey Cross, Surrey, 48. |
| 17 | Pratt’s Bottom, Kent, 17. |
| 75 | Preshute, Wilts, 183. A parish containing 100 houses, and 496 inhabitants. |
| 122 | Preston, Somerset, 141. A parish containing 46 houses, and 260 inhabitants. |
| 52 | Preston, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 31 houses, and 222 inhabitants. |
| Prinsted, Sussex, 215. | |
| 263 | Probus, Cornwall, 128. A parish containing 194 houses, and 1013 inhabitants. |
| 118 | Puddimore, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 26 houses, and 154 inhabitants. |
| 128 | Puddle Town, Somerset, 142. |
| 45 | Puntfield, Berks, 178. |
| 65 | Purbrook, Hants, 32. |
| 8 | Putney Heath, Surrey, 24. On this heath stands an obelisk, erected to commemorate an invention for securing buildings against fire. |
Q. |
|
| Quag-end, Hants, 213. | |
| 70 | Quarley, Hants, 159. A parish containing 34 houses, and 134 inhabitants. |
| 71 | Quarley Hill, Hants, 160. On this hill are considerable traces of a Roman encampment. |
| 31 | Quarry Hill, Kent, 14. |
| 115 | Queen’s Camel, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 94 houses, and 584 inhabitants. This was formerly a considerable town, having two markets weekly, but was nearly destroyed by fire about two centuries since. |
| 80 | Quemerford, Bridge, Wilts, 184. |
| 83 | Quidhampton, Wilts, 136, 208. |
R. |
|
| 42 | Radfield, Kent, 6. |
| 127 | Radipole, Dorset, 171. A parish containing 26 houses, and 151 inhabitants. |
| 114 | Radstoke, Somerset, 188. A parish containing 100 houses, and 509 inhabitants. |
| 89 | Rag Lane, Wilts, 185. |
| 34 | Rainham, Kent, 5. A parish containing 119 houses, and 722 inhabitants. It consists of one principal street, and the church contains several ancient monuments, particularly an elegant marble statue of one of the Earls of Thanet. |
| 33 | Rainham, Mark, Kent, 5. |
| 49 | Rake, Sussex, 29. |
| 72 | Ramsgate, Kent, 13. This town is situated
in a valley, commanding a delightful
prospect of the British Channel. Anciently
it was but a mean fishing village, but has
acquired its present respectability from its
inhabitants, about a century back, entering
largely into the Russia and East country
trade, and of late years from its fashionable
resort as a sea-bathing place. A spacious
new street has been erected for the accommodation
of its numerous summer visitors,
and it has now become the rival of Margate. The pier, built of Portland and Purbeck stone, at the expence of several hundred thousand pounds, is the most magnificent structure of the kind in the kingdom. It extends eight hundred feet into the sea before it forms an angle, and is twenty-six feet broad at the top. Its south front is a polygon, its angles five on a side, each four hundred and fifty feet, with octagons of sixty feet at the ends, and the entrance two hundred feet; this great work was began in 1749. The harbour is capable of admitting vessels of five hundred tons, and the pier forms the grand promenade. The bathing place lies in front of a long line of high chalky rocks at the back of the pier, composed of a reddish sand, soft and pleasant to the feet; it is furnished with machines in the same manner as Margate. The rooms for the accommodation of the bathers are commodious, and there are four warm salt water baths, also a plunging and shower bath, with convenient rooms attached. The assembly room is a neat fabric, near the harbour, with all the various coffee, tea, billiard, card, &c. rooms annexed; the whole is under the direction of the master of the ceremonies of Margate. There are several good hotels, and numerous lodging houses, suited to every sort of company. It has a handsome chapel erected in 1785. The town is well paved, lighted, and watched; and contains 919 houses, and 4221 inhabitants. In addition to the many improvements made at Ramsgate, a stone light-house has been built on the west head, furnished with patent lamps and reflectors. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday. |
| 41 | Ramsnest Common, Surrey, 37. |
| 75 | Ranvill’s Gate, Hants, 86. |
| 69 | Ratlick, Hants, 85. |
| 133 | Rayn, St., Hill, Somerset, 143. |
| 39 | Reading, Berks, 178. A borough and
market town, on the river Kennet, which
joins the Thames a little below the town.
It consists of three parishes, and contains
2032 houses, and 10,788 inhabitants. Each
parish has its church, and there is a neat
stone bridge over the river. Reading sends two members to parliament; and here are held the Lent Assizes, and the Epiphany County Sessions. The streets are paved, many of them are wide, and contain some handsome houses. Its principal manufactures are sacking, sail-cloth, blankets, ribbons, and pins. On Bullmarsh Heath there are annual horse races, the third Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, in August. Here is also a small theatre. The principal market days are on Saturday, for corn, cattle, and provisions; and on Wednesday, for provisions, poultry, fruit, vegetables, &c. |
| 77 | Redbridge, Hants, 91. |
| 90 | Red Hill, Wilts, 185. |
| 108 | Redlynch, Somerset, 173. |
| 93 | Red Stocks, Wilts, 199. |
| 237 | Redtye, Cornwall, 156. |
| Rewell Wood, The, Sussex, 217. | |
| 17 | Richmore Hill, Kent, 17. |
| 13 | Riddles Down, Surrey, 55. |
| 123 | Ridge Way, Dorset, 171. |
| 91 | Ridge Wood, Great, Wilts, 163. |
| 210 | Ridgway, Devon, 122. |
| 91 | Ringwood, Hants, 88. A market town
and parish, containing 678 houses, and
3269 inhabitants, situated on the east side
of the river Avon. Many of the houses
and the church are well built. This town
has long been celebrated for the excellence
of its ale, of which considerable quantities
are exported. The neighbouring meadows are frequently overflowed by the several streams into which the river is here divided. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 23 | Ripley, Surrey, 26. This is a handsome little village, and has a neat chapel. |
| 22 | Riverhead, Kent, 17. This village takes its name from the head of the river Darent in the neighbourhood. It contains 129 houses, and 750 inhabitants. |
| 25 | River Hill, Kent, 18. |
| 239 | Roach Down, Cornwall, 156. |
| 50 | Robertsbridge, Sussex, 21. |
| 29 | ROCHESTER, Kent, 4. A city containing
three parishes, 1532 houses, and
9070 inhabitants, situated on an angle of the
river Medway. A church was first erected
here about the year 600, by Ethelbert,
King of Kent. The present steeple was
built about the year 1749. On the
north side of the cathedral stands a tower
or castle, supposed to have been erected
by bishop Gundulph, whose name it bears;
it was originally sixty feet high, but is now
much reduced: the walls are six feet
thick, and enclose an area of twenty feet
square. Rochester has a stone bridge over the Medway, of eleven arches, the largest being about forty feet wide. The castle is so lofty that it may be seen at the distance of thirty miles; several attempts have been made to pull it down, but it was found too durable to pay for the expence of rescaling the stones. Rochester and Chatham are connected by a long row of buildings on a gentle eminence, called the Bank. In the cemetery, on the north side of the cathedral, is the church belonging to the parish of St. Nicholas. The present fabric was erected about the year 1620. It is a very substantial building, the walls being of great thickness, and supported on all sides by buttresses; it consists of a nave and two side aisles, which are separated by two ranges of lofty columns, from which spring the arches supporting the roof. The episcopal palace is at Bromley, no bishop having resided here since the Reformation. The town hall, erected in 1687, is a handsome structure: the clock-house was built in 1686, at the expence of Sir Cloudesley Shovel, who also gave the clock; it has been subsequently repaired and beautified at the city’s expence. The main street is wide and well paved. This city sends two members to parliament, who are elected by the freemen at large. The market is on Friday. |
| 165 | Rockbere, Devon, 116. A parish containing 78 houses, and 419 inhabitants. |
| 164 | Rockwell Green, Somerset, 194. |
| 39 | Rodd Lane, Surrey, 28. |
| Roe Ashes, Hants, 213. | |
| 73 | Romsey, Hants, 86, 211, 220. A market
town and parish, containing 933 houses,
and 4297 inhabitants; situated on the
river Test, which falls into Southampton
bay; and the canal, from Southampton to
Andover, passes through the town. The church is a noble edifice, built in the form of a cross, and is arched with stone of beautiful Saxon architecture; it contains several curious and ancient monuments; but the most singular curiosity is an apple tree growing on the leads of the roof, which produces good fruit: the origin of this tree is not remembered by the oldest inhabitant. The principal trade of this town is in the manufacture of sacking and paper. The market is on Saturday. |
| 76 | Romsey Common, Hants, 86. |
| 57 | Rooks Hill, Sussex, 36. |
| 55 | Ropley Dean, Hants, 83. |
| 53 | Ropley Stoke, Hants, 83. |
| 254 | Rosedale, Cornwall, 158. |
| 237 | Rosewarick, Cornwall, 156. |
| 87 | Roundaway, Wilts, 198. |
| 131 | Roundham, Somerset, 143. |
| 131 | Roundham Common, Somerset, 143. |
| 90 | Rowd, Wilts, 199, a parish containing 178 houses, and 796 inhabitants. |
| 99 | Rudley, Wilts, 186. |
| 99 | Rudley Firs, Wilts, 186. |
| 82 | Rufus’s Stone, Hants, 87. This pillar was erected by the late Lord Delawar, in commemoration of the fatal catastrophe of King William the Second, surnamed Rufus. It consists of a plain triangular stone, not more than six feet high, surmounted with a ball, and charged with inscriptions. |
| 78 | Rumbridge, Hants, 91, 92. |
| 53 | Rumsden Bottom, Hants, 95. |
| 159 | Rumwell, Somerset, 194. |
| 33 | Ruscombe, Wilts, 177. |
| 138 | Rush Moor, Somerset, 169. |
| 6 | Rushy Green, Kent, 15. |
| 4 | Rushy Green, Surrey, 52. |
| 243 | Ruthvos, Cornwall, 156. |
| 243 | Rye Downs, Cornwall, 126. |
| 21 | Ryegate, Surrey, 47, 54. A borough
and market town, consisting of two well
built streets, containing 407 houses, and
2246 inhabitants. It is situated in a pleasant
valley called Holmsdale, and its name
is supposed to have been derived from
a Saxon word signifying the course
of a river, it being seated on a branch
of the Mole. A gate and some small
remains are still to be seen of Holms
Castle, particularly a long vault with a
large room at the end, in which the Barons,
who took up arms against King John, are
said to have had their private meetings,
especially the evening preceding the general
congress at Runny Mead: which has
rendered this place an object of curiosity. Ryegate has sent members to parliament ever since the reign of Edward the First. The neighbourhood abounds with fullers earth, and medicinal springs. Market on Tuesday, besides a monthly one on Wednesday. |
| 19 | Ryegate Hill, Surrey, 47. |
S. |
|
| 52 | Sages Cross, Berks, 179. |
| 81 | SALISBURY, Wilts, 104, 136, 209. A
city containing 1575 houses, and 8243 inhabitants.
