The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History Of The Decline And Fall Of The
Roman Empire, by Edward Gibbon

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: The History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire
       Table of Contents with links in the HTML file to the two
              Project Gutenberg editions (12 volumes)

Author: Edward Gibbon

Commentator: Rev. H. H. Milman

Editor: David Widger

Release Date: June 7, 2008 [EBook #25717]
Last Updated: November 10, 2012

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE ***




Produced by David Widger





HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Edward Gibbon, Esq.

With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman

Complete Contents

1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised)


The 1996 Project Gutenberg Edition
Table of Contents for Ebooks 731-736

HTML file in the ASCII character set, and includes
all the original footnotes now linked to the text.



The 1997 Project Gutenberg Edition
Table of Contents for Ebooks 890-895

HTML file in the LATIN-1 character set,
but the first five volumes do not have footnotes.








There are two Project Gutenberg sets produced by David Reed of the complete "History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire" by Edward Gibbon: the 1996 ASCII text only edition (PG #731-736) has the advantage of including all the foonotes by Gibbin and others; the 1997 edition (PG #890-895)in the Latin-1 character set was provided at that time only in html format and footnotes were not included in the first five volumes of this set.

Both of these sets have been recently completely reproofed with correction of several thousand errors. An html and text format have been provided for both sets. The HTML version of the earlier set has approximately 6000 linked footnotes. Over 1000 linked footnotes were prepared for the last volume of the latter set in this updated edition.

Consideration was given to combining these two sets into one, however there are advantages and disadvantages to each and it was decided to keep both.

     David Reed's note in the original Project Gutenberg 1997 edition:

     I want to make this the best etext edition possible for both scholars
     and the general public and would like to thank those who have helped
     in making this text better. Especially Dale R. Fredrickson who has hand
     entered the Greek characters in the footnotes and who has suggested
     retaining the conjoined ae character in the text.

A set in my library of the first original First American Edition of 1836 was used as a reference for the many questions which came up during the re-proofing and renovation of the 1996 and 1997 Project Gutenberg editions. Images of spines, front-leaf, frontispiece, and the titlepage of the 1836 set are inserted below along with the two large fold out maps.

DAVID WIDGER
For Project Gutenberg


spines2 (138K)



inside (130K)



portrait (157K)



titlepage (41K)


MAPS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Western Empire

Full Size     Original Archive
West-NW-thumb (30K)
   

Full Size     Original Archive
West-SW-thumb (26K)

Full Size     Original Archive
West-NE-thumb (33K)


Full Size     Original Archive
West-SE-thumb (41K)



Eastern Empire

Full Size     Original Archive
East-NW-thumb (30K)
   

Full Size     Original Archive
East-SW-thumb (26K)

Full Size     Original Archive
East-NE-thumb (33K)


Full Size     Original Archive
East-SE-thumb (41K)






1996 Project Gutenberg Edition

Table of Contents for Ebooks 731-736




VOLUME ONE

Introduction

Preface By The Editor.

Preface Of The Author.

Preface To The First Volume.

Preface To The Fourth Volume Of The Original Quarto Edition.

Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antonines—Part I.

     The Extent And Military Force Of The Empire In The Age Of
     The Antonines.

Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part II.

Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part III.

Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part I.

     Of The Union And Internal Prosperity Of The Roman Empire, In
     The Age Of The Antonines.

Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part II.

Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part III.

Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines. Part IV.

Chapter III: The Constitution In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part I.

     Of The Constitution Of The Roman Empire, In The Age Of The
     Antonines.

Chapter III: The Constitution In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part II.

Chapter IV: The Cruelty, Follies And Murder Of Commodus.—Part I.

     The Cruelty, Follies, And Murder Of Commodus—Election Of
     Pertinax—His Attempts To Reform The State—His
     Assassination By The Praetorian Guards.

Chapter IV: The Cruelty, Follies And Murder Of Commodus.—Part II.

Chapter V: Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus.—Part I.

     Public Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus By The
     Praetorian Guards—Clodius Albinus In Britain, Pescennius
     Niger In Syria, And Septimius Severus In Pannonia, Declare
     Against The Murderers Of Pertinax—Civil Wars And Victory Of
     Severus Over His Three Rivals—Relaxation Of Discipline—New
     Maxims Of Government.

Chapter V: Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus.—Part II.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part I.

     The Death Of Severus.—Tyranny Of Caracalla.—Usurpation
     Of Macrinus.—Follies Of Elagabalus.—Virtues Of Alexander
     Severus.—Licentiousness Of The Army.—General State Of
     The Roman Finances.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part II.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part III.

Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part IV.

Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part I.

     The Elevation And Tyranny Of Maximin.—Rebellion In Africa
     And Italy, Under The Authority Of The Senate.—Civil Wars
     And Seditions.—Violent Deaths Of Maximin And His Son, Of
     Maximus And Balbinus, And Of The Three Gordians.—
     Usurpation And Secular Games Of Philip.

Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part II.

Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part III.

Chapter VIII: State Of Persion And Restoration Of The Monarchy.—Part I.

     Of The State Of Persia After The Restoration Of The Monarchy
     By Artaxerxes.

Chapter VIII: State Of Persion And Restoration Of The Monarchy.—Part II.

Chapter IX: State Of Germany Until The Barbarians.—Part I.

     The State Of Germany Till The Invasion Of The Barbarians In
     The Time Of The Emperor Decius.

Chapter IX: State Of Germany Until The Barbarians.—Part II.

Chapter IX: State Of Germany Until The Barbarians.—Part III.

Chapter X: Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian And Gallienus—Part I.

     The Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian, And
     Gallienus.—The General Irruption Of The Barbari Ans.—The
     Thirty Tyrants.

Chapter X: Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian And Gallienus.—Part II.

Chapter X: Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian And Gallienus.—Part III.

Chapter X: Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian And Gallienus.—Part IV.

Chapter XI: Reign Of Claudius, Defeat Of The Goths.—Part I.

     Reign Of Claudius.—Defeat Of The Goths.—Victories,
     Triumph, And Death Of Aurelian.

Chapter XI: Reign Of Claudius, Defeat Of The Goths.—Part II.

Chapter XI: Reign Of Claudius, Defeat Of The Goths.—Part III.

Chapter XII: Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus And His Sons.—Part I.

     Conduct Of The Army And Senate After The Death Of Aurelian.
     —Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus, And His Sons.

Chapter XII: Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus And His Sons.—Part II.

Chapter XII: Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus And His Sons.—Part III.

Chapter XIII: Reign Of Diocletian And This Three Associates.—Part I.

