WD1002-27X Description WD1002-27X, feature F301R - Half-slot size hard disk controller card with an ST506/ST412 interface. It supports 2 RLL hard disk drives with up to 16 heads and 1024 cylinders and is jumper configurable for secondary addressing and default drive tables. Built in ROM BIOS supports non-standard drive types, virtual drive formatting, dual drive operation, bad track formatting and dynamic formatting. This board features a power connector for filecard applications and it will also operate in AT systems. Please note that this controller card will be unavailable from the manufacturer (Western Digital) after March, 1989. The following is a list of common hard disk drives which have been found to be compatible with the WD1002-27X. For a more complete list of hard disk drives and their parameters, please return to the STORAGE MENU. Controller: WD1002-27X Drive Formatted Capacity Western Digital - WD344 41 Megabyte - WD382R 20 Megabyte - WD384R 41 Megabyte Seagate - ST138R 32 Megabyte - ST238 & 238R 32 Megabyte - ST277R 65 Megabyte * - ST4144R 122 Megabyte Miniscribe - 3438 32 Megabyte - 6079 68 Megabyte - 6128 110 Megabyte Maxtor - XT-1120R 104 Megabyte *- XT-1240R 196 Megabyte Fuji - FK305-39R 32 Megabyte - FK305-58R 49 Megabyte CDC - 94205-77 63 Megabyte *- 94155-135 115 Megabyte *Denotes more than 8 heads Western Digital is a registered trademark of Western Digital Corporation; IBM PC, AT and XT are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation; MS DOS, OS2 and PC DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. WD1002-27X USER GUIDE Introduction The WD1002-27X controller is designed for use with RLL type hard disk drives only. Consult your drive manual or contact the drive manufacturer to determine the drive type. DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CONNECT A RLL CONTROLLER TO AN MFM DRIVE The WD1002-27X is an easy to install, RLL controller, which interfaces one or two Winchester disk drives to a single host computer. It may be used as either a primary or secondary hard disk controller in IBM PC XT or compatible systems. Installation of the controller requires four steps: 1) Verifying BIOS; 2) verifying jumper settings; 3) installing into the host computer; 4) formatting the hard disk drives. To complete installation you will need the following: Two hard disk cables (3 if using 2 hard disk drives); RLL drive; screwdriver; MSDOS Version 2.0 or later; *DEBUG utility; *FDISK utility; *Format utility (*normally included with MSDOS) Preparation of Controller WARNING HANDLE THE CONTROLLER BY THE ENDS OF THE BOARD SOME OF THE CHIPS ARE STATIC SENSITIVE AND DAMAGE MAY OCCUR IF THE BOARD IS INCORRECTLY HANDLED Confirming BIOS At location U12, please confirm that your WD1002-27X BIOS ROM is part number 62-000094-followed by any three numbers (this BIOS ROM is referred to as Western Digital's Super BIOS). If your controller has any other BIOS, contact Technical Support at 1-800-832-4778. Prepare Controller Before you can install your WD1002-27X you will need to be certain that the jumpers (small shorting plugs) are correctly set. 旼컴Drive 0컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � Data Cable 34pin Control Cable � � 旼횶2컴� 旼컴컴횶1컴컴컴커 � 旼컴컴� 읕컴컴켸 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 旼횶3컴� � � 읕컴컴켸 123 � � Drive 1 桁�W8 � � Data Cable 桁�W4 � � �1 �1 � � �2 W6 �2 桁5 � � W9 �3 桁6 � � 旼횭IOS컴컴� 桁7 � � � ( 桁8 S1 � � 읕컴컴훃12켸 �1 桁4 � � �2 桁3 � 읕� W3 桁2 � � 桁1 � 읕컴컴풞31 A1旼컴컴컴� � WD1002-27X � 읒좋좋좋좋좋좋좋좋좋좋좋좋줄 Verify that the host computer contains at least a 135 watt power supply. Verify that the jumper settings on the controller board are correct. Modification of factory jumper settings is rarely necessary. For jumper settings on W3, W4, W6 and W8, see Table 1. Table 1 Jumper Settings Pin Jumper Connects Status W3 Closed BIOS ROM enabled Open BIOS ROM disabled W4 1-2 Secondary Address 324 thru 327 hex 2-3 Primary Address 320 thru 323 hex (factory setting) W6 1-2 16 head disk drive configuration 2-3 8 head disk drive w/Reduced Write Current configuration. (factory setting) W8 1-2 Dual controller setting (CA00) 2-3 Primary Controller (factory setting) (C800) Before setting the following jumpers, you will need to know the parameters of your RLL drive. For your convenience, we have provided a list of the most common drives. You may access the list by returning to the previous menu. IF YOUR DRIVE IS NOT LISTED, YOU