It was first built on a hill, a situation
chosen by the Britons. The original
cathedral was finished in the most splendid
manner by bishop Roger, in the reign of
King Stephen, but the bishop’s castle being
seized and garrisoned by the king, the
bishops and canons resolved to remove to
a spot where they would be less disturbed;
and the present site of the cathedral was
chosen by bishop Poore, in the reign of
Henry the Third. The church was began
in 1220, and finished in six years. The
body of the building is supported by ten
pointed arches on each side, resting on
clusters of the lightest pillars, each transept
has three such arches, forming as many
chapels, and the choir has seven arches.
The chapter house is an octagonal building,
with a clustered pillar in the middle, the
frieze all round, under the windows, has
reliefs of scripture history in tolerable preservation.
The cloister on the south is the
largest and most magnificent in England.
The west front and buttresses of the cathedral
all round have been filled with
statues. In the nave, choir, and transepts,
are many handsome and ancient monuments
of the earls and bishops of Salisbury.
The whole cathedral has of late
years undergone a thorough repair, and
received many improvements. The east
window, which is twenty-three feet in
height, is composed of beautiful painted
glass; the windows on each side are painted
in mosaic, as well as those on the north and
south sides of what was called the Lady
Chapel. This cathedral is the most elegant
and regular Gothic structure in the kingdom,
and its spire, which is the loftiest in
England, is 410 feet high. The church of St. Thomas was built by bishop Bingham, as a chapel of ease to the cathedral, and contains several handsome monuments; it is ornamented with a well adorned tower, ninety feet high to the top of the stone work, the finishing above being of wood covered with lead. In the tower are eight bells, with a set of chimes. On the east side of the tower is a dial near ten feet square, and on the south side are two figures in niches, of Thomas à Becket, and the Virgin Mary with our Saviour in her arms. The market place is very extensive, being a handsome open square, in the south-east corner of which stands the council house, a magnificent structure, occupying the site of the old Guildhall; it was erected at the expence of the Earl of Radnor, and completed in 1795. It is a square building of white brick, with a grand Doric portico at the entrance to the two courts of law on the west side, and a large bow window projecting from the great room on the east. The principal entrance is on the north, with a flight of steps leading to the door through a noble façade, consisting of four Doric columns; the whole building is surrounded by a rich cornice, and the angles of each front are ornamented with handsome rustic work in stone. In the different apartments contained in this building all the public business of the city is transacted. Salisbury was first incorporated by Henry the Third, and increased so much after the desertion of Old Sarum, the building of the cathedral, and the turning the western road through it by a grant from Edward the Third, that it soon became one of the most thriving cities in England. It has a considerable manufacture of flannels, and the cloth called Salisbury whites, and some traffic in cutlery. The streets are in general spacious, and built at right angles. Four rivers meet near the city, and the waters of three of them run through the streets in canals lined with brick. There are no vaults in any of the churches, nor any cellars in the town, the soil being so moist that the water rises up in the graves dug in the cathedral. Salisbury sends two members to parliament. There is a concert every other Thursday during the winter, and once a month during the summer, well supported, and at which all strangers are admitted gratis: there is also an assembly every other Thursday during the winter, and a neat little theatre. Here are three charity schools, in which 170 children are taught and clothed. The races are commonly held in the month of August, and continue three days, being generally well attended. The markets are on Tuesday and Saturday. |
| 112 | Saltford, Somerset, 202. A parish containing 54 houses, and 223 inhabitants. |
| 21 | Salt Hill, Bucks, 175. This hamlet is remarkable for its fine situation, and for being the spot to which the scholars of Eton make their procession triennially, called the Montem, when a public collection is made from the company for the benefit of the captain of the school, who is generally elected a member of King’s College, Cambridge. This collection often amounts to £1000. |
| Salts, New, Sussex, 219. | |
| Salvington, Sussex, 218. | |
| Sarisbury Green, Hants, 221. | |
| 64 | Sarre, Kent, 12. This village was once a place of some repute, and had anciently a haven, where there is now only a small brook. |
| 71 | Savernake Forest, Wilts, 182. This forest is twelve miles in circumference, plentifully stocked with deer, and rendered very pleasant by the many delightful walks and vistas cut through the coppices and woods with which it abounds. |
| Scratchbury Camp, Wilts, 206. This fine encampment comprehends an area of forty acres, enclosed with a single ditch and rampart, 1846 yards in circuit, having three entrances; and is supposed to be of British origin, from the remains of antiquity found within its precinct. | |
| 101 | Search, Wilts, 172. |
| 92 | Seend, Wilts, 199. A township containing 169 houses, and 976 inhabitants. |
| 92 | Sells Green, Wilts, 199. |
| 88 | Setley Plain, Hants, 93. |
| 23 | Sevenoaks, Kent, 18. A market town and parish, containing 358 houses, and 1922 inhabitants. It is supposed to have derived its name from seven remarkable oaks which stood near it when first built. The town is well built, and has a good free grammar school. The market is on Saturday. |
| 25 | Sevenoaks Common, Kent, 18. |
| 8 | Severndroog Castle, Kent, 1, is situated on the top of Shooter’s Hill, and may be seen at a great distance from almost every part of the adjacent country. It was built by Lady James, to commemorate the reduction of Severndroog, in 1756, a strong fort, which belonged to Angria the pirate, on an island near Bombay. This structure is of a triangular form, with turrets at each angle. From the top of this tower a most delightful view of the surrounding country is obtained, including the metropolis, the shipping on the river Thames, and the long range of the Surrey hills, the top of the building being 482 feet above the level of the sea. |
| 129 | Sevilles, Somerset, 142. |
| 129 | Sevington, St. Mary, Somerset, 168. |
| 129 | Sevington, St. Michael, Somerset, 168. |
| 58 | Sewards Bridge, Hants, 84. |
| 100 | Shaftesbury, Dorset, 138. A borough