     The Reign Of Diocletian And His Three Associates, Maximian,
     Galerius, And Constantius.—General Reestablishment Of
     Order And Tranquillity.—The Persian War, Victory, And
     Triumph.—The New Form Of Administration.—Abdication And
     Retirement Of Diocletian And Maximian.

Chapter XIII: Reign Of Diocletian And This Three Associates.—Part II.

Chapter XIII: Reign Of Diocletian And This Three Associates.—Part III.

Chapter XIII: Reign Of Diocletian And This Three Associates.—Part IV.

Chapter XIV: Six Emperors At The Same Time, Reunion Of The Empire.—Part I.

     Troubles After The Abdication Of Diocletian.—Death Of
     Constantius.—Elevation Of Constantine And Maxen Tius.—
     Six Emperors At The Same Time.—Death Of Maximian And
     Galerius.—Victories Of Constantine Over Maxentius And
     Licinus.—Reunion Of The Empire Under The Authority Of
     Constantine.

Chapter XIV: Six Emperors At The Same Time, Reunion Of The Empire.—Part II.

Chapter XIV: Six Emperors At The Same Time, Reunion Of The Empire.—Part III.

Chapter XIV: Six Emperors At The Same Time, Reunion Of The Empire.—Part IV.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part I.

     The Progress Of The Christian Religion, And The Sentiments,
     Manners, Numbers, And Condition Of The Primitive Christians.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part II.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part III.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part IV.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part V.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part VI.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part VII

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part VIII.

Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part IX.



VOLUME TWO

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part I.

     The Conduct Of The Roman Government Towards The Christians,
     From The Reign Of Nero To That Of Constantine.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part II.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part III.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part IV.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part V.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part VI.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part VII.

Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part VIII.

Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part I.

     Foundation Of Constantinople.—Political System Constantine,
     And His Successors.—Military Discipline.—The Palace.—The
     Finances.

Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part II.

Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part III.

Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part IV.

Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part V.

Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part VI.

Chapter XVIII: Character Of Constantine And His Sons.—Part I.

     Character Of Constantine.—Gothic War.—Death Of
     Constantine.—Division Of The Empire Among His Three Sons.—
     Persian War.—Tragic Deaths Of Constantine The Younger And
     Constans.—Usurpation Of Magnentius.—Civil War.—Victory Of
     Constantius.

Chapter XVIII: Character Of Constantine And His Sons.—Part II.

Chapter XVIII: Character Of Constantine And His Sons.—Part III.

Chapter XVIII: Character Of Constantine And His Sons.—Part IV.

Chapter XIX: Constantius Sole Emperor.—Part I.

     Constantius Sole Emperor.—Elevation And Death Of Gallus.—
     Danger And Elevation Of Julian.—Sarmatian And Persian
     Wars.—Victories Of Julian In Gaul.

Chapter XIX: Constantius Sole Emperor.—Part II.

Chapter XIX: Constantius Sole Emperor.—Part III.

Chapter XIX: Constantius Sole Emperor.—Part IV.

Chapter XX: Conversion Of Constantine.—Part I.

     The Motives, Progress, And Effects Of The Conversion Of
     Constantine.—Legal Establishment And Constitution Of The
     Christian Or Catholic Church.

Chapter XX: Conversion Of Constantine.—Part II.

Chapter XX: Conversion Of Constantine.—Part III.

Chapter XX: Conversion Of Constantine.—Part IV.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part I.

     Persecution Of Heresy.—The Schism Of The Donatists.—The
     Arian Controversy.—Athanasius.—Distracted State Of The
     Church And Empire Under Constantine And His Sons.—
     Toleration Of Paganism.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part II.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part III.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part IV.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part V.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part VI.

Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part VII.

Chapter XXII: Julian Declared Emperor.—Part I.

     Julian Is Declared Emperor By The Legions Of Gaul.—His
     March And Success.—The Death Of Constantius.—Civil
     Administration Of Julian.

Chapter XXII: Julian Declared Emperor.—Part II.

Chapter XXII: Julian Declared Emperor.—Part III.

Chapter XXII: Julian Declared Emperor.—Part IV.

Chapter XXIII: Reign Of Julian.—Part I.

     The Religion Of Julian.—Universal Toleration.—He Attempts
     To Restore And Reform The Pagan Worship—To Rebuild The
     Temple Of Jerusalem—His Artful Persecution Of The
     Christians.—Mutual Zeal And Injustice.

Chapter XXIII: Reign Of Julian.—Part II.

Chapter XXIII: Reign Of Julian.—Part III.

Chapter XXIII: Reign Of Julian.—Part IV.

Chapter XXIII: Reign Of Julian.—Part V.

Chapter XXIV: The Retreat And Death Of Julian.—Part I.

     Residence Of Julian At Antioch.—His Successful Expedition
     Against The Persians.—Passage Of The Tigris—The Retreat
     And Death Of Julian.—Election Of Jovian.—He Saves The
     Roman Army By A Disgraceful Treaty.

Chapter XXIV: The Retreat And Death Of Julian.—Part II.

Chapter XXIV: The Retreat And Death Of Julian.—Part III.

Chapter XXIV: The Retreat And Death Of Julian.—Part IV.

Chapter XXIV: The Retreat And Death Of Julian.—Part V.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part I.

     The Government And Death Of Jovian.—Election Of
     Valentinian, Who Associates His Brother Valens, And Makes
     The Final Division Of The Eastern And Western Empires.—
     Revolt Of Procopius.—Civil And Ecclesiastical
     Administration.—Germany. —Britain.—Africa.—The East.—
     The Danube.—Death Of Valentinian.—His Two Sons, Gratian
     And Valentinian II., Succeed To The Western Empire.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part II.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part III.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part IV.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part V.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part VI.

Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part VII.

Chapter XXVI: Progress of The Huns.—Part I.

     Manners Of The Pastoral Nations.—Progress Of The Huns, From
     China To Europe.—Flight Of The Goths.—They Pass The
     Danube.—Gothic War.—Defeat And Death Of Valens.—Gratian
     Invests Theodosius With The Eastern Empire.—His Character
     And Success.—Peace And Settlement Of The Goths.

Chapter XXVI: Progress of The Huns.—Part II.

Chapter XXVI: Progress of The Huns.—Part III.

Chapter XXVI: Progress of The Huns.—Part IV.

Chapter XXVI: Progress of The Huns.—Part V.



VOLUME THREE


Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part I.

     Death Of Gratian.—Ruin Of Arianism.—St. Ambrose.—First
     Civil War, Against Maximus.—Character, Administration, And
     Penance Of Theodosius.—Death Of Valentinian II.—Second
     Civil War, Against Eugenius.—Death Of Theodosius.

Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part II.

Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part III.

Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part IV.

Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part V.

Chapter XXVIII: Destruction Of Paganism.—Part I.

     Final Destruction Of Paganism.—Introduction Of The Worship
     Of Saints, And Relics, Among The Christians.

Chapter XXVIII: Destruction Of Paganism.—Part II.

Chapter XXVIII: Destruction Of Paganism.—Part III.

Chapter XXIX: Division Of Roman Empire Between Sons Of Theodosius.—Part I.

     Final Division Of The Roman Empire Between The Sons Of
     Theodosius.—Reign Of Arcadius And Honorius—Administration
     Of Rufinus And Stilicho.—Revolt And Defeat Of Gildo In
     Africa.

Chapter XXIX: Division Of Roman Empire Between Sons Of Theodosius.—Part II.

Chapter XXX: Revolt Of The Goths.—Part I.

     Revolt Of The Goths.—They Plunder Greece.—Two Great
     Invasions Of Italy By Alaric And Radagaisus.—They Are
     Repulsed By Stilicho.—The Germans Overrun Gaul.—Usurpation
     Of Constantine In The West.—Disgrace And Death Of Stilicho.

Chapter XXX: Revolt Of The Goths.—Part II.

Chapter XXX: Revolt Of The Goths.—Part III.

Chapter XXX: Revolt Of The Goths.—Part IV.

Chapter XXX: Revolt Of The Goths.—Part V.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part I.

     Invasion Of Italy By Alaric.—Manners Of The Roman Senate
     And People.—Rome Is Thrice Besieged, And At Length
     Pillaged, By The Goths.—Death Of Alaric.—The Goths
     Evacuate Italy.—Fall Of Constantine.—Gaul And Spain Are
     Occupied By The Barbarians. —Independence Of Britain.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part II.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part II.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part III.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part IV.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part V.

Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part VI.

Chapter XXXII: Emperors Arcadius, Eutropius, Theodosius II.—Part I.

     Arcadius Emperor Of The East.—Administration And Disgrace
     Of Eutropius.—Revolt Of Gainas.—Persecution Of St. John
     Chrysostom.—Theodosius II. Emperor Of The East.—His Sister
     Pulcheria.—His Wife Eudocia.—The Persian War, And Division
     Of Armenia.

Chapter XXXII: Emperors Arcadius, Eutropius, Theodosius II.—Part II.

Chapter XXXII: Emperors Arcadius, Eutropius, Theodosius II.—Part III.

Chapter XXXIII: Conquest Of Africa By The Vandals.—Part I.

     Death Of Honorius.—Valentinian III.—Emperor Of The East.
     —Administration Of His Mother Placidia—Aetius And
     Boniface.—Conquest Of Africa By The Vandals.

Chapter XXXIII: Conquest Of Africa By The Vandals.—Part II.

Chapter XXXIV: Attila.—Part I.

     The Character, Conquests, And Court Of Attila, King Of The
     Huns.—Death Of Theodosius The Younger.—Elevation Of
     Marcian To The Empire Of The East.

Chapter XXXIV: Attila.—Part II.

Chapter XXXIV: Attila.—Part III.

Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila.—Part I.

     Invasion Of Gaul By Attila.—He Is Repulsed By Aetius And
     The Visigoths.—Attila Invades And Evacuates Italy.—The
     Deaths Of Attila, Aetius, And Valentinian The Third.

Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila.—Part II.

Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila.—Part III.

Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.—Part I.

     Sack Of Rome By Genseric, King Of The Vandals.—His Naval
     Depredations.—Succession Of The Last Emperors Of The West,
     Maximus, Avitus, Majorian, Severus, Anthemius, Olybrius,
     Glycerius, Nepos, Augustulus.—Total Extinction Of The
     Western Empire.—Reign Of Odoacer, The First Barbarian King
     Of Italy.

Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.—Part II.

Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.—Part III.

Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.—Part IV.

Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.—Part V.

Chapter XXXVII: Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity.—Part I.

     Origin Progress, And Effects Of The Monastic Life.—
     Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity And Arianism.—
     Persecution Of The Vandals In Africa.—Extinction Of
     Arianism Among The Barbarians.

Chapter XXXVII: Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity.—Part II.

Chapter XXXVII: Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity.—Part III.

Chapter XXXVII: Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity.—Part IV.

Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part I.

     Reign And Conversion Of Clovis.—His Victories Over The
     Alemanni, Burgundians, And Visigoths.—Establishment Of The
     French Monarchy In Gaul.—Laws Of The Barbarians.—State Of
     The Romans.—The Visigoths Of Spain.—Conquest Of Britain By
     The Saxons.

Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part II.

Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part III.

Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part IV.

Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part V.

Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part VI.



VOLUME FOUR


Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy.—Part I.

     Zeno And Anastasius, Emperors Of The East.—Birth,
     Education, And First Exploits Of Theodoric The Ostrogoth.—
     His Invasion And Conquest Of Italy.—The Gothic Kingdom Of
     Italy.—State Of The West.—Military And Civil Government.—
     The Senator Boethius.—Last Acts And Death Of Theodoric.

Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy.—Part II.

Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy.—Part III.

Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian.—Part I.

     Elevation Of Justin The Elder.—Reign Of Justinian.—I. The
     Empress Theodora.—II.  Factions Of The Circus, And Sedition
     Of Constantinople.—III.  Trade And Manufacture Of Silk.—
     IV. Finances And Taxes.—V. Edifices Of Justinian.—Church
     Of St. Sophia.—Fortifications And Frontiers Of The Eastern
     Empire.—Abolition Of The Schools Of Athens, And The
     Consulship Of Rome.

Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian.—Part II.

Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian.—Part III.

Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian.—Part IV.

Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian.—Part V.

Chapter XLI: Conquests Of Justinian, Charact Of Balisarius.—Part I.

     Conquests Of Justinian In The West.—Character And First
     Campaigns Of Belisarius—He Invades And Subdues The Vandal
     Kingdom Of Africa—His Triumph.—The Gothic War.—He
     Recovers Sicily, Naples, And Rome.—Siege Of Rome By The
     Goths.—Their Retreat And Losses.—Surrender Of Ravenna.—
     Glory Of Belisarius.—His Domestic Shame And Misfortunes.

Chapter XLI: Conquests Of Justinian, Charact Of Balisarius.—Part II.

Chapter XLI: Conquests Of Justinian, Charact Of Balisarius.—Part III.

Chapter XLI: Conquests Of Justinian, Charact Of Balisarius.—Part IV.

Chapter XLI: Conquests Of Justinian, Charact Of Balisarius.—Part V.