WILL NEED TO OBTAIN THE PARAMETERS FROM YOUR DRIVE MANUFACTURER OR MANUAL. If your drive has 4 heads, a formatted capacity of 32 megabytes, and fewer than 663 cylinders, the controller jumper settings should be set as follows: Table 2 Standard Jumper Settings - 30 Meg Drives/663 Cylinders or Less: S1-1 Open S1-5 Closed S1-2 Open S1-6 Closed S1-3 Open S1-7 Open S1-4 Open S1-8 Open (AT Mode) W-9 Closed Note: Table 2 jumper settings is the Translation Mode. Some versions of DOS or other operating systems will not recognize the 26 sector per track feature of RLL drives. The Table 2 jumper settings translate the configuration characteristics into a 17 sector per track format recognized by the Operating System. WITH TABLE 2 JUMPER SETTINGS, YOU MAY USE THE SIMPLIFIED FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS ON PAGE 4. DRIVES WITH GREATER THAN 663 CYLINDERS If your drive has more than 663 cylinders, it is recommended that you use the jumper settings in Table 3. With drives having greater than 663 cylinders, you MUST use the Dynamic Formatting procedure. (See page 7) Table 3 S1-1 Open S1-5 Open S1-2 Open S1-6 Closed S1-3 Open S1-7 Open S1-4 Open S1-8 Open (AT Mode) W-9 Open Preparation of Drive WARNING MAKE SURE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF AND POWER IS DISCONNECTED There are 3 steps in preparing your drive to interface with the WD1002-27X Controller. 1) Power for drive is supplied by host computer through an extra connector from its power supply. Verify that the host computer contains at least a 135 watt power supply. 2) The terminating resistor must be present only on the last hard disk drive connected. If there are two drives, the terminating resistor must be present on the second drive. 3) Drive Select: If the controller cable has a twisted portion between two drive connectors, both drives must be jumpered for Drive Select 2. If controller cable has no twisted portion, first drive select should be 1, second drive select 2. See your drive manual for drive preparation and installation procedures. Note: The hard disk drive cable is not the same cable used for floppy disk drives. Installation Into Host Computer WARNING MAKE SURE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF AND POWER IS DISCONNECTED Installation of Controller into Host Computer Remove blank expansion slot bracket and save for future use. The screw will be used to hold the controller board into place. INSTALL CONTROLLER INTO ANY AVAILABLE SLOT EXCEPT SLOT 8 Connect the 34-pin (wide control cable) connector to J1 on the controller board. Make sure that Pin 1 of the cable connector goes to Pin 1 on the controller board. Pin 1 of the cable connector is typically located on the color coded side of the cable. Connect the 20-pin (data cable) to J2 (Drive 0 Data Connector) on the controller board. Make sure that Pin 1 on the cable is connected to Pin 1 on the controller board. If a second drive is being installed, connect the Drive 1 data cable to J3. Verify that the disk drive(s) is(are) installed properly. This includes correct placement of drive select jumpers and drive terminator installation. Refer to the disk drive installation manual for further information. DO NOT USE THE RADIAL SELECT OPTION. Install the drive(s) per manufacturer's instructions. CAUTION WHEN ROUTING CABLES, BE CAREFUL NOT TO PINCH THEM. CABLES MUST NOT GET CAUGHT BETWEEN THE COVER AND THE BOARDS, NOR SHOULD THEY OBSTRUCT ANY AIR FLOW PATH FROM FANS OR VENTS. Western Digital is a registered trademark of Western Digital Corporation; IBM PC, AT and XT are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation; MS DOS, OS@ and PC DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. WD1002-27X SIMPLIFIED FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS The format instructions that you follow are simple procedures to tell the computer that you have either one or two Winchester disk drives installed. Formatting is done in three steps: 1. Low level format...Using DEBUG utility; 2. FDISK (partitioning)...using FDISK utility; 3. High level format...using Format utility *These utilities are normally supplied for DOS. Refer to your DOS manual for indepth instructions on these utilities. CAUTION THE FOLLOWING LOW-LEVEL FORMAT PROCEDURE WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON YOUR HARD DRIVE BACK-UP THE DATA ON YOUR DRIVE BEFORE CONTINUING WITH LOW LEVEL FORMAT ROUTINE. DEBUG Utility 1. At the A>prompt, load and run the DOS DEBUG Utility by typing DEBUG followed by a RETURN. "CR" denotes a carriage return or ENTER. 