and market town, consisting of three parishes,
containing 589 houses, and 2635
inhabitants. It is situated on a hill, supposed
by Camden to have been founded by
Alfred, and is recorded to have been a
populous city, containing twelve churches,
before the Conquest, only three of which
now remain, none of them retaining any
thing worthy of note. The houses are
tolerably well built; and many of them of
free-stone. In the corn market is a neat
town hall, in which the Quarter Sessions are
held. Water here is extremely scarce. This borough has returned two members to parliament since the reign of Henry the Third, except during the reigns of Henry the Seventh, Eighth, and Edward the Sixth. The chief manufacture of the town is that of shirt buttons, which are mostly made by women and children. The market is on Saturday, and is well supplied with all kinds of provision. |
| 137 | Shapwick, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 79 houses, and 408 inhabitants. |
| 102 | Shave, Wilts, 172. |
| 56 | Shaw, Berks, 180. A parish containing 96 houses, and 422 inhabitants. |
| 97 | Shaw, Wilts, 200. |
| 97 | Shaw Hill, Wilts, 200. |
| 53 | Sheet Bridge, Hants, 30. |
| 84 | Shepherds Shore, Wilts, 198. |
| 115 | Sherborne, Dorset, 140. A market
town and parish, containing 597 houses,
and 3370 inhabitants. It was anciently a
bishopric, but in the 11th century, the see
being removed to Salisbury, the cathedral
was converted into an abbey. It was originally
a noble structure, but, in the reign
of Henry the Seventh, a quarrel happening
between the monks and inhabitants, the
latter set fire to the building, and great
part of it was burned down. At the dissolution
of monasteries it was made parochial,
and is now the finest parish church in the
west of England. The inside is beautifully
decorated, and contains many Saxon monuments
of kings and nobility. The town is pleasantly situated on the declivity of a hill, and is divided into two parts, called Sherborne and Castleton, by the river Ivel: that part called Castleton had a strong castle erected by Roger, third bishop of Salisbury, which in the civil wars of Charles the First, was the first castle besieged by the parliament forces, and the last that held out for that prince. Only the ruins of this castle are now to be seen. The markets are on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and are well supplied. |
| 102 | Sherborne Causeway, Dorset, 139. |
| Sherfield, English, Hants, 210. A parish containing 66 houses, and 324 inhabitants. | |
| Sherfield, Hatchet, Hants, 210. | |
| 68 | Sherrill Heath, Hants, 97, 213. |
| Sherrington, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 209 houses, and 134 inhabitants. | |
| 223 | Sheviock, Cornwall, 123. A parish containing 76 houses, and 409 inhabitants. |
| Shidfield, Hants, 213. | |
| 175 | Shillingford, Devon, 117. A parish containing 12 houses, and 71 inhabitants. |
| 42 | Shingley Wood, Kent, 20. |
| 132 | Shipton Beacon, Dorset, 111. |
| Shirley, Hants, 220. | |
| Shoalford, Somerset, 205. | |
| Shoot Ash Hill, Hants, 210. | |
| Shoot End, Wilts, 209. | |
| 8 | Shooters Hill, Kent, 2. This hill is supposed to have derived its name from the exercise of archery carried on in the neighbouring woods in former times. On the summit of the hill, which commands a most extensive prospect, are some pleasant houses. It was formerly noted for robberies, till the road was widened, and much of the coppice wood cut down. On the right of the road stands a triangular tower. (See Severndroog Castle.) |
| Shoreham, New, Sussex, 219. A sea-port,
borough, and market town, on the
river Adur, containing 168 houses, and
770 inhabitants. The town lies about a mile within the haven, singularly built, in the centre of which is the market house, standing on Doric pillars. The church is an extensive building, and was formerly collegiate; of late it has been repaired, and greatly beautified. Although it is only a tide haven, yet as it is the best upon the coast, vessels of considerable burthen come into it. Beyond the town is a timber bridge across the river, leading to Arundel and Chichester. Here are also military barracks. The town is a borough by prescription, and has sent members to parliament ever since the year 1298. Shoreham has a considerable trade in ship-building, and is noted for the excellence of its oysters. The market is on Saturday. |
|
| Shoreham, Old, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 48 houses, and 247 inhabitants. | |
| 78 | Shorne Hill Common, Hants, 86. |
| 71 | Shortenden, Kent, 12. |
| 176 | Show Thorn, Devon, 147. |
| 64 | Shripney, Sussex, 42. |
| 22 | Shrubs Hill, Surrey, 72. |
| 96 | Shurnell, Wilts, 200. |
| 149 | Shute Hill, Devon, 113. |
| 80 | Silbury Hill, Wilts, 183, 198. The remains of a stupendous Roman barrow, it rises 170 feet in perpendicular height, and its form is the frustrum of a cone, its diameter at the top being 105 feet, and at the bottom 500. In digging through the centre of this hill, in 1777, nothing was found but a rotten post, and a rusty knife. |
| 48 | Silver Hill, Sussex, 21. A strong military post, commanding a most extensive view of the country. |
| Silvers Lake Bridge, Hants, 213. | |
| 136 | Simondsbury, Dorset, 112. |
| 55 | Singleton, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 74 houses, and 445 inhabitants. |
| 54 | Singleton Wood, Sussex, 35. |
| 14 | Sipson Green, Middlesex, 174. |
| 40 | Sittingbourn, Kent, 6. This village, (which was formerly a market town) consists of one long street, containing 200 houses, and 1347 inhabitants. The church is a large and handsome building, in which are many ancient monuments. |
| 41 | Skewers, Hants, 74. |
| Slindon Common, Sussex, 216. | |
| 20 | Slough, Bucks, 175. |
| 38 | Slough Green, Sussex, 50. |
| 20 | Slough, New, Bucks, 175. |
| 117 | Slow Court, Somerset, 166. |
| Smallbrook, Wilts, 206. | |
| 8 | Smallbury Green, Middlesex, 70. |
| 207 | Smithalee, Devon, 121. |
| 65 | Smitham, Berks, 181. |
| 12 | Smitham Bottom, Surrey, 53. |
| 139 | Snow Down, Somerset, 145. |
| 121 | Sock Dinnis, Somerset, 167. |
| Sompting, Sussex, 218. | |
| 35 | Sonning, Berks, 177. A parish containing 187 houses, and 1111 inhabitants. |
| 97 | Sopley, Hants, 94. A parish containing 165 houses, and 840 inhabitants. |
| 197 | Sourton Down, Devon, 150. |
| 75 | Southampton, Hants, 79, 91, 221.
A borough town, consisting of seven parishes,
(including Stoneham,) situated at the
union of the rivers Test and Itchen, which
form Southampton Bay. It contains 1669
houses, and 9617 inhabitants; many of
the streets are handsome and well built.
The High-street, terminating at the Quay,
much resembles, in width and beauty, the
High-street of Oxford, and has a charming
view of the river and the New Forest,
and the shops may vie with any in the metropolis.