Chapter XLII: State Of The Barbaric World.—Part I.

     State Of The Barbaric World.—Establishment Of The Lombards
     On the Danube.—Tribes And Inroads Of The Sclavonians.—
     Origin, Empire, And Embassies Of The Turks.—The Flight Of
     The Avars.—Chosroes I, Or Nushirvan, King Of Persia.—His
     Prosperous Reign And Wars With The Romans.—The Colchian Or
     Lazic War.—The Aethiopians.

Chapter XLII: State Of The Barbaric World.—Part II.

Chapter XLII: State Of The Barbaric World.—Part III.

Chapter XLII: State Of The Barbaric World.—Part IV.

Chapter XLIII: Last Victory And Death Of Belisarius, Death Of Justinian.—Part I.

     Rebellions Of Africa.—Restoration Of The Gothic Kingdom By
     Totila.—Loss And Recovery Of Rome.—Final Conquest Of Italy
     By Narses.—Extinction Of The Ostrogoths.—Defeat Of The
     Franks And Alemanni.—Last Victory, Disgrace, And Death Of
     Belisarius.—Death And Character Of Justinian.—Comet,
     Earthquakes, And Plague.

Chapter XLIII: Last Victory And Death Of Belisarius, Death OF Justinian.—Part II.

Chapter XLIII: Last Victory And Death Of Belisarius, Death Of Justinian.—Part III.

Chapter XLIII: Last Victory And Death Of Belisarius, Death Of Justinian.—Part IV.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part I.

     Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—The Laws Of The Kings—The
     Twelve Of The Decemvirs.—The Laws Of The People.—The
     Decrees Of The Senate.—The Edicts Of The Magistrates And
     Emperors—Authority Of The Civilians.—Code, Pandects,
     Novels, And Institutes Of Justinian:—I.  Rights Of
     Persons.—II. Rights Of Things.—III.  Private Injuries And
     Actions.—IV. Crimes And Punishments.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part II.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part III.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part IV.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part V.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part VI.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part VII.

Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part VIII.

Chapter XLV: State Of Italy Under The Lombards.—Part I.

     Reign Of The Younger Justin.—Embassy Of The Avars.—Their
     Settlement On The Danube.—Conquest Of Italy By The
     Lombards.—Adoption And Reign Of Tiberius.—Of Maurice.—
     State Of Italy Under The Lombards And The Exarchs.—Of
     Ravenna.—Distress Of Rome.—Character And Pontificate Of
     Gregory The First.

Chapter XLV: State Of Italy Under The Lombards.—Part II.

Chapter XLV: State Of Italy Under The Lombards.—Part III.

Chapter XLVI: Troubles In Persia.—Part I.

     Revolutions On Persia After The Death Of Chosroes On
     Nushirvan.—His Son Hormouz, A Tyrant, Is Deposed.—
     Usurpation Of Baharam.—Flight And Restoration Of Chosroes
     II.—His Gratitude To The Romans.—The Chagan Of The Avars.—
     Revolt Of The Army Against Maurice.—His Death.—Tyranny Of
     Phocas.—Elevation Of Heraclius.—The Persian War.—Chosroes
     Subdues Syria, Egypt, And Asia Minor.—Siege Of
     Constantinople By The Persians And Avars.—Persian
     Expeditions.—Victories And Triumph Of Heraclius.

Chapter XLVI: Troubles In Persia.—Part II.

Chapter XLVI: Troubles In Persia.—Part III.

Chapter XLVI: Troubles In Persia.—Part IV.

Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part I.

     Theological History Of The Doctrine Of The Incarnation.—The
     Human And Divine Nature Of Christ.—Enmity Of The Patriarchs
     Of Alexandria And Constantinople.—St. Cyril And Nestorius.
     —Third General Council Of Ephesus.—Heresy Of Eutyches.—
     Fourth General Council Of Chalcedon.—Civil And
     Ecclesiastical Discord.—Intolerance Of Justinian.—The
     Three Chapters.—The Monothelite Controversy.—State Of The
     Oriental Sects:—I.  The Nestorians.—II.  The Jacobites.—
     III.  The Maronites.—IV. The Armenians.—V.  The Copts And
     Abyssinians.

Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part II.

Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part III.

Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part IV.

Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part V.

Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part VI.

Chapter XLVIII: Succession And Characters Of The Greek Emperors.—Part I.

     Plan Of The Two Last Volumes.—Succession And Characters Of
     The Greek Emperors Of Constantinople, From The Time Of
     Heraclius To The Latin Conquest.

Chapter XLVIII: Succession And Characters Of The Greek Emperors.—Part II.

Chapter XLVIII: Succession And Characters Of The Greek Emperors.—Part III.

Chapter XLVIII: Succession And Characters Of The Greek Emperors.—Part IV.

Chapter XLVIII: Succession And Characters Of The Greek Emperors.—Part V.



VOLUME FIVE


Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part I.

     Introduction, Worship, And Persecution Of Images.—Revolt Of
     Italy And Rome.—Temporal Dominion Of The Popes.—Conquest
     Of Italy By The Franks.—Establishment Of Images.—Character
     And Coronation Of Charlemagne.—Restoration And Decay Of The
     Roman Empire In The West.—Independence Of Italy.—
     Constitution Of The Germanic Body.

Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part II.

Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part III.

Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part IV.

Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part V.

Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part VI.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part I.

     Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Birth,
     Character, And Doctrine Of Mahomet.—He Preaches At Mecca.—
     Flies To Medina.—Propagates His Religion By The Sword.—
     Voluntary Or Reluctant Submission Of The Arabs.—His Death
     And Successors.—The Claims And Fortunes Of All And His
     Descendants.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part II.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part III.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part IV.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part V.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part VI.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part VII.

Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part VIII.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part I.

     The Conquest Of Persia, Syria, Egypt, Africa, And Spain, By
     The Arabs Or Saracens.—Empire Of The Caliphs, Or Successors
     Of Mahomet.—State Of The Christians, &c., Under Their
     Government.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part II.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part III.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part IV.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part V.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part VI.

Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part VII.

Chapter LII: More Conquests By The Arabs.—Part I.

     The Two Sieges Of Constantinople By The Arabs.—Their
     Invasion Of France, And Defeat By Charles Martel.—Civil War
     Of The Ommiades And Abbassides.—Learning Of The Arabs.—
     Luxury Of The Caliphs.—Naval Enterprises On Crete, Sicily,
     And Rome.—Decay And Division Of The Empire Of The Caliphs.
     —Defeats And Victories Of The Greek Emperors.

Chapter LII: More Conquests By The Arabs.—Part II.