2. FOR IBM SYSTEMS ONLY: At the DEBUG prompt, which is a hyphen (-) verify that the system BIOS is 10-27-82 or later by typing in the following command line: -d f000:fff5 fffc 3. At the debug prompt, start the low level format program by typing the following command line: -g = c800:5 CR (for primary controller) -g = ca00:5 CR (for secondary controller) 4. The Super BIOS format program displays the following message: Super BIOS Formatter Rev. 2.4 Copyright Western Digital Corp. 1987 Current Drive is C: Select new Drive or RETURN for current Enter your choice of drives at this point. The program continues: Current Interleave is 4 Select new Interleave or RETURN for current. Enter your choice of interleave at this point. The recommended interleave is 4. Are you dynamically configuring the drive - answer Y/N Answer: No Are you virtually configuring the drive? - answer Y/N Answer: No PROGRAM DISPLAYS INITIATE FORMAT MESSAGE Press "Y" to begin formatting drive (C or D) with interleave of 03 (or value you entered above) If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays the following message and returns the operator to DOS: Nothing done exit - returning to system ... A> If an error occurs while formatting, the program immediately terminates, displays the following error message, and returns the operator to DOS. Refer to Table 5 (Error Codes). Error---completion code XX If "Y" is typed, the Super BIOS program initiates the low level format. The following message indicates the Super BIOS is formatting the drive: Formatting. . . (THIS MAY TAKE FROM 5-10 MINUTES) The Super BIOS displays the following message if there are no resulting errors: Do you want to format bad tracks? Answer Y/N Answer: No If no errors occurred, the Super BIOS ends execution of the low level format with the following message: Format Successful System will now restart Insert DOS diskette in drive A: Press any key when ready. 5. If you have a second hard drive. Repeat step 4. 6. Load and execute the DOS FDISK utility for both drives (follow instructions in DOS manual). 7. Load and execute the DOS FORMAT utility for both drives (follow instructions in DOS manual). DYNAMIC LOW LEVEL FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS CAUTION THE FOLLOWING LOW LEVEL FORMAT PROCEDURE WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON YOUR HARD DRIVE BACK-UP THE DATA ON YOUR DRIVE BEFORE CONTINUING WITH LOW LEVEL FORMAT ROUTINE. The format instructions that you follow are simple procedures to tell the computer that you have either one or two Winchester disk drives installed. Formatting is done in three steps: 1. Low level format...Using DEBUG utility; 2. FDISK (partitioning)...using FDISK utility; 3. High level format...using Format utility *These utilities are normally supplied for DOS. Refer to your DOS manual for indepth instructions on these utilities. DEBUG Utility 1. At the A>prompt, load and run the DOS DEBUG Utility by typing DEBUG followed by a RETURN. "CR" denotes a carriage return or ENTER. 2. FOR IBM SYSTEMS ONLY: At the DEBUG prompt, which is a hyphen (-) verify that the system BIOS is 10-27-82 or later by typing in the following command line: -d f000:fff5 fffc 3. At the debug prompt, start the low level format program by typing the following command line: -g = c800:5 CR (for primary controller) -g = ca00:5 CR (for secondary controller) 4. The Super BIOS format program displays the following message: Super BIOS Formatter Rev. 2.4 Copyright Western Digital Corp. 1987 Current Drive is C: Select new Drive or RETURN for current Enter your choice of drives at this point. The program continues: Current Interleave is 4 Select new Interleave or RETURN for current. Enter your choice of interleave at this point. The recommended interleave is 4. Are you dynamically configuring the drive? Answer Y/N Answer: Yes In order to continue, you will need to know the parameters of your drive. For your convenience, we have prepared a list of common hard disk drives and their parameters. By returning to the previous menu, you may access the drive list. If your drive is not listed, you will need to refer to your drive manual or contact your drive manufacturer for this information. You will need to know the following: Number of heads, number of cylinders, starting