The town, (except the eastern
part) is well paved and lighted, and supplied
with excellent water. The approach to the town from the London road is exceedingly striking, from the beautiful view of Southampton Bay, the Isle of Wight, and the scenery of the New Forest, elegant seats and rows of trees line the road on both sides; and on entering the town by one of its more fashionable streets, the view is farther heightened by that venerable remain of antiquity, the Bargate. The north front is a semi-octagon, flanked with two semicircular turrets, and crowned with large and handsome open machicolations; above the arch of entrance, on a row of sunk pannels, is a shield of relief, charged with the arms of England, Scotland, Paulet, Windham, &c. The greater part is supposed to have been erected in the reign of Edward the Third, the front towards the High Street is modern and plain, and has a statue of Queen Anne in the central niche. Over the arches of the two foot and carriage ways is a town-hall and grand jury-room. Two lions, cast in lead, guard the entrance of the Bargate, besides which there are two gigantic figures of Ascupart and his renowned conqueror, Sir Bevis of Southampton. The walls with which the town was anciently surrounded are in many places quite destroyed, but in others they still present a venerable appearance; they were defended by towers at different intervals, several of which still remain. The circuit of the ancient walls is computed to have been about a mile and a quarter, but the whole town cannot be less than three miles round at present. The castle stands in the south part of the town, and seems to have been of a semicircular form, of which the town wall towards the sea, formed the diameter. The keep stood on a high artificial mount, and from its ruins a small round tower has been constructed, from whence there is a delightful prospect. It is supposed to have been of Saxon origin. The castle is now the property of the Marquis of Lansdown, of which has been formed, by considerable additions, a very commodious mansion. Southampton contains five parish churches, these are for the most part handsome edifices. Near the west quay is a range of convenient baths, in which the water is changed every tide; here is also a commodious warm bath: further towards the channel is another suit of convenient and well frequented baths, and several bathing machines have been erected at the Cross-house near Itchen Ferry. At the bottom of Orchard Street, without the Bargate, is a spring of the nature of Tunbridge Wells, and used with effect for the same complaints. The public rooms are situated near the baths, and command a delightful prospect. Here is also a capacious and elegant theatre. The town has several well furnished libraries, and three respectable banks. About half a mile from the Bargate stand the barracks, enclosing an area of two acres. This town was made a borough by Henry the Second, and by King John a county of itself; it returns two members to parliament, and has a market on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. |
| 33 | Southborough, Kent, 14. |
| 143 | South Common, Dorset, 144. |
| 41 | Southcot, Berks, 178. |
| 7 | Southend, Kent, 16. |
| 38 | Southwater, Sussex, 65. |
| 128 | Southway, Somerset, 190. |
| Southwick, Hants, 213. A village containing 109 houses, and 569 inhabitants. | |
| Southwick, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 34 houses, and 271 inhabitants. | |
| 95 | Spa, Wilts, 199. In the summer of 1814, a medicinal spring was discovered here, the waters of which are said to resemble those of Cheltenham. |
| 114 | Sparkford, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 44 houses, and 239 inhabitants. |
| Sparsholt, Hants, 211. | |
| 57 | Speen, Berks, 180. A parish containing 71 houses, and 408 inhabitants. It was a considerable town under the Romans, and called Spinae. Donnington Castle, now in ruins, was erected out of the remains of its ancient castrum. |
| 56 | Speenhamland, Berks, 180. A tything containing 140 houses, and 712 inhabitants. |
| 56 | Speen Hill, Berks, 180. |
| 183 | Spire Lake, Devon, 148. |
| 207 | Spry, Devon, 151. |
| 16 | Staines, Middlesex, 71. A market town and parish, situated on the banks of the Thames, containing 355 houses, and 2042 inhabitants. The town is neat, being lately much improved, and an iron bridge erected over the river. The name is supposed to be derived from the Saxon word stana, a stone, from the London-mark-stone, which stands above the bridge at Coln Ditch, denoting the boundary of the city of London on the river; this stone bears the date 1280. The market is on Friday. |
| 109 | Stalbridge, Somerset, 140. |
| Standerwick, Somerset, 205. | |
| Standerwick Common, Somerset, 205. | |
| Standlinch Down, Wilts, 209. | |
| 21 | Stansted Borough, Surrey, 56. |
| 36 | Staplefield Common, Sussex, 49. |
| Stapleford, Wilts, 208. A parish containing 46 houses, and 238 inhabitants. | |
| 140 | Stawell, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 24 houses, and 124 inhabitants. |
| 213 | Stephens, St., Cornwall, 152. A parish containing 342 houses, and 1738 inhabitants. |
| Steeple Langford, Wilts, 207. A village containing 118 houses, and 523 inhabitants. | |
| 274 | Sticken Bridge, Cornwall, 130. |
| 257 | Sticker, Higher, Cornwall, 128. |
| 191 | Sticklepath, Lower, Devon, 149. |
| 66 | Stockbridge, Hants, 133. A borough and market town, containing 145 houses, and 663 inhabitants. It returns two members to parliament, but is not a corporation, being a borough by prescription. The market is on Thursday. |
| 68 | Stockbridge Race Course, Hants, 134. |
| 144 | Stockland, Dorset, 145. A parish containing 198 houses, and 988 inhabitants. |
| 146 | Stockland Hill, Dorset, 146. |
| Stockton, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 42 houses, and 224 inhabitants. | |
| 90 | Stockton Wood, Wilts, 162. |
| 2 | Stockwell Common, Surrey, 45. |
| Stoford, Wilts, 208. | |
| Stoke, South, Somerset, 204. A village containing 39 houses, and 177 inhabitants. | |
| 124 | Stoke, West, Somerset, 167. |
| 201 | Stone, Devon, 150. |
| 70 | Stone, Hants, 32. |
| 141 | Stonebarrow, Dorset, 112. |
| 20 | Stone Bridge, Kent, 3. |
| 43 | Stone Crouch, Kent, 20. |
| Stoneham, North, Hants, 212. A parish containing 83 houses, and 675 inhabitants. In the church is a beautiful monument to the memory of Lord Hawke. | |
| Stoneham, South, Hants, 212. A parish containing 228 houses, and 1255 inhabitants. | |
| 80 | Stonehenge, Wilts, 161. (See Amesbury.) |
| 80 | Stonehenge Down, Wilts, 161. |
| 216 | Stonehouse, Devon, 122. A township and chapelry, containing 358 houses, and 3407 inhabitants. |
| 14 | Stone Ness, Surrey, 53. |
| Stone Quarries, Somerset, 204. | |
| 174 | Stones Hill, Devon, 196. |
| 82 | Stoney Cross, Hants, 87. |
| 185 | Stop Gate, Devon, 197. |
| 94 | Stops Beacon, Wilts, 163. |
| 103 | Stour Head, Wilts, 172. |
| 103 | Stourton, Wilts, 172. A parish containing 50 houses, and 306 inhabitants. |
| 102 | Stourton Lane, Wilts, 172. |
| 104 | Stower, East and West, Dorset, 139. A parish containing 72 houses, and 380 inhabitants. |
| 103 | Stower Common, Dorset, 139. |
| 106 | Stower Hill, Dorset, 139. |
| 162 | Straightway Head, Devon, 115. |
| 242 | Stream Works, Cornwall, 156. |
| 6 | Streatham, Surrey, 52. A parish containing 386 houses, and 2357 inhabitants. In 1660, a mineral water of a cathartic quality was discovered in this parish, which is still held in esteem. The church is a new building. |
| 7 | Streatham Common, Surrey, 52. |
| 132 | Street, Somerset, 190. A parish containing 88 houses, and 540 inhabitants. |
| 137 | Street Ash, Somerset, 169. |
| 53 | Street, North, Hants, 83. |
| 61 | Strettington, Sussex, 40, 216. |
| 28 | Stroud, Kent, 4, a town and parish, containing 196 houses, and 1172 inhabitants. It is separated from Rochester by the river Medway, over which is a stone bridge. The church is a handsome building, consisting of a nave and two aisles, one hundred feet in length. In the south aisle is a stone chapel, the pavement of which contains several specimens of Mosaic work. |
| 29 | Stubbings, Berks, 176. |
| 28 | Stubbings Heath, Berks, 176. |
| 90 | Studley, Wilts, 185. |
| 58 | Sturry, Kent, 11. A parish containing 130 houses, and 657 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Stour, over which is a neat stone bridge. |
| 246 | Summer Court, Cornwall, 157. |
| 91 | Summerham Bridge, Wilts, 199. |
| 11 | Sutton, Surrey, 46. A parish containing 93 houses, and 579 inhabitants. |
| 59 | Sutton Hants, 132. |
| 10 | Sutton Common, Surrey, 46. |
| 139 | Sutton Mallet, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 17 houses, and 151 inhabitants. |
| 94 | Swallow Cliff, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 38 houses, and 217 inhabitants. |
| Swanwick, Hants, 221. | |
| Swathling, Hants, 212. | |
T. |
|
| 217 | Tall Petherwin, Cornwall, 153. |
| 140 | Talworth, Somerset, 144. |
| 15 | Tangier, Surrey, 47. |
| Tangmere, Sussex, 216. A parish containing 24 houses, and 136 inhabitants. | |
| 25 | Taplow, Bucks, 176. A parish containing 80 houses, and 422 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames, commanding a fine prospect of the surrounding country, which is adorned with many elegant villas. |
| 232 | Tarr, Cornwall, 124. |
| 100 | Tarrant Hinton, Dorset, 106. This village contains 41 houses, and 192 inhabitants. |
| 156 | Taunton, Somerset, 193. A borough
and market town, consisting of two parishes,
situated on the river Tone, containing
1371 houses, and 6997 inhabitants.
It consists of four principal streets, and is
in length, from east to west, near a mile.