Chapter LII: More Conquests By The Arabs.—Part III.

Chapter LII: More Conquests By The Arabs.—Part IV.

Chapter LII: More Conquests By The Arabs.—Part V.

Chapter LIII: Fate Of The Eastern Empire.—Part I.

     Fate Of The Eastern Empire In The Tenth Century.—Extent And
     Division.—Wealth And Revenue.—Palace Of Constantinople.—
     Titles And Offices.—Pride And Power Of The Emperors.—
     Tactics Of The Greeks, Arabs, And Franks.—Loss Of The Latin
     Tongue.—Studies And Solitude Of The Greeks.

Chapter LIII: Fate Of The Eastern Empire.—Part II.

Chapter LIII: Fate Of The Eastern Empire.—Part III.

Chapter LIII: Fate Of The Eastern Empire.—Part IV.

Chapter LIV: Origin And Doctrine Of The Paulicians.—Part I.

     Origin And Doctrine Of The Paulicians.—Their Persecution By
     The Greek Emperors.—Revolt In Armenia &c.—Transplantation
     Into Thrace.—Propagation In The West.—The Seeds,
     Character, And Consequences Of The Reformation.

Chapter LIV: Origin And Doctrine Of The Paulicians.—Part II.

Chapter LV: The Bulgarians, The Hungarians And The Russians.—Part I.

     The Bulgarians.—Origin, Migrations, And Settlement Of The
     Hungarians.—Their Inroads In The East And West.—The
     Monarchy Of Russia.—Geography And Trade.—Wars Of The
     Russians Against The Greek Empire.—Conversion Of The
     Barbarians.

Chapter LV: The Bulgarians, The Hungarians And The Russians.—Part II.

Chapter LV: The Bulgarians, The Hungarians And The Russians.—Part III.

Chapter LVI: The Saracens, The Franks And The Normans.—Part I.

     The Saracens, Franks, And Greeks, In Italy.—First
     Adventures And Settlement Of The Normans.—Character And
     Conquest Of Robert Guiscard, Duke Of Apulia—Deliverance Of
     Sicily By His Brother Roger.—Victories Of Robert Over The
     Emperors Of The East And West.—Roger, King Of Sicily,
     Invades Africa And Greece.—The Emperor Manuel Comnenus.—
     Wars Of The Greeks And Normans.—Extinction Of The Normans.

Chapter LVI: The Saracens, The Franks And The Normans.—Part II.

Chapter LVI: The Saracens, The Franks And The Normans.—Part III.

Chapter LVI: The Saracens, The Franks And The Normans.—Part IV.

Chapter LVI: The Saracens, The Franks And The Normans.—Part V.

Chapter LVII: The Turks.—Part I.

     The Turks Of The House Of Seljuk.—Their Revolt Against
     Mahmud Conqueror Of Hindostan.—Togrul Subdues Persia, And
     Protects The Caliphs.—Defeat And Captivity Of The Emperor
     Romanus Diogenes By Alp Arslan.—Power And Magnificence Of
     Malek Shah.—Conquest Of Asia Minor And Syria.—State And
     Oppression Of Jerusalem.—Pilgrimages To The Holy Sepulchre.

Chapter LVII: The Turks.—Part II.

Chapter LVII: The Turks.—Part III.

Chapter LVIII: The First Crusade.—Part I.

     Origin And Numbers Of The First Crusade.—Characters Of The Latin
     Princes.—Their March To Constantinople.—Policy Of The Greek
     Emperor Alexius.—Conquest Of Nice, Antioch, And Jerusalem, By The
     Franks.—Deliverance Of The Holy Sepulchre.— Godfrey Of Bouillon,
     First King Of Jerusalem.—Institutions Of The French Or Latin Kingdom.

Chapter LVIII: The First Crusade.—Part II.

Chapter LVIII: The First Crusade.—Part III.

Chapter LVIII: The First Crusade.—Part IV.

Chapter LVIII: The First Crusade.—Part V.



VOLUME SIX


Chapter LIX: The Crusades.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LX: The Fourth Crusade.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LXI: Partition Of The Empire By The French And Venetians.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXII: Greek Emperors Of Nice And Constantinople.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LXIII: Civil Wars And The Ruin Of The Greek Empire.—Part I.    Part II.

Chapter LXIV: Moguls, Ottoman Turks.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXV: Elevation Of Timour Or Tamerlane, And His Death.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LXVI: Union Of The Greek And Latin Churches.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXVII: Schism Of The Greeks And Latins.—Part I.    Part II.

Chapter LXVIII: Reign Of Mahomet The Second, Extinction Of Eastern Empire.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXIX: State Of Rome From The Twelfth Century.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXX: Final Settlement Of The Ecclesiastical State.—Part I.   Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXXI: Prospect Of The Ruins Of Rome In The Fifteenth Century.—Part I.    Part II









1997 Project Gutenberg Edition

Table of Contents for Ebooks 890-895

VOLUME ONE


Introduction
Preface By The Editor
Preface Of The Author
Preface To The First Volume

Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antoninies.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.

Introduction—The Extent And Military Force Of The Empire In
The Age Of The Antonines.


Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.  

Of The Union And Internal Prosperity Of The Roman Empire, In
The Age Of The Antonines.


Chapter III: The Constitution In The Age Of The Antonines.—Part I.   Part II.

Of The Constitution Of The Roman Empire, In The Age Of The
Antonines.


Chapter IV: The Cruelty, Follies And Murder Of Commodus.—Part I.   Part II.

The Cruelty, Follies, And Murder Of Commodus. Election Of
Pertinax—His Attempts To Reform The State—His Assassination
By The Prætorian Guards.


Chapter V: Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus.—Part I.   Part II.

Public Sale Of The Empire To Didius Julianus By The
Prætorian Guards—Clodius Albinus In Britain, Pescennius
Niger In Syria, And Septimius Severus In Pannonia, Declare
Against The Murderers Of Pertinax—Civil Wars And Victory Of
Severus Over His Three Rivals—Relaxation Of Discipline—New
Maxims Of Government.


Chapter VI: Death Of Severus, Tyranny Of Caracalla, Usurpation Of Marcinus.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.  

The Death Of Severus.—Tyranny Of Caracalla.—Usurpation
Of Macrinus.—Follies Of Elagabalus.—Virtues Of Alexander
Severus.—Licentiousness Of The Army.—General State Of The
Roman Finances.


Chapter VII: Tyranny Of Maximin, Rebellion, Civil Wars, Death Of Maximin.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.  