reduced write current cylinder, write precompensation cylinder, maximum correctable error burst length, step rate code. The Super BIOS program displays the initiate dynamic configuration message: Key in disk characteristics as follows: ccc h rrr ppp ee o where ccc = total number of cylinders (1-4 digits) h = number of heads (1-2 digits) rrr = starting reduced write current cylinder (1-4 digits) ppp = write precomp cylinder (1-4 digits) ee = max correctable error burst length (1-2 digits) range = 5 to 11 bits, default = 11 bits o = CBB option byte, step rate select (1 hex digit) range = 0 to 7, default = 5 refer to controller and drive specification for step rates. Enter each value separated by a space and follow the complete entry with a RETURN. Enter physical cylinder values. Example for ST 251R: 820 4 821 821 11 7 (CR) Program Displays: Are you virtually configuring the drive - Answer Y/N Explanation: Current versions of DOS allow no more than 32 megabytes per drive. Therefore, a 40 megabyte drive may be divided into two virtual drives using the virtual option. If you have a hard disk drive larger than 32 megabytes, you will want to answer Yes to the above question in order to fully utilize your drive's capacity. For example: If your drive has a 40 megabyte formatted capacity you may choose to virtually split the drive into either two 20 megabyte drives or a 30 megabyte drive and a 10 megabyte drive. NOTE: WITH DOS VERSION 3.30 OR LATER, SAY "NO" TO VIRTUAL CONFIGURATION AND DO PARTITION UNDER FDISK UTILITY. If you answer Yes to virtual configuration, you may not attach another physical drive to the controller or add another Winchester controller to the system. Also, do NOT repeat this low level format procedure for logical drive D. The program continues with the following display: Key in cylinder number for drive split as vvv ... where vvv = number of cylinders for drive C: (1-4 digits) Enter the ending cylinder number for drive C:. Drive D: uses the remaining cylinders. The program continues with the following display: Press "Y" to begin formatting drive (C or D) with interleave of (04 or value entered above). If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays the following message and returns the operator to DOS: Nothing done exit - returning to system... If an error occurs while formatting, the program immediately terminates, displays error code and returns operator to DOS. See Table 3 for error codes. If "Y" is typed and there are no errors, the following message appears: Formatting.... Super BIOS now displays the following message: Do you want to format bad tracks - answer Y/N Note: A list of bad tracks is normally found attached to your drive. If "Y" is typed, you will be prompted to enter the bad tracks (see example below). However, because of the logical addressing used by DOS, marking an entire track bad will result in more than one logical address being marked bad. As DOS can only accept a limited number of defects, a drive with excessive media defects may cause the FORMAT program to terminate with an error. The displayed error is typically, "TRACK 00 BAD - DRIVE UNUSABLE." If you do choose to format bad tracks by pressing "Y", the program will display the following: Key in bad track list as follows: ccc h... where ccc = bad track cylinder number (1-4 digits) h = bad track head number (1-2 digits) Type in the cylinder and head numbers for the bad tracks separated by a space and press RETURN. EXAMPLE: 160 1 161 2 304 3 223 4 223 2 CR The program continues: More? Y/N Enter extra bad tracks as above or terminate bad track formatting by typing: N CR The program continues: BAD TRACK MAP TRACK ADDR PROBLEM ccc H USER-SUPPLIED If no errors occurred, Super BIOS message reads: Format Successful System will now restart Insert DOS diskette in drive A: Press any key when ready. 5. Repeat Step 4 if a second physical drive is to be formatted. Do NOT virtually configure the second physical drive. Do NOT run the low level format on the second logical drive if drive C: was virtually configured. 6. Load and execute FDISK utility for both drives regardless of virtual or physical configuration. FDISK partition data should indicate proper split of cylinders for both drives. Follow DOS instructions for using this utility. 