The houses are well built, and the streets
wide and clean. The church of St. James
is an old building, having a square tower
and six bells; that of St. Mary Magdalen
is a handsome structure, having a lofty
tower, containing eight bells. This town has a considerable manufacture of silks, and here are two banking houses. It is an ancient borough by prescription, but the borough does not comprehend the whole of the town, only part of the parish of St. Mary Magdalen being within its limits. It sends two members to parliament, and has a market on Wednesday and Saturday. |
| 180 | Tedburn, St. Mary, Devon, 147. A parish containing 84 houses, and 527 inhabitants. |
| 227 | Temple, Cornwall, 154. A parish containing only 2 houses, and 15 inhabitants. |
| 226 | Temple Bridge, Cornwall, 154. |
| 227 | Temple Tor, Cornwall, 154. |
| 20 | Tetsworth Water, Bucks, 175. |
| 14 | Thames Ditton, Surrey, 24. A parish pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames, containing 265 houses, and 1288 inhabitants. |
| 53 | Thatcham, Berks, 180. A parish containing 407 houses, and 1995 inhabitants. |
| 44 | Theal, Berks, 178. |
| 98 | Thick Thorn, Dorset, 106. |
| 213 | Thomas, St., Cornwall, 152. A parish containing 36 houses, and 173 inhabitants. |
| 79 | Thomas’s, St., Bridge, Wilts, 103, 135. |
| 107 | Thorncomb Bottom, Dorset, 107. |
| 9 | Thornton Heath, Surrey, 53. |
| 94 | Thorny Down, Dorset, 106. |
| Thoulston, Wilts, 205. | |
| 160 | Three Bridges, Somerset, 194. |
| 151 | Thurloxton, Somerset, 193. A parish containing 28 houses, and 136 inhabitants. |
| 69 | Thuxton, Hants, 159. |
| 211 | Tilbestraw Hill, Surrey, 56. |
| 42 | Tilehurst, Berks, 178. A parish containing 254 houses, and 1353 inhabitants. |
| 42 | Tilehurst Common, Berks, 178. |
| 32 | Tilgate Forest, Sussex, 49. |
| 27 | Timberham Bridge, Surrey, 48. |
| 208 | Tinhay Bridge, Devon, 152. |
| 122 | Tintinhull, Somerset, 167. A parish containing 41 houses, and 333 inhabitants. |
| 52 | Tisted, East, Hants, 95. A parish containing 59 houses, and 226 inhabitants. |
| 54 | Tisted, West, Common, Hants, 95. |
| Titchfield, Hants, 222. A market town and parish, containing 551 houses, and 2949 inhabitants. The parish is very extensive, and has a good roadstead for vessels in Titchfield Bay, near the mouth of Southampton water. The river Aire passes the town, over which it has a bridge. The market is on Saturday. | |
| Titchfield Common, Hants, 222. | |
| 142 | Titherleigh, Dorset, 144. |
| 28 | Tittle Row, Berks, 176. |
| 6 | Tooting, Surrey, 45, 61. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1189 inhabitants. The church is of a circular form, with a low spire. |
| 5 | Tooting, Upper, Surrey, 45. |
| 218 | Tor Point, Cornwall, 123. |
| 229 | Tor, St., Bellarmines, Cornwall, 154. |
| Tortington Woods, Sussex, 217. | |
| 78 | Totton, Hants, 91, 92. |
| 260 | Trebista, Cornwall, 128. |
| 230 | Trebrown, Cornwall, 124. |
| 219 | Tredoll, Cornwall, 153. |
| 248 | Trefeesa, Cornwall, 157. |
| 222 | Tregantle, Lower, Cornwall, 123. |
| 269 | Tregarick, Cornwall, 129. |
| 241 | Tregos, Cornwall, 156. |
| 241 | Tregos Moor, Cornwall, 156. |
| 216 | Treguddick, Cornwall, 153. |
| 257 | Treloweth, Cornwall, 127. |
| 227 | Trerule, Cornwall, 124. |
| 227 | Trerule Foot, Cornwall, 124. |
| 214 | Tresbury, Cornwall, 152. |
| 214 | Tresbury, Higher, Cornwall, 152. |
| 214 | Tresbury, Lower, Cornwall, 152. |
| 231 | Tresilgin, Cornwall, 124. |
| 265 | Tresillian, Cornwall, 129. |
| 214 | Tresmarrow, Cornwall, 152. |
| 219 | Tresmayne, Cornwall, 153. |
| 252 | Trespen, Cornwall, 158. |
| 216 | Trethorn, Cornwall, 153. |
| 218 | Trevithick, Cornwall, 153. |
| 248 | Trevorry, Cornwall, 126. |
| 245 | Trewheela, Cornwall, 157. |
| 224 | Trewin, Cornwall, 123. |
| 220 | Trewint, Cornwall, 153. |
| 220 | Trewint Marsh, Cornwall, 153. |
| 221 | Trewint Tor, Cornwall, 153. |
| 252 | Treworgan, Cornwall, 158. |
| 54 | Triphill, Sussex, 43. |
| 142 | Troublehay, Devon, 145. |
| 117 | Troy Town, Dorset, 109. |
| 263 | Truck, Cornwall, 128. |
| 268 | Truro, Cornwall, 129, 158. A borough, market town, and parish, containing 400 houses, and 2482 inhabitants. It is situated at the confluence of two rivers, which form a convenient harbour for small vessels. The streets are regularly built, and the church is a spacious Gothic structure. It was incorporated by King John, and its charter confirmed by Queen Elizabeth; it is also a stannary town, and returns two members to parliament. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 251 | Trutham, Cornwall, 158. |
| 30 | Tunbridge, Kent, 14, 18. A market
town and parish, situated on the small river
Tun, a branch of the Medway, containing
704 houses, and 4371 inhabitants. Tunbridge is a very flourishing town, and once returned members to parliament. The church is a handsome modern structure. The ruins of its once magnificent castle are still to be seen, which was the scene of many events recorded in British history. Here is a famous grammar school, founded by Sir Andrew Judd, Lord Mayor of London in 1551; many of the masters of this seminary have been distinguished for their literary characters. The name of this town is supposed to be derived from the Town of Bridges, it having a stone bridge over each of the streams of the Medway. The market is on Friday, and on the first Tuesday in every month for cattle. |
| 35 | Tunbridge Wells, Kent, 14. A town
and chapelry, containing 236 houses, and
1618 inhabitants. This town may be divided
into four divisions, viz. Mount
Ephraim, Mount Pleasant, Mount Sion, and
the Wells; the three former are the suburbs,
and take their name from their situation.
Mount Ephraim was once the most
fashionable quarter, and had its assembly
room, tavern, &c. but it is now chiefly occupied
by lodging houses. The part called
the Wells, is the centre of both business
and amusement, having elegant assembly
rooms, a new chapel, and the place of the
public parades, called the Upper and
Lower. These are two walks parallel to
each other, the former being the principal
one, is paved with Purbeck stone; from
which the Lower Parade is divided by a
range of palisadoes. A portico, supported
by wooden Tuscan pillars, runs the length
of the principal walk. Here is a neat little
theatre. The principal trade of this town is in the manufacture and sale of toys, made of cherry-tree, sycamore, &c. and the Tunbridge turnery-ware finds a ready mart in most parts of the kingdom. The celebrated springs of Tunbridge were first discovered in 1606, by Dudley Lord North, who had retired into the neighbourhood in the last stage of a consumption; after three months use of these waters, his Lordship’s health was quite recovered, and he lived to be 80 years of age. The wells are now enclosed with a triangular stone wall, containing a well paved area, entered by a handsome gateway; over the springs are placed basons, with perforations at the bottom to discharge the overflowing: at the fountain head it is extremely clear and pellucid, having little smell, but the taste is strongly impregnated with iron: the season commences in March or April, and ends as late as November. In the neighbourhood are many pleasant walks and rides. |
| 5 | Turnham Green, Middlesex, 69. |
| 206 | Twelveacre, Devon, 151. |
| 70 | Twenties, Kent, 12. |
| 109 | Twerton, or Twiverton, Somerset, 201. This village contains 109 houses, and 764 inhabitants. |
| 142 | Twisgate, Devon, 170. |
| 34 | Twyford, Wilts, 177. |
| 14 | Tythe Barn, Middlesex, 174. |
U. |
|
| 42 | Uckfield, Sussex, 58. A township containing 102 houses, and 811 inhabitants. |
| 170 | Ufculm Down, Devon, 195. |
| 85 | Ugford, Wilts, 136. |
| 144 | Uppottery, Devon, 170. A parish containing 150 houses, and 795 inhabitants. |
| 62 | Upstreet, Kent, 11. |
| 20 | Upton, Bucks, 175. A parish containing 165 houses, and 1018 inhabitants. |
| Upton Folley, Wilts, 207. | |
| Upton Lovell, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 37 houses, and 242 inhabitants. | |
| 125 | Upway Street, Dorset, 171. |
| 117 | Urgashay, Somerset, 166. |
V. |
|
| 3 | Vauxhall, Surrey, 23. A hamlet situated
on the banks of the river Thames. It contains
several extensive manufactories of
pottery, stone, patent shot, and several distilleries.