The Elevation And Tyranny Of Maximin.—Rebellion In Africa
And Italy, Under The Authority Of The Senate.—Civil Wars And
Seditions.—Violent Deaths Of Maximin And His Son, Of Maximus
And Balbinus, And Of The Three Gordians.—Usurpation And
Secular Games Of Philip.


Chapter VIII: State Of Persion And Restoration Of The Monarchy.—Part I.   Part II.

Of The State Of Persia After The Restoration Of The Monarchy
By Artaxerxes.


Chapter IX: State Of Germany Until The Barbarians.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.

The State Of Germany Till The Invasion Of The Barbarians In
The Time Of The Emperor Decius.


Chapter X: Emperors Decius, Gallus, Æmilianus, Valerian And Gallienus.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.

The Emperors Decius, Gallus, Æmilianus, Valerian, And
Gallienus.—The General Irruption Of The Barbari Ans.—The
Thirty Tyrants.


Chapter XI: Reign Of Claudius, Defeat Of The Goths.—Part I.  Part II.  Part III.

Reign Of Claudius.—Defeat Of The Goths.—Victories,
Triumph, And Death Of Aurelian.


Chapter XII: Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus And His Sons.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.

Conduct Of The Army And Senate After The Death Of Aurelian.—
Reigns Of Tacitus, Probus, Carus, And His Sons.


Chapter XIII: Reign Of Diocletian And This Three Associates.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.

The Reign Of Diocletian And His Three Associates, Maximian,
Galerius, And Constantius.—General Reestablishment Of Order
And Tranquillity.—The Persian War, Victory, And Triumph.—
The New Form Of Administration.—Abdication And Retirement Of
Diocletian And Maximian.


Chapter XIV: Six Emperors At The Same Time, Reunion Of The Empire.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.  

Troubles After The Abdication Of Diocletian.—Death Of
Constantius.—Elevation Of Constantine And Maxen Tius. ­
Six Emperors At The Same Time.—Death Of Maximian And Galerius.
—Victories Of Constantine Over Maxentius And Licinus.—
Reunion Of The Empire Under The Authority Of Constantine.


Chapter XV: Progress Of The Christian Religion.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.   Part VI.   Part VII.   Part VIII.   Part IX.

The Progress Of The Christian Religion, And The Sentiments,
Manners, Numbers, And Condition Of The Primitive Christians.


VOLUME TWO


Chapter XVI—Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.   Part VI.   Part VII.   Part VIII.

The Conduct Of The Roman Government Towards The Christians,
From The Reign Of Nero To That Of Constantine.


Chapter XVII: Foundation Of Constantinople.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.   Part VI.

Foundation Of Constantinople.—Political System Constantine,
And His Successors.—Military Discipline.—The Palace.—The
Finances.


Chapter XVIII: Character Of Constantine And His Sons.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.

Character Of Constantine.—Gothic War.—Death Of
Constantine.—Division Of The Empire Among His Three Sons.—
Persian War.—Tragic Deaths Of Constantine The Younger And
Constans.—Usurpation Of Magnentius.—Civil War.—Victory
Of Constantius.


Chapter XIX: Constantius Sole Emperor.—Part I.   PartII.   Part III.   Part IV.

Constantius Sole Emperor.—Elevation And Death Of Gallus.—
Danger And Elevation Of Julian.—Sarmatian And Persian Wars.—
Victories Of Julian In Gaul.


Chapter XX: Conversion Of Constantine.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   PartIV.

The Motives, Progress, And Effects Of The Conversion Of
Constantine.—Legal Establishment And Constitution Of The
Christian Or Catholic Church.


Chapter XXI: Persecution Of Heresy, State Of The Church.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.   Part VI.   Part VII.

Persecution Of Heresy.—The Schism Of The Donatists.—The
Arian Controversy.—Athanasius.—Distracted State Of The
Church And Empire Under Constantine And His Sons.—Toleration
Of Paganism.


Chapter XXII: Julian Declared Emperor.—Part I   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.

Julian Is Declared Emperor By The Legions Of Gaul.—His
March And Success.—The Death Of Constantius.—Civil
Administration Of Julian.


Chapter XXIII: Reign Of Julian.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.

The Religion Of Julian.—Universal Toleration.—He
Attempts To Restore And Reform The Pagan Worship—To Rebuild
The Temple Of Jerusalem—His Artful Persecution Of The
Christians.—Mutual Zeal And Injustice.


Chapter XXIV: The Retreat And Death Of Julian.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.

Residence Of Julian At Antioch.—His Successful Expedition
Against The Persians.—Passage Of The Tigris—The Retreat And
Death Of Julian.—Election Of Jovian.—He Saves The Roman
Army By A Disgraceful Treaty.


Chapter XXV: Reigns Of Jovian And Valentinian, Division Of The Empire.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.   Part VI.   Part VII.

The Government And Death Of Jovian.—Election Of
Valentinian, Who Associates His Brother Valens, And Makes The
Final Division Of The Eastern And Western Empires.—Revolt Of
Procopius.—Civil And Ecclesiastical Administration.—
Germany.—Britain.—Africa.—The East.—The Danube.—
Death Of Valentinian.—His Two Sons, Gratian And Valentinian
II., Succeed To The Western Empire.


Chapter XXVI: Progress of The Huns.—Part I.   Part II.   Part III.   Part IV.   Part V.

Manners Of The Pastoral Nations.—Progress Of The Huns, From
China To Europe.—Flight Of The Goths.—They Pass The Danube.
—Gothic War.—Defeat And Death Of Valens.—Gratian Invests
Theodosius With The Eastern Empire.—His Character And Success.
—Peace And Settlement Of The Goths.

VOLUME THREE


Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV    Part V.

     Death Of Gratian.—Ruin Of Arianism.—St. Ambrose.—
     First Civil War, Against Maximus.—Character,
     Administration, And Penance Of Theodosius.—Death Of
     Valentinian II.—Second Civil War, Against Eugenius.—
     Death Of Theodosius.


Chapter XXVIII: Destruction Of Paganism.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     Final Destruction Of Paganism.—Introduction Of The
     Worship Of Saints, And Relics, Among The Christians.


Chapter XXIX: Division Of Roman Empire Between Sons Of Theodosius.—Part I.    Part II.

     Final Division Of The Roman Empire Between The Sons Of
     Theodosius.—Reign Of Arcadius And Honorius—
     Administration Of Rufinus And Stilicho.—Revolt And Defeat
     Of Gildo In Africa.


Chapter XXX: Revolt Of The Goths.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.

     Revolt Of The Goths.—They Plunder Greece.—Two Great
     Invasions Of Italy By Alaric And Radagaisus.—They Are
     Repulsed By Stilicho.—The Germans Overrun Gaul.—Usurpation
     Of Constantine In The West.—Disgrace And Death Of Stilicho.