7. Load and execute DOS FORMAT utility for both drives, regardless of virtual or physical configurations. Follow DOS instructions for using this utility. AT Installation Super BIOS expands the compatibility of the WD1002-27X to the IBM Personal Computer AT. For AT operation, the system must contain system BIOS ROMs #6181028 and #6181029 (1981-1984) for use with DOS version 2.1 or system BIOS ROMs #6480090 and #6480091 (1985) for use with DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2. Drives operating on the WD1002-27X are not programmed into the AT's configuration memory. Therefore, configure the IBM Advanced Diagnostic program , Setup, for no (zero) drives and set the controller jumpers as the primary controller (W4:2-3; W8:2-3). Table 1 - Error Codes Code Completion Code Summary 01 Bad Command 02 Address Mark Not Found 04 Sector Not Found 05 Reset Failed 07 Set Parameters Failed 09 Attempt to DMA across 64K boundary 0B Bad Track 10 Correctable Data Error 11 ECC Error Corrected 20 Controller Failure 40 Seek Failure 80 Time-out BB Undefined Error FF Read Status Failed Common Questions Q: My drive has 615 cylinders, and 26 sectors per track. After formatting, I have 940 cylinders and 17 sectors per track. What's wrong. A: Older versions of DOS do not recognize the RLL capacity of 26 sectors per track. Translation mode makes DOS think that there are 940 cylinders and only 17 sectors per track. With this translation, your drive should work with no problem. If you upgrade to a newer version of DOS, you can remove the jumpers and dynamically configure the drive (page ). Q: Can I use the WD1002-27X in an AT? A: Yes Troubleshooting Eliminate obvious fault causing problems, i.e., reversed cables, overloaded system power supply, improper drive selection, etc. Problem: Winchester activity LED is always lit. Solution: Cables may be reversed, drive malfunction, or bad cables. Problem: Both Winchester activity LEDs come on at same time. Solution: Improper drive select or termination. Consult your drive or system manual for information. Problem: "Nothing done exit" appears when starting the low level format program. Solution: "Y" was not pressed. Start at Step 1 of the format instructions. Problem: Controller formats 20 MB of a 30 MB drive. Solution: Check W1 and W2 settings. Problem: System hangs with controller installed. Solution: System BIOS may not handle Winchester disk. Update system BIOS. Problem: "Error Reading Fixed Disk" when booting system. Solution: DOS partition not active. See FDISK instructions in your DOS manual. Problem: Slow and inefficient operation. Solution: Normally due to incorrect interleave factor which may require some experimentation (see Format instructions). Interleave factors are dependent on drive access time, controller operation, host operating speed and system, as well as application program. Problem: Controller does not format a Seagate ST225 to 30 megabyte. Solution: Get a ST238. The ST225 is a 20 megabyte MFM drive. The ST238 is a 30 megabyte RLL drive. This is a good time to point out the differences between RLL and Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) disk drives and controllers. First, RLL equipment is able to record 50% more data on the drive. Second, RLL drives must be physically formatted with 26 sectors because of the greater data density. This leads to an important point. Do not under any circumstances connect a RLL controller to a MFM drive! RLL controllers physically format any attached drive into 26 sectors. Therefore, the RLL controller squishes 26 sectors onto a drive designed for 17 sectors. Squishing the RLL data onto a MFM drive results in corrupted data. Finally, the chip sets on RLL and MFM controllers significantly differ as a result of the first and second points. Problem: 1701 or 01 Error Code. Solution: System BIOS does not support Winchester controller and drive. Overloaded power supply. Update system BIOS. (Refer to the format instructions to check the BIOS data.) Install 135 W power supply. Finally, ensure that W3 enables controller BIOS. Problem: Error Code 20 Solution: Controller component malfunction. consult your dealer. Make sure you properly installed the controller in the expansion slot. Reversed cables. Problem: Error Code 40. Solution: Wrong CCB option byte selected. Refer to format instructions to check CCB option byte. Not enough Host power for the drive. Install 135 W power supply. Problem: Error Code 80. Solution: Not enough drive power. Check cables, drive select jumpers, and drive termination. Check drive.