Here is also that celebrated place
of amusement for the metropolis, during the
summer season, known by the name of
Vauxhall Gardens, originally opened under
the name of Spring Gardens, in 1730, by
Mr. Jonathan Tyers. The season commences
on the 4th of June, and closes the
latter end of August; it is open three times
a week. The grounds are very handsomely decorated with paintings, originally from the humorous pencil of Hogarth; all the walks and avenues are brilliantly lighted with variegated lamps and transparencies. In the centre of the gardens is erected an orchestra, where the concert commences at eight o’clock, assisted by the most eminent performers, both vocal and instrumental, and finishes about twelve o’clock with a display of fire works. In the neighbourhood of Vauxhall are many handsome residences. |
| 79 | Vespasian’s Camp, Wilts, 161. This ancient fortification occupies the summit of an eminence, bounded by the river Avon; it is surrounded by a single ditch and vallum, inclosing an area of thirty-nine acres. Its origin is supposed to be British, though it bears the name of a Roman Emperor, whose troops might probably have occupied it, to whom additions and alterations, evidently made, may be attributed; and there are also many traces remaining which denote its subsequent occupation by the Danes and Saxons. The area of this entrenchment is covered with plantations, disposed in avenues, walks, &c. |
| 52 | Vine Hall, Sussex, 21. |
W. |
|
| Waddon, Wilts, 209. | |
| Walberton, Sussex, 217. A parish containing 72 houses, and 502 inhabitants. | |
| 61 | Walcot, Great, Berks, 181. |
| 61 | Walcot, Little, Berks, 181. |
| 133 | Walditch, Dorset, 111. A village containing 19 houses, and 134 inhabitants. |
| 152 | Walford Bridge, Somerset, 193. |
| Wallington, Hants, 222. | |
| 71 | Wallop, Hants, 102. |
| 66 | Waltham Chase, Hants, 97. |
| 56 | Waltham, Upper, Sussex, 39. |
| 134 | Walton, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 70 houses, and 397 inhabitants. |
| Walton Heath, Hants, 213. | |
| 17 | Walton Heath, Surrey, 47. |
| 140 | Wambrook, Higher, Dorset, 145. A parish containing 22 houses, and 138 inhabitants. |
| 6 | Wandsworth, Surrey, 23. A parish situated
near the confluence of the Wandle
with the Thames, containing 720 houses,
and 4446 inhabitants. The church is a
modern edifice, but the tower is of ancient
structure. Garret Lane, between this village and Tooting, was the scene of the mock election of the Mayor of Garret, held for a number of years at every general election among the mobility, to the great emolument of the publicans of Wandsworth. |
| 84 | Wans Dyke, Wilts, 198. A ditch crossing the country from east to west over Salisbury Plain for many miles together. It is by some supposed to have been thrown up by the Saxons, as a boundary between them and the Mercians; but Stukeley is of opinion that it was extant before the time of the Romans. The name is British, signifying the Division Dyke, thence it is inferred that it was one of the boundaries of the Belgic kingdom. |
| Warblington, Hants, 214. A parish containing 282 houses, and 1433 inhabitants. | |
| Warminster, Wilts, 206. A market
town and parish, situated on the small
river Wyley, which falls into the Avon at
Salisbury, containing 1073 houses, and
4866 inhabitants. The principal trade is
that of malting, and a small woollen manufacture.
The parish church, situated at
the west end of the town, is a spacious
and handsome building, with a square
tower, containing six bells. It has also a
neat chapel of ease, erected for the convenience
of the parishioners, near the centre
of the town: there is a good market
house and assembly room, and a free grammar
school for twenty boys. The houses are mostly built of rough stone, and the market on Saturday is well supplied with corn. |
|
| 60 | Warnford, Hants, 96. |
| 34 | Warnham, Sussex, 64. A parish containing 103 houses, and 680 inhabitants. |
| 54 | Wartlington, Sussex, 21. |
| 48 | Washington Common, Sussex, 66. |
| 122 | Watercomb Gate, Somerset, 141. |
| 127 | Watergore, Somerset, 168. |
| 27 | Watts Cross, Kent, 18. |
| 131 | Wearyall Hill, Somerset, 190. |
| 178 | Welland, Devon, 147. |
| 10 | Welling, Kent, 2. |
| 163 | Wellington, Somerset, 194. A market
town and parish, situated on the river
Tone, containing 745 houses, and 4032 inhabitants. This town gives title of Duke to the illustrious hero of Waterloo: it is well built, consisting of four streets, the principal one being half a mile in length. The church is a noble structure, having a lofty tower, containing eight bells. Market on Thursday. |
| 125 | WELLS, Somerset, 189. This city is
pleasantly situated on the borders of the
Mendip Hills, on the small river Wesitire,
containing 930 houses, and 5156 inhabitants.
It is well built, the houses neat,
many of them elegant, and the streets
well paved and clean. The cathedral, the greater part of which, as it now stands, was erected in 1239, by Bishop Joseline de Wells, is a spacious gothic structure, in the form of a cross, being 380 feet long, and 130 wide. The entire west front is a pile of statues of most excellent carved stone-work, and one of the principal windows contains some beautiful paintings on glass; the cloisters adjoining are spacious and elegant, and the chapter-house, in the form of a rotunda, is supported by one pillar in the centre. The episcopal palace is reckoned the handsomest in the kingdom, though small. The parish church of St. Cuthbert has a lofty square tower, containing six bells; that of the cathedral has eight. The town-hall is situated over Bishop Bubwith’s Hospital, which is endowed for thirty poor men and women, besides which there are several other charities. On the east side of the city is a spacious open market place. It was first incorporated in the reign of Richard the First, and created into a free borough by a confirmed charter of King John; but in the reign of Queen Elizabeth the present corporation was formed, consisting of a mayor, recorder, seven masters, and sixteen common-councilmen. It returns two members to parliament. The chief manufactures are knitting of hose and bone lace. Market on Wednesday and Saturday. In that part called East Wells, which is without the city liberty, the annual races are held. |
| 62 | Westergate, Sussex, 42. |
| Westerton, Sussex, 216. | |
| 157 | Weston, Devon, 114. |
| 114 | Weston, Little, Somerset, 166. |
| Weston and Netley Heath, Hants, 221. | |
| Weston Pond, Hants, 221. | |
| 96 | Westrop, Wilts, 186. |
| 179 | Wey, Devon, 147. |
| 144 | Weycroft, Devon, 144. |
| 67 | Weyhill, Hants, 159. A small village, consisting only of a few straggling houses on a rising ground, but noted for its fair, which commences on the 9th of October, for all kinds of cattle, cheese, hops, and pedlary, and reckoned the largest in England, lasting fourteen days. |
| 128 | Weymouth, Dorset, 171. A sea port,
borough, and market town, containing
1019 houses, and 4732 inhabitants. It is
a place of considerable antiquity, but was
small, and indifferently built, till within
these last twenty or thirty years, when,
from its fashionable resort as a bathing
place, it became greatly enlarged, and has
now many elegant buildings. The church
is a low building, and consists of three
aisles; the altar-piece is universally admired. Weymouth formerly carried on a considerable trade, and was the principal port of the county, but it is now rivalled by Pool; being sheltered by the surrounding hills, possessing a pure air, a fine beach of sand, and a calm bay, formed by a semicircle of more than two miles, it is well adapted as a bathing place: near the centre of the town is a commodious hot salt-water bath; there are likewise private cold baths. The theatre is neatly fitted up, and has a good company. The assembly room is very spacious and lofty, and the interior handsomely decorated. Here are also well furnished libraries, commodious lodging-houses, and every thing necessary for the pleasure and convenience of its numerous visitors. The port is defended by two castles, Sandford, and Portland. The fashionable promenade is on The Esplanade, which is about half a mile long, and 30 feet broad. The Look-out, on the Weymouth side of the river, is another pleasant and much frequented walk, commanding a beautiful prospect of the bay and Portland isles; near it is the Camera Obscura, and in the vicinity is a battery of heavy cannon, and some cavalry barracks. Two packets are stationed here for the islands of Guernsey and Jersey. It sends two members to parliament; and has a market on Tuesday and Friday. |
| 36 | Wheeler Street, Surrey, 37. |
| 187 | Whiddon End, Devon, 149. |
| 188 | Whiddon Down, Devon, 149. |
| 57 | Whitchurch, Hants, 100. A borough,
market town, and parish, containing 220
houses, and 1275 inhabitants. The town is an ancient borough by prescription, but not incorporated. It sends two members to parliament. Whitchurch is noted for a trout stream, much frequented by anglers. Market on Friday. |
| 108 | Whitchurch Down, Dorset, 108. |
| 128 | White Cross, Somerset, 168. |
| 136 | White Down, Somerset, 143. |