Chapter XXXI: Invasion Of Italy, Occupation Of Territories By Barbarians.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.    Part VII.

     Invasion Of Italy By Alaric.—Manners Of The Roman Senate
     And People.—Rome Is Thrice Besieged, And At Length
     Pillaged, By The Goths.—Death Of Alaric.—The Goths
     Evacuate Italy.—Fall Of Constantine.—Gaul And Spain Are
     Occupied By The Barbarians.—Independence Of Britain.


Chapter XXXII: Emperors Arcadius, Eutropius, Theodosius II.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     Arcadius Emperor Of The East.—Administration And Disgrace
     Of Eutropius.—Revolt Of Gainas.—Persecution Of St. John
     Chrysostom.—Theodosius II. Emperor Of The East.—His Sister
     Pulcheria.—His Wife Eudocia.—The Persian War, And Division
     Of Armenia.


Chapter XXXIII: Conquest Of Africa By The Vandals.—Part I.    Part II.

     Death Of Honorius.—Valentinian III.—Emperor Of The East.—
     Administration Of His Mother Placidia—Ętius And Boniface.—
     Conquest Of Africa By The Vandals.


Chapter XXXIV: Attila.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     The Character, Conquests, And Court Of Attila, King Of The
     Huns.—Death Of Theodosius The Younger.—Elevation Of
     Marcian To The Empire Of The East.


Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     Invasion Of Gaul By Attila.—He Is Repulsed By Ętius And The
     Visigoths.—Attila Invades And Evacuates Italy.—The Deaths
     Of Attila, Ętius, And Valentinian The Third.


Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.

     Sack Of Rome By Genseric, King Of The Vandals.—His Naval
     Depredations.—Succession Of The Last Emperors Of The West,
     Maximus, Avitus, Majorian, Severus, Anthemius, Olybrius,
     Glycerius, Nepos, Augustulus.—Total Extinction Of The
     Western Empire.—Reign Of Odoacer, The First Barbarian King
     Of Italy.


Chapter XXXVII: Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

     Origin Progress, And Effects Of The Monastic Life.—
     Conversion Of The Barbarians To Christianity And Arianism.—
     Persecution Of The Vandals In Africa.—Extinction Of
     Arianism Among The Barbarians.


Chapter XXXVIII: Reign Of Clovis.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.

     Reign And Conversion Of Clovis.—His Victories Over The
     Alemanni, Burgundians, And Visigoths.—Establishment Of The
     French Monarchy In Gaul.—Laws Of The Barbarians.—State Of
     The Romans.—The Visigoths Of Spain.—Conquest Of Britain By
     The Saxons.

VOLUME FOUR


Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     Zeno And Anastasius, Emperors Of The East.—Birth,
     Education, And First Exploits Of Theodoric The Ostrogoth.—
     His Invasion And Conquest Of Italy.—The Gothic Kingdom Of
     Italy.—State Of The West.—Military And Civil Government.—
     The Senator Boethius.—Last Acts And Death Of Theodoric.


Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.

     Elevation Of Justin The Elder.—Reign Of Justinian.—I. The
     Empress Theodora.—II. Factions Of The Circus, And Sedition
     Of Constantinople.—III. Trade And Manufacture Of Silk.—IV.
     Finances And Taxes.—V. Edifices Of Justinian.—Church Of
     St. Sophia.—Fortifications And Frontiers Of The Eastern
     Empire.—Abolition Of The Schools Of Athens, And The
     Consulship Of Rome.


Chapter XLI: Conquests Of Justinian, Character Of Balisarius.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.

     Conquests Of Justinian In The West.—Character And First
     Campaigns Of Belisarius—He Invades And Subdues The Vandal
     Kingdom Of Africa—His Triumph.—The Gothic War.—He
     Recovers Sicily, Naples, And Rome.—Siege Of Rome By The
     Goths.—Their Retreat And Losses.—Surrender Of Ravenna.—
     Glory Of Belisarius.—His Domestic Shame And Misfortunes.


Chapter XLII: State Of The Barbaric World.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

     State Of The Barbaric World.—Establishment Of The Lombards
     On the Danube.—Tribes And Inroads Of The Sclavonians.—
     Origin, Empire, And Embassies Of The Turks.—The Flight Of
     The Avars.—Chosroes I, Or Nushirvan, King Of Persia.—His
     Prosperous Reign And Wars With The Romans.—The Colchian Or
     Lazic War.—The Ęthiopians.


Chapter XLIII: Last Victory And Death Of Belisarius, Death Of Justinian.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

     Rebellions Of Africa.—Restoration Of The Gothic Kingdom By
     Totila.—Loss And Recovery Of Rome.—Final Conquest Of Italy
     By Narses.—Extinction Of The Ostrogoths.—Defeat Of The
     Franks And Alemanni.—Last Victory, Disgrace, And Death Of
     Belisarius.—Death And Character Of Justinian.—Comet,
     Earthquakes, And Plague.


Chapter XLIV: Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.    Part VII.    Part VIII.

     Idea Of The Roman Jurisprudence.—The Laws Of The Kings—The
     Twelve Of The Decemvirs.—The Laws Of The People.—The
     Decrees Of The Senate.—The Edicts Of The Magistrates And
     Emperors—Authority Of The Civilians.—Code, Pandects,
     Novels, And Institutes Of Justinian:—I. Rights Of Persons.—
     II. Rights Of Things.—III. Private Injuries And Actions.—
     IV. Crimes And Punishments.


Chapter XLV: State Of Italy Under The Lombards.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     Reign Of The Younger Justin.—Embassy Of The Avars.—Their
     Settlement On The Danube.—Conquest Of Italy By The
     Lombards.—Adoption And Reign Of Tiberius.—Of Maurice.—
     State Of Italy Under The Lombards And The Exarchs.—Of
     Ravenna.—Distress Of Rome.—Character And Pontificate Of
     Gregory The First.


Chapter XLVI: Troubles In Persia.—Part I.    Part II.      Part III.    Part IV.

     Revolutions On Persia After The Death Of Chosroes On
     Nushirvan.—His Son Hormouz, A Tyrant, Is Deposed.—
     Usurpation Of Baharam.—Flight And Restoration Of Chosroes
     II.—His Gratitude To The Romans.—The Chagan Of The Avars.—
     Revolt Of The Army Against Maurice.—His Death.—Tyranny Of
     Phocas.—Elevation Of Heraclius.—The Persian War.—Chosroes
     Subdues Syria, Egypt, And Asia Minor.—Siege Of
     Constantinople By The Persians And Avars.—Persian
     Expeditions.—Victories And Triumph Of Heraclius.