| 84 | White Horse, The, Wilts, 184. (For description see Oldbury Camp) |
| 131 | Whitelackington, Somerset, 168. |
| 39 | Whiteman’s Green, Sussex, 50. |
| Whitenap, Hants, 211. | |
| White Parish, Wilts, 210. A parish containing 189 houses, and 877 inhabitants. | |
| 96 | Whitesand Cross, Wilts, 138. |
| 100 | White Sheet Castle, Wilts, 172. This
encampment derives its name from the hill
on which it is placed; it is strongly fortified
by nature on three sides, and on the
fourth it is defended by three ditches and
valla, terminating in one, on the sides most
difficult of access. The area within the
innermost vallum measures fifteen acres,
and the circumference of the outward ditch
is 1032 yards. Sir Richard Colt Hoare is of opinion that this encampment was originally a British work, with a single ditch; and supposes that the other two were added at a subsequent period, and probably by the Saxons. |
| 96 | White Sheet Hill, Wilts, 138. |
| 135 | Whiteway Common, Somerset, 169. |
| 98 | Whitley, Wilts, 200. |
| 97 | Whitley Common, Wilts, 200. |
| 143 | Wibble Green, Devon, 145. |
| 117 | Wick, Somerset, 203. |
| Wicker, Hard, Hants, 222. | |
| 69 | Wickham, Hants, 97, 213. A parish which appears to have been formerly much more considerable, and is remarkable as being the birth-place of the famous William of Wickham, in the reign of Edward the Second. |
| Wickham Corner, Hants, 213. | |
| Wildern, Hants, 212. | |
| 221 | Wildmoor, Cornwall, 153. |
| 88 | Wiley, Wilts, 162, 207. |
| 89 | Wiley Down, Wilts, 162. |
| 174 | Willand, Devon, 195. A parish containing 50 houses, and 255 inhabitants. |
| 173 | Willand Moor, Devon, 195. |
| Willoughby’s Barn, Wilts, 206. | |
| 97 | Willoughby Hedge, Wilts, 163. |
| 152 | Wilmington, Devon, 114. |
| 228 | Wilton, Cornwall, 124. |
| 84 | Wilton, Wilts, 136, 208. A borough, market town, and parish, situated on the river Wyley, containing 344 houses, and 2144 inhabitants. Its manufactures are principally carpets and clothing. It is the county town, and sends two members to parliament. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 9 | Wimbledon Common, Surrey, 24. This Common is surrounded by many handsome residences: and here is a well, the water of which is never known to freeze. |
| 101 | Wimborne Minster, Dorset, 89. A market town and parish, containing 704 houses, and 3518 inhabitants. It is situated between the rivers Stour and Allen, and has a bridge over each. Its name is derived from its ancient minster or abbey, which is a venerable Norman Gothic structure, having a fine tower in the middle, and another at the west end. The middle tower had formerly a spire, which is recorded to have been as high as that of Salisbury. King Ethelred, who was slain in battle by the Danes, is said to have been buried here. The market is on Friday. |
| Wimmering, Hants, 214, 223. | |
| 107 | Wincaunton, Somerset, 165. A market town and parish, containing 380 houses, and 1850 inhabitants. Its chief manufactures are ticking and dowlas. The church has a neat square tower, containing six bells. The market is on Wednesday. |
| 62 | WINCHESTER, Hants, 77, 84, 85.
This city is situated on the banks of the
river Itchen, containing 1134 houses, and
6705 inhabitants. Most of the buildings
have an appearance of antiquity, and the
streets are broad, and remarkably clean.
It is about half a mile long, a mile and
a half in compass, and contains eight
churches. The present cathedral was began in the 11th century, by Bishop Walkelyn, but was in part rebuilt by Bishop Wickham, in 1394. The length of this magnificent fabric is 545 feet, including the chapel of our lady, 54 feet, and the choir 136. The height of the tower is 138 feet; but it appears, from the abrupt manner of its termination, never to have been finished. The altar-screen is thought by many even superior to that of St. Alban’s. The entrance into the choir is by a noble flight of steps, the breadth of the middle aisle. On each side of the great arch of the entrance are recesses, wherein are placed the statues of King James and Charles the First, cast in copper. The cross, from north to south, is divided from the choir by wooden partitions, carried up to a vast height. The stalls in the choir are of fine Gothic workmanship, but the Bishop’s throne is inferior to the rest. The stone screen, where the high altar is placed, is a neat and delicate piece of Gothic work. At the west end of the church is a painted window, representing the history of the Old Testament, but much defaced. At the east end is also a window with paintings. For many years this church was the place for the coronation of our kings. The east end of the church is terminated by three chapels; that on the south is called Bishop Langton’s Chapel, of curious carved work, containing several elegant tombs. In the Chapel of our Lady, King Philip and Queen Mary were married. The new college of this city was founded by William of Wickham. The building consists of two large courts, the first containing suits of apartments for the warden, ten fellows, seventy scholars, three chaplains, six choristers, masters, &c. In the centre is an elegant chapel. In the second court are the schools, and a long cloister and enclosures for the diversion of the scholars. In the middle of the cloisters is the library, a strong stone building. Over the door of the school is a statue of the founder. Contiguous to the college, on the west, is a spacious quadrangular building, forming a detached school for commoners, or gentlemen not on the foundation, under the immediate care of the head master. The mother church of Winchester is St. Lawrence; it consists of one large aisle, with a lofty square tower, containing five bells. St. Thomas’s is an ancient structure, consisting of two aisles, divided by round pillars of the Gothic order; the tower is a low ordinary building. St. Maurice’s was originally a priory, and consists of two aisles, one of which is very spacious; the tower is strong. St. Michael’s is a low and ancient building, tiled, having two good aisles, and a tower containing five bells. St. Swithen’s is erected over a postern, called King’s Gate, and consists of a large neat room, ascended to by a stone stair-case. St. Peter’s Cheesehill, consists of two ailes, of different sizes, both neat, but plain; it has a tower containing three bells. St. John’s-at-Hill is divided into three ailes by round Gothic pillars; the tower is remarkably strong, finished with a turret, containing a clock. St. Martin’s Winnall was rebuilt in 1736, and consists of one aisle, having a small tower at the west end, containing one bell. In this city are a number of a charitable institutions, among which is the public infirmary, a handsome edifice. The town hall is a good building, supported by doric pillars, and ornamented with a statue of Queen Anne. In 1788 a new spacious county gaol was erected on the Howardian plan, in the court of which is a neat chapel; there is also a Bridewell for the city, and another for the county. The theatre is a handsome structure, built in 1785. There is an annual well-attended music meeting held here in September, continuing for three days, which closes with a ball. Winchester has also its winter assembly, concerts, balls, and every other fashionable amusement. The streets are well paved and lighted; and here are two banking-houses. The ancient castle, which is supposed to have been built by King Arthur, was mostly demolished by the parliament forces during the civil wars, except the old hall, in which the assizes are held; in this also hangs what is denominated Arthur’s Round Table, with the names of the knights thereon. In this castle William the Second was crowned, and on its site a royal palace was began in 1683, the principal floor of which is a noble range of apartments, and contains in all 160 chambers, which has often been occupied by prisoners of war, on their parole. This city sends two members to parliament. The markets are held on Wednesday and Saturday, and are well supplied with all kinds of provision, poultry, fish, &c. |
| 122 | Windham’s Sock, Somerset, 167. |
| 120 | Windmill Hill, Somerset, 141. |
| 22 | Windsor, Berks, 175. A borough and
market town, delightfully situated on the
banks of the Thames, containing 1051
houses, and 6155 inhabitants. It has belonged
to the crown ever since the conquest,
and has of late been much improved,
containing several good streets, which are