Chapter XLVII: Ecclesiastical Discord.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.

     Theological History Of The Doctrine Of The Incarnation.—The
     Human And Divine Nature Of Christ.—Enmity Of The Patriarchs
     Of Alexandria And Constantinople.—St. Cyril And Nestorius.—
     Third General Council Of Ephesus.—Heresy Of Eutyches.—
     Fourth General Council Of Chalcedon.—Civil And
     Ecclesiastical Discord.—Intolerance Of Justinian.—The
     Three Chapters.—The Monothelite Controversy.—State Of The
     Oriental Sects:—I. The Nestorians.—II. The Jacobites.—
     III. The Maronites.—IV. The Armenians.—V. The Copts And
     Abyssinians.


Chapter XLVIII: Succession And Characters Of The Greek Emperors.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part VI.

     Plan Of The Two Last Volumes.—Succession And Characters Of
     The Greek Emperors Of Constantinople, From The Time Of
     Heraclius To The Latin Conquest.

VOLUME FIVE


Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.

     Introduction, Worship, And Persecution Of Images.—Revolt Of
     Italy And Rome.—Temporal Dominion Of The Popes.—Conquest
     Of Italy By The Franks.—Establishment Of Images.—Character
     And Coronation Of Charlemagne.—Restoration And Decay Of The
     Roman Empire In The West.—Independence Of Italy.—
     Constitution Of The Germanic Body.


Chapter L: Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.    Part VII.    Part VIII.

     Description Of Arabia And Its Inhabitants.—Birth,
     Character, And Doctrine Of Mahomet.—He Preaches At Mecca.—
     Flies To Medina.—Propagates His Religion By The Sword.—
     Voluntary Or Reluctant Submission Of The Arabs.—His Death
     And Successors.—The Claims And Fortunes Of All And His
     Descendants.


Chapter LI: Conquests By The Arabs.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.    Part VI.    Part VII.    Part VIII.    Part IX.

     The Conquest Of Persia, Syria, Egypt, Africa, And Spain, By
     The Arabs Or Saracens.—Empire Of The Caliphs, Or Successors
     Of Mahomet.—State Of The Christians, &c., Under Their
     Government.


Chapter LII: More Conquests By The Arabs.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.

     The Two Sieges Of Constantinople By The Arabs.—Their
     Invasion Of France, And Defeat By Charles Martel.—Civil War
     Of The Ommiades And Abbassides.—Learning Of The Arabs.—
     Luxury Of The Caliphs.—Naval Enterprises On Crete, Sicily,
     And Rome.—Decay And Division Of The Empire Of The Caliphs.—
     Defeats And Victories Of The Greek Emperors.


Chapter LIII: Fate Of The Eastern Empire.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

     Fate Of The Eastern Empire In The Tenth Century.—Extent And
     Division.—Wealth And Revenue.—Palace Of Constantinople.—
     Titles And Offices.—Pride And Power Of The Emperors.—
     Tactics Of The Greeks, Arabs, And Franks.—Loss Of The Latin
     Tongue.—Studies And Solitude Of The Greeks.


Chapter LIV: Origin And Doctrine Of The Paulicians.—Part I.    Part II.

     Origin And Doctrine Of The Paulicians.—Their Persecution By
     The Greek Emperors.—Revolt In Armenia &c.—Transplantation
     Into Thrace.—Propagation In The West.—The Seeds,
     Character, And Consequences Of The Reformation.


Chapter LV: The Bulgarians, The Hungarians And The Russians.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     The Bulgarians.—Origin, Migrations, And Settlement Of The
     Hungarians.—Their Inroads In The East And West.—The
     Monarchy Of Russia.—Geography And Trade.—Wars Of The
     Russians Against The Greek Empire.—Conversion Of The
     Barbarians.


Chapter LVI: The Saracens, The Franks And The Normans.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.

     The Saracens, Franks, And Greeks, In Italy.—First
     Adventures And Settlement Of The Normans.—Character And
     Conquest Of Robert Guiscard, Duke Of Apulia—Deliverance Of
     Sicily By His Brother Roger.—Victories Of Robert Over The
     Emperors Of The East And West.—Roger, King Of Sicily,
     Invades Africa And Greece.—The Emperor Manuel Comnenus.—
     Wars Of The Greeks And Normans.—Extinction Of The Normans.


Chapter LVII: The Turks.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

     The Turks Of The House Of Seljuk.—Their Revolt Against
     Mahmud Conqueror Of Hindostan.—Togrul Subdues Persia, And
     Protects The Caliphs.—Defeat And Captivity Of The Emperor
     Romanus Diogenes By Alp Arslan.—Power And Magnificence Of
     Malek Shah.—Conquest Of Asia Minor And Syria.—State And
     Oppression Of Jerusalem.—Pilgrimages To The Holy Sepulchre.


Chapter LVIII: The First Crusade.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.    Part V.

     Origin And Numbers Of The First Crusade.—Characters Of The
     Latin Princes.—Their March To Constantinople.—Policy Of
     The Greek Emperor Alexius.—Conquest Of Nice, Antioch, And
     Jerusalem, By The Franks.—Deliverance Of The Holy
     Sepulchre.—Godfrey Of Bouillon, First King Of Jerusalem.—
     Institutions Of The French Or Latin Kingdom.

VOLUME SIX


Chapter LIX: The Crusades.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LX: The Fourth Crusade.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LXI: Partition Of The Empire By The French And Venetians.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXII: Greek Emperors Of Nice And Constantinople.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LXIII: Civil Wars And The Ruin Of The Greek Empire.—Part I.    Part II.

Chapter LXIV: Moguls, Ottoman Turks.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXV: Elevation Of Timour Or Tamerlane, And His Death.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.

Chapter LXVI: Union Of The Greek And Latin Churches.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXVII: Schism Of The Greeks And Latins.—Part I.    Part II.

Chapter LXVIII: Reign Of Mahomet The Second, Extinction Of Eastern Empire.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXIX: State Of Rome From The Twelfth Century.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXX: Final Settlement Of The Ecclesiastical State.—Part I.    Part II.    Part III.    Part IV.

Chapter LXXI: Prospect Of The Ruins Of Rome In The Fifteenth Century.—Part I.    Part II


















End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History Of The Decline And Fall Of
The Roman Empire, by Edward Gibbon

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE ***

***** This file should be named 25717-h.htm or 25717-h.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/5/7/1/25717/

Produced by David Widger

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
http://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at http://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit http://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     http://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.