well paved and lighted. The parish church is a spacious building, situated in the High Street, in which also stands the Guildhall, or Town-house, a neat structure, erected in 1686, supported by columns and arches of Portland stone. On the north side is a statue of Queen Anne, and on the south side that of Prince George of Denmark: the inside is adorned with the portraits of many royal person ages. Windsor contains many handsome buildings, but its chief pride is the Castle, which for more than seven hundred years has been the favourite country residence of the British kings. (see Index of Seats) The chapel of St. George was originally a chapel dedicated to Edward the Confessor. It was rebuilt by Edward the Third, and established as a collegiate church, but owes its present form to Edward the Fourth, and its completion to Henry the Seventh. Here lie interred under the choir, the bodies of Henry the Eighth and Jane Seymour, Charles the First, and a daughter of Queen Anne. Adjoining the east end is a neat building, erected by Henry the Seventh, a burial place for himself and successors: a most sumptuous monument was erected here by Cardinal Wolsey; but he dying at Leicester, was there privately buried. This chapel, after having been long neglected, was repaired by his present Majesty, in 1790, when it was adorned with rich carvings in wood, and received a new altar-piece, organ, and gallery. The ceremonies of the installation of the Knights of the Garter are performed in this chapel with great state and solemnity. Windsor was made a free borough by Edward the First, and sent members to parliament in the thirteenth year of the same reign, which it has continued, except an intermission from the 14th of Edward the Third, until the 25th of Henry the Sixth. Here is a neat theatre, and extensive barracks for horse and foot soldiers. The market is held on Saturday, in the area beneath the town hall, and is well supplied with all kinds of provision, fish, &c. |
| 134 | Windwhistle, Somerset, 143. |
| Wine Cross, Hants, 213. | |
| 125 | Winterborne Abbas, Dorset, 110. A parish containing 26 houses, and 156 inhabitants. |
| 126 | Winterborne Common, Dorset, 110. |
| 83 | Winterborn Stoke, Wilts, 161. A parish containing 48 houses, and 256 inhabitants. |
| 77 | Winterbourn Down, Wilts, 103, 135. |
| 75 | Winterbourn Gunner Down, Wilts, 103, 135. |
| 110 | Winterborne Whitchurch, Dorset, 108. A parish containing 89 houses, and 430 inhabitants. |
| 74 | Winterslow Hutt, Wilts, 103, 135. |
| Wishford, Wilts, 208. A parish containing 80 houses, and 346 inhabitants. | |
| Wishford, Little, Wilts, 208. | |
| 19 | Wistley Common, Surrey, 25. |
| 51 | Withdean, Sussex, 51. |
| 37 | Witley, Surrey, 37. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1039 inhabitants. A spring in this parish, at Bonfield, is reckoned efficacious for sore eyes. This place retains its ancient privilege from serving on juries. From Hindhead and Gracewood Hills, are charming prospects of the surrounding country. |
| 36 | Witley Common, Surrey, 27, 33. |
| 170 | Wonford, East, Devon, 116. |
| 27 | Woodcock Bridge, Surrey, 56. |
| 22 | Wood Hatch, Surrey, 48. |
| 204 | Woodland, Devon, 121. |
| 35 | Wood’s Gate, Kent, 19. |
| 92 | Woodyates Inn, Dorset, 105. |
| 8 | Wood, West, Kent, 2. |
| 29 | Wooley Green, Berks, 176. |
| 123 | Woolham Mill, Somerset, 167. |
| 49 | Woolhampton, Berks, 179. A parish containing 43 houses, and 322 inhabitants. |
| 39 | Woolson Bridge, Hants, 74. |
| 63 | Woolwich Wood, Kent, 9. |
| Woolverton, Somerset, 205. A parish containing 28 houses, and 169 inhabitants. | |
| 93 | Workly Down, Dorset, 105. |
| 56 | Worthing, Sussex, 67, 218. This place,
which a short time ago consisted only of a
few miserable huts, has now many handsome
buildings, several of them sufficiently
extensive and elegant to accommodate the
first families in the kingdom. The modern buildings are on the coast, but the village extends towards the Downs, in a straight line, for about half a mile. Here are two respectable libraries, and commodious warm baths. Worthing is much resorted to during the bathing season, by those who prefer quiet to the noise and bustle of Brighton; and there is a facility of bathing here in the most stormy weather, with a level extent of sand for a length of ten miles. Being surrounded at the distance of about a mile by the chain of Sussex Downs, even in the winter months, the chilling blasts of the northern and eastern winds are entirely excluded. A fishery is carried on here in the spring for mackarel, and in the autumn for herrings. |
| 48 | Worting, Hants, 99. A parish containing 15 houses, and 120 inhabitants. |
| 21 | Wray Common, Surrey, 54. |
| 201 | Wrangerton, Devon, 120. |
| 35 | Wych Cross, Sussex, 57. |
Y. |
|
| 141 | Yarcombe, Devon, 169. A parish containing 110 houses, and 740 inhabitants. |
| 85 | Yarnbury Castle, Wilts, 162. This ancient fortification, like most others of a similar nature, occupies an elevated spot. Its original construction is supposed to be British, though it was afterwards occupied by the Romans and Saxons. At present it consists of a double ditch and vallum, inclosing an area of twenty-eight acres and a half. There are six entrances, but several of these do not appear to have belonged to the original work. The principal one towards the east is defended by a strong and detached out-work, and there is also on the west side another defended by an out-work of an irregular form. The inner rampart is very strong, fifty-two feet high, and is of a more regular construction than the outer vallum. The circumference of the exterior ditch is nearly a mile. Many vestages of British and Roman antiquities have here been discovered. |
| 148 | Yarty Bridge, Devon, 113. |
| 31 | Yately Heath, Hants, 73. |
| 83 | Yatesbury, Wilts, 184. A parish containing 51 houses, and 234 inhabitants. |
| 117 | Yellowham Hill, Dorset, 109. |
| 126 | Yeobridge, Somerset, 168. |
| 120 | Yeovil, Somerset, 141. A market town and parish near the river Yeo, or Ivil, containing 747 houses, and 2774 inhabitants. Many of the streets are wide, and the houses well built of stone and brick. The church is a fine old Gothic structure, with a high tower, containing six bells. This town was formerly noted for its manufacture of woollen cloth; but its principal mart now is that of leather gloves. The town is well supplied with water, and the market, which is held on Friday, is very considerable for lean cattle, and all kinds of provision. |
| 119 | Yeovil Bridge, Somerset, 141. |
Z. |
|
| 102 | Zeal’s Green, Wilts, 164. |
| 102 | Zeal’s Row, Wilts, 164. |
| 190 | Zeal, South, Devon, 149. |
END OF INDEX TO THE DIRECT AND CROSS ROADS.
⁂ Although every possible care has been taken to render this work the most complete of its kind, and the Proprietor is unconscious of any existing defect, yet, from the nature of the subject, alterations in some few instances may have occurred (even since the information it contains was collected), he therefore most earnestly solicits those noblemen and gentlemen who may be pleased to patronise his book, that they will condescend to communicate any information which, in their opinion, may contribute to its improvement. Such communications, addressed to the Publisher, E. Mogg, No. 51, Charing Cross, will be most gratefully accepted and immediately investigated.
The Binder is desired to Bind this Work in the following Order.
1. Vignette Title.
2. Title, Dedication, Advertisement, and Table of Routes.
3. The Maps as per Paging.
4. Index of Seats.
5. Index of Places.
6. Map of England.
Whittingham and Rowland, Printers, Goswell Street, London.
Larger map (600 kB)
Unless listed below, the spelling, punctuation and formatting of the original have been retained, including inconsistencies, and including the spelling of geographical and proper names that may have changed since.
Maps are best viewed in the web browser version, available at www.gutenberg.org; the web browser version also contains links to larger maps.
References to “Pa. nnn” or “Page nnn” (in the text as well as in the maps) refer to map nnn rather than page nnn.
In the Indexes, I and J are considered the same first letter.
Indexes: order of entries has not been corrected.
Indexes: inconsistencies in references have not been corrected.
Index to the Country Seats, introduction: ... together with a Description of the most remarkable. As printed in the source document.
Index to the Country Seats, Burton Park: Battesla Leoni is possibly Giacomo Leoni (1686-1746).
Index to the Country Seats, Bell Vue: called Belle Vue on the map.
Index to the Country Seats, Fleming, Col.: South Stoneham House is not listed in the Index to the Country Seats.
Following is a list of transcriptions of names that are difficult or impossible to read on the large maps at high zoom levels. Usually they were printed as black text on dark green or on a hatched background. The spelling as used in the maps has been retained. Common map items such as mileages, turnpikes, obelisks, etc. have been ignored for this list.
Changes made
Some minor corrections in formatting made silently.
Some obvious typographical errors and misprints have been corrected silently.
A‘Court and A‘Dair have been standardised to A’Court and A’Dair
Maps:
map number 174 176 changed to 174 175
Index to the Country Seats:
Entry Comb House changed to Combe House
Northumberland, Duke of: Worrington House changed to Werrington House
Saltonstall, Miss: Hatchfold changed to Hatchford
Wheble, James: Woodly Lodge changed to Woodley Lodge
Wilkes: Rooks Nest changed to Rooksnest
Ximenes changed to Ximenes.
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Survey of the High Roads of England
and Wales. Part the First., by Edward